Inside An Loc

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Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes

Author : Ron Sun
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0585295999
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (852 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes by : Ron Sun

Download or read book Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes written by Ron Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-08-19 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes: A Perspective on the State of the Art focuses on a currently emerging body of research. With the reemergence of neural networks in the 1980s with their emphasis on overcoming some of the limitations of symbolic AI, there is clearly a need to support some form of high-level symbolic processing in connectionist networks. As argued by many researchers, on both the symbolic AI and connectionist sides, many cognitive tasks, e.g. language understanding and common sense reasoning, seem to require high-level symbolic capabilities. How these capabilities are realized in connectionist networks is a difficult question and it constitutes the focus of this book. Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes addresses the underlying architectural aspects of the integration of neural and symbolic processes. In order to provide a basis for a deeper understanding of existing divergent approaches and provide insight for further developments in this field, this book presents: (1) an examination of specific architectures (grouped together according to their approaches), their strengths and weaknesses, why they work, and what they predict, and (2) a critique/comparison of these approaches. Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes is of interest to researchers, graduate students, and interested laymen, in areas such as cognitive science, artificial intelligence, computer science, cognitive psychology, and neurocomputing, in keeping up-to-date with the newest research trends. It is a comprehensive, in-depth introduction to this new emerging field.

Hell in An Loc

Author : Quang Thi Lâm
Publisher : University of North Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1574412760
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Hell in An Loc by : Quang Thi Lâm

Download or read book Hell in An Loc written by Quang Thi Lâm and published by University of North Texas Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Three days before Easter last spring, the North Vietnamese struck South Vietnam with a fury unknown to the Vietnam war since the Tet offensive four years earlier. They poured south across the DMZ, smashed into the central highland from Laos, crossed the border from Cambodia and, with an army of 36,000 men and 100 Russian-made tanks, raced toward Saigon, boasting that they'd be in the city by May 19, Ho Chi Minh's birthday. From one end of the country to the other, bases and villages fell before the savagery of their onslaught. By April 5, all that blocked them from Saigon was a ragtag band of 6,800 South Vietnamese regulars and militiamen and a handful of American advisors holed up in An Loc, a once-prosperous rubber-plantation town of 15,000 astride Highway 13, which led to the capital, 60 miles to the south ... In Thi's opinion, reporting the victory of An Loc would contradict the U.S. media's basic premise that the war could not be won because ARVN was a corrupt and ineffective force. Subsequent published studies of the conflict provide a wealth of details about the use of U.S. airpower and the role of the U.S. advisors, but they fail to provide equal coverage to the activities and performance of ARVN units participating in the siege. Thi believes that it is time to set the record straight. Without denying the tremendous contribution of the U.S. advisors and pilots to the success of An Loc, this book is written primarily to tell the South Vietnamese side of the story and, more importantly, to render justice to the South Vietnamese soldier who withstood ninety-four days of horror and prevailed"--Publisher's website.

A Dictionary of Skiri Pawnee

Author : Douglas Richard Parks
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803220478
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Skiri Pawnee by : Douglas Richard Parks

Download or read book A Dictionary of Skiri Pawnee written by Douglas Richard Parks and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The volume comprises approximately 4,500 entries that represent the basic vocabulary of the Skiri language. To assist users, the introduction features a description of the Skiri sound system and an alphabet, as well as a short description of Skiri grammar that outlines the categories and constituent morphemes composing Skiri words. The first section of the dictionary presents entries arranged alphabetically by English glosses; the second section is arranged alphabetically by Skiri words and stems. Separate appendixes provide representative conjugations of Skiri verbs, a list of irregular verb roots, and charts of kinship terms."--BOOK JACKET.

A Grammar of Bjokapakha

Author : Selin Grollmann
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004435239
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis A Grammar of Bjokapakha by : Selin Grollmann

Download or read book A Grammar of Bjokapakha written by Selin Grollmann and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Grammar of Bjokapakha by Selin Grollmann constitutes the first description of Bjokapakha, an endangered language spoken in central Bhutan belonging to the Tshangla branch of Trans-Himalayan. This grammar comprises a description of the phonology, lexicon, nominal morphology, predicate structures and syntax. In addition to the descriptive parts, this book encompasses a historical-comparative account of Bjokapakha. The introductory chapter provides a comparison with the standard variety of Tshangla and corroborates the internal diversity of the Tshangla branch. The present-day structure of Bjokapakha verbal morphology is illuminated by means of an internal reconstruction. Moreover, this book contains a glossary and a text collection.

A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY)

Author : Osahito Miyaoka
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 311027857X
Total Pages : 1712 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY) by : Osahito Miyaoka

Download or read book A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY) written by Osahito Miyaoka and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume is a major grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY). It is the culmination of the author's linguistic studies done in Alaska and elsewhere since around 1960, with assistance of many native speakers. Central Alaskan Yupik is currently the most vigorous of the nineteen remaining Native Alaskan languages. Descriptive in nature, extensive and deep, this grammar is of typological and of ethnological/anthropological interest. Given the severely endangered state of the language, this much of descriptive linguistic material is without comparison in the field.

Predicative Possession

Author : Leon Stassen
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191568147
Total Pages : 832 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Predicative Possession by : Leon Stassen

Download or read book Predicative Possession written by Leon Stassen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-05-07 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive treatment of the strategies employed in the world's languages to express predicative possession, as in "the boy has a bat". It presents the results of the author's fifteen-year research project on the subject. Predicative possession is the source of many grammaticalization paths - as in the English perfect tense formed from to have - and its typology is an important key to understanding the structural variety of the world's languages and how they change. Drawing on data from some 400 languages representing all the world's language families, most of which lack a close equivalent to the verb to have, Professor Stassen aims (a) to establish a typology of four basic types of predicative possession, (b) to discover and describe the processes by which standard constructions can be modified, and (c) to explore links between the typology of predicative possession and other typologies in order to reveal patterns of interdependence. He shows, for example, that the parameter of simultaneous sequencing - the way a language formally encodes a sequence like "John sang and Mary danced" - correlates with the way it encodes predicative possession. By means of this and other links the author sets up a single universal model in order to account for all morphosyntactic variation in predicative possession found in the languages of the world, including patterns of variation over time. Predicative Possession will interest scholars and advanced students of language typology, diachronic linguistics, morphology and syntax.

The Aesthetics of Grammar

Author : Jeffrey P. Williams
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107511976
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis The Aesthetics of Grammar by : Jeffrey P. Williams

Download or read book The Aesthetics of Grammar written by Jeffrey P. Williams and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-28 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The languages of mainland Southeast Asia evidence an impressive array of elaborate grammatical resources, such as echo words, phonaesthetic words, chameleon affixes, chiming derivatives, onomatopoeic forms, ideophones and expressives. Speakers of these languages fashion grammatical works of art in order to express and convey emotions, senses, conditions and perceptions that enrich discourse. This book provides a detailed comparative overview of the mechanisms by which aesthetic qualities of speech operate as part of speakers' grammatical knowledge. Each chapter focuses on a different language and explores the grammatical information of a number of well- and lesser-known languages from mainland Southeast Asia. It will be of great interest to syntacticians, morphologists, linguistic anthropologists, language typologists, cognitive scientists interested in language, and instructors of Southeast Asian languages.

Niuean

Author : Diane Massam
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198793553
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Niuean by : Diane Massam

Download or read book Niuean written by Diane Massam and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the grammar of Niuean, an endangered Polynesian language spoken on the island of Niue and in New Zealand, with a focus on the issue of predication. Since Aristotle, it has been claimed that a sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. Niuean constitutes the perfect testing ground for this claim: it displays verb-subject-object word order, in which the subject interrupts the predicate, and has an ergative case system, in which subjects are not clearly distinguished from objects in their marking for grammatical case. Diane Massam uses the framework of generative grammar to carry out a detailed analysis of the internal structure of Niuean predicates and arguments, as well as the relations between them, touching on many other topics including the nature of displacement, word formation, determiners, and thematic roles. The proposal is that Niuean complex predicates are formed via successive inversion, prior to the merge of all arguments (high argument merge), and that the predicate undergoes fronting to initial position across the arguments, with the same structure found also in nominal clauses. The conclusion is that Niuean does not have a subject in the usual sense, and this is related to the fact that the language has isolating morphology, lacking all tense and agreement inflection and nominative case. Instead, the language exhibits low absolutive predication, applicative ergative agents, and predicate fronting in lieu of subject extraction. The book extends our understanding of cross-linguistic sentence structure and grammatical case, and will be of interest to scholars in the fields of Austronesian linguistics, typology, and theoretical linguistics.

Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, Volume 6: A Grammar of the Thangmi Language (2 vols)

Author : Mark Turin
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004223762
Total Pages : 1002 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, Volume 6: A Grammar of the Thangmi Language (2 vols) by : Mark Turin

Download or read book Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, Volume 6: A Grammar of the Thangmi Language (2 vols) written by Mark Turin and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-12-09 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is a grammar of Thangmi, an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the districts of Dolakha and Sindhupalcok in central-eastern Nepal. The language is spoken by upwards of 30,000 people belonging to an ethnic group of the same name. The Thangmi are one of Nepal’s least documented communities. These two volumes include a grammatical description of the Dolakha dialect of Thangmi, a collection of glossed oral texts and a comprehensive lexicon with relevant examples. In addition, the reader will find an extensive ethnolinguistic introduction to the speakers and their culture. For students and scholars of anthropology and linguistics, this study is a compelling illustration of the interweaving of these disciplines in the context of Himalayan studies. With financial support of the International Institute for Asian Studies (www.iias.nl).

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research by :

Download or read book New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1973-05 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Geological Survey Bulletin

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Geological Survey Bulletin by :

Download or read book Geological Survey Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Syntax of the Nivkh Language

Author : Vladimir P. Nedjalkov
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027271402
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis A Syntax of the Nivkh Language by : Vladimir P. Nedjalkov

Download or read book A Syntax of the Nivkh Language written by Vladimir P. Nedjalkov and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, originally published in Russian in 2012, is one of the few larger works on Nivkh (Gilyak), an underinvestigated endangered Paleosiberian language-isolate, that have appeared lately. It is a descriptive grammar based on extensive language data and supplemented with the authors’ experiments and subtle analysis, aimed at elucidating some moot points of the highly specific Nivkh syntax, and with quantitave data. It focuses on syntactic and semantic types of verbs and their aspectual and temporal characteristics, various groups of verbal grammatical morphemes, the use of finite and non-finite verb forms, and especially on numerous converbs, sentence types, word order, two-predicate constructions, relative clauses, direct and indirect speech, text structure and cohesion. The typological expertise and insights of V.P. Nedjalkov and the native intuitions of G.A. Otaina combine to add value to this volume. The book will be of interest to specialists in morphosyntax, typology, general linguistics and indigenous languages.

The Linguistics of Sitting, Standing and Lying

Author : John Newman
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027229571
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis The Linguistics of Sitting, Standing and Lying by : John Newman

Download or read book The Linguistics of Sitting, Standing and Lying written by John Newman and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores properties of 'sit', 'stand', and 'lie' verbs, reflecting three of the most salient postures associated with humans. An introductory chapter by the Editor provides an overview of directions for research into posture verbs. These directions are then explored in detail in a number of languages: Dutch; Korean; Japanese; Lao; Chantyal, Magar (Tibeto-Burman); Chipewyan (Athapaskan); Trumai (spoken in Brazil); Kxoe (Khoisan); Mbay (Nilo-Saharan); Oceanic; Enga, Ku Waru (Papuan); Arrernte, Pitjantjatjara, Ngan'gityemerri (Australian). The contributors discuss data relevant to many fields of linguistic inquiry, including patterns of lexicalization (e.g., simplex or complex verb forms), morphology (e.g., state vs. action formations), grammaticalization (e.g., extension to locational predicates, aspect markers, auxiliaries, copulas, classifiers), and figurative extension. A final chapter reports on an experimental methodology designed to establish the relevant cognitive parameters underlying speakers' judgements on the polysemy of English stand. Taken together, the chapters provide a wealth of cross-linguistic data on posture verbs.

Jejueo

Author : Changyong Yang
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824881400
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Jejueo by : Changyong Yang

Download or read book Jejueo written by Changyong Yang and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jeju Island, located about 30 miles southwest of the Korean mainland, is famous for its natural beauty, dolhaleubang (“stone grandfather”) statues, haenyeo (“sea women”) divers—and its language, which has only recently been recognized as distinct from Korean. This finding—still considered controversial—undermines the centuries-old belief that Korea has a single language within its borders and opens the door to an entirely new perspective on linguistic diversity in East Asia. Jejueo: The Language of Korea’s Jeju Island offers both an introduction to the language and the foundation for a wave of new research on its many unique features. Through its comprehensive approach, the book helps establish the importance of Jejueo to the cultural and linguistic heritage of not only Jeju Island, but also the entire Korean peninsula. After a brief introductory chapter on the history of the island and its culture, the authors work their way through the language step by step, examining its sounds, part-of-speech system, and rich inventory of suffixes for both nouns and verbs, to which several chapters are devoted. Carefully written to minimize technical language and supplemented with hundreds of examples, the work is intended to be accessible to scholars working in all fields of Korean studies. Jejueo tells the story of a language that has been under wraps for far too long and is now in peril. After centuries of use as the first language of the island, only a few thousand elderly fluent speakers remain, leading UNESCO to classify Jejueo as “critically endangered” in 2010. As the first full-length treatment of Jejueo in English, this book marks a milestone in Korean studies and is sure to trigger extensive discussion of the language and its place in Korean society.

A Grammar of Warrongo

Author : Tasaku Tsunoda
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110238772
Total Pages : 783 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis A Grammar of Warrongo by : Tasaku Tsunoda

Download or read book A Grammar of Warrongo written by Tasaku Tsunoda and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-12-23 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warrongo is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that used to be spoken in northeast Australia. This volume is largely based on the rich data recorded from the last fluent speaker. It details the phonology, morphology and syntax of the language. In particular, it provides a truly scrutinizing description of syntactic ergativity - a phenomenon that is rare among the world's language. It also shows that, unlike some other Australian languages, Warrongo has noun phrases that are configurational. Overall this volume shows what can be documented of a language that has only one speaker.

Nobiinga Kullan book(1), Beginners' level

Author : Nubantood Khalil
Publisher : Nubantood Khalil
ISBN 13 : 057824747X
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (782 download)

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Book Synopsis Nobiinga Kullan book(1), Beginners' level by : Nubantood Khalil

Download or read book Nobiinga Kullan book(1), Beginners' level written by Nubantood Khalil and published by Nubantood Khalil. This book was released on 2021-08-14 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a true language acquisition curriculum for the Nobiin language, an endangered Nile-Nubian language spoken in South Egypt and North Sudan. The book is part of a series for Nobiin language acquisition called "Nobiinga-Kullan." This elementary book introduces the orthography for writing Nobiin, basic description for phonology and phonetics, basic grammar lessons, and the basic vocabulary needed for communications. This book is also designed to present a standardized form of Nobiin grammar for easy learnability purposes. In addition, this book is accompanied by audio recordings that provide the needed listening practices. The main goal is to create a systematic method that helps language learners develop the four skills: writing, reading, speaking, and listening. In addition, I present this book to linguists and other scholars in Nubian studies.

Oceanic Voices - European Quills

Author : Steven Roger Fischer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3050064110
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Oceanic Voices - European Quills by : Steven Roger Fischer

Download or read book Oceanic Voices - European Quills written by Steven Roger Fischer and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Oceanic Voices - European Quills" celebrates the linguistic historiography of two Oceanic poles. The northwest Pacific's Chamorro of Guam and the Northern Marianas was the first (16th century), and the southeast Pacific's Rapanui of Easter Island one of the last (19th century) of the Austronesian tongues to inspire linguistic investigation within greater Oceania. These pioneering efforts are honored in nine articles which document, translate, chronicle, describe and analyze the earliest relics from these two island cultures. This collection of articles reveals fundamental insights not only into earlier stages of both Chamorro and Rapanui but also into the very discipline of linguistic historiography in one of Earth's humanly richest and most fascinating regions.