Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Income Inequality And Government Transfers In Mexico
Download Income Inequality And Government Transfers In Mexico full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Income Inequality And Government Transfers In Mexico ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Income Inequality and Government Transfers in Mexico by : Frederic Lambert
Download or read book Income Inequality and Government Transfers in Mexico written by Frederic Lambert and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze microdata from Mexico's survey on household income and expenditures (ENIGH) to study the evolution of income inequality in Mexico over 2004-16, identify its sources, and investigate how it was affected by government social policy. We find evidence of only a small decline in inequality over this period. The observed decline may be attributed to government transfers, notably targeted cash transfers (Prospera) and non-contributory pensions. In 2016, those two programs accounted for more than two thirds of the reduction in the Gini coefficient due to government transfers. Other transfer programs such as farmland subsidies (Proagro), government scholarships, and non-monetary transfers for medical expenditures have not been as effective.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484383710 Total Pages :33 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Mexico by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Mexico written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper on Mexico documents the composition, trends, and labor market implications of informality using data from the National Employment Survey (ENOE). Over half of the employed population has informal contractual relationships in Mexico both at formal and informal firms. Informality is found to be associated with lower levels of pay—even when accounting for worker composition differences—and lower wage growth over the life cycle. Policy drivers of this market duality, including minimum wage policy, are discussed. The results suggest that informality tends to select workers with lower earnings potential and limits their development. Informality indeed tends to be more prevalent among younger and less educated workers, for which better paid jobs are harder to come by. Moreover, it appears to lead workers toward a path of limited earnings and perhaps skill growth potential. Future labor market reforms should take a holistic approach that addresses both distributional concerns and formality barriers. One alternative is to reduce dependence on payroll taxes that are biased toward formal salaried workers while transitioning toward a social insurance system that provides good-quality services for all, irrespective of their salaried/nonsalaried status.
Book Synopsis Income Inequality and Government Transfers in Mexico by : Frederic Lambert
Download or read book Income Inequality and Government Transfers in Mexico written by Frederic Lambert and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze microdata from Mexico's survey on household income and expenditures (ENIGH) to study the evolution of income inequality in Mexico over 2004-16, identify its sources, and investigate how it was affected by government social policy. We find evidence of only a small decline in inequality over this period. The observed decline may be attributed to government transfers, notably targeted cash transfers (Prospera) and non-contributory pensions. In 2016, those two programs accounted for more than two thirds of the reduction in the Gini coefficient due to government transfers. Other transfer programs such as farmland subsidies (Proagro), government scholarships, and non-monetary transfers for medical expenditures have not been as effective.
Book Synopsis Falling Inequality in Latin America by : Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Download or read book Falling Inequality in Latin America written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A study prepared by the United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER)
Book Synopsis Fiscal Redistribution and Income Inequality in Latin America by : Edwin Goni
Download or read book Fiscal Redistribution and Income Inequality in Latin America written by Edwin Goni and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Income inequality in Latin America ranks among the highest in the world. It can be traced back to the unequal distribution of assets (especially land and education) in the region. But the extent to which asset inequality translates into income inequality depends on the redistributive capacity of the state. This paper documents the performance of Latin American fiscal systems from the perspective of income redistribution using newly-available information on the incidence of taxes and transfers across the region. The findings indicate that: (i) the differences in income inequality before taxes and transfers between Latin America and Western Europe are much more modest than those after taxes and transfers; (ii) the key reason is that, in contrast with industrial countries, in most Latin American countries the fiscal system is of little help in reducing income inequality; and (iii) in countries where fiscal redistribution is significant, it is achieved mostly through transfers rather than taxes. These facts stress the need for fiscal reforms across the region to further the goal of social equity. However, different countries need to place different relative emphasis on raising tax collection, restructuring the tax system, and improving the targeting of expenditures.
Book Synopsis How Do Migration and Remittances Affect Inequality? A Case Study of Mexico by : Zsoka Koczan
Download or read book How Do Migration and Remittances Affect Inequality? A Case Study of Mexico written by Zsoka Koczan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poverty-reducing effects of remittances have been well-documented, however, their effects on inequality are less clear. This paper examines the impact of remittances on inequality in Mexico using household-level information on the receiving side. It hopes to speak to their insurance role by examining how remittances are affected by domestic and external crises: the 1994 Mexican Peso crisis and the Global Financial Crisis. We find that remittances lower inequality, and that they become more pro-poor over time as migration opportunities become more widespread. This also strengthens their insurance effects, mitigating some of the negative impact of shocks on the poorest.
Book Synopsis Growth, Equality, and the Mexican Experience by : Morris Singer
Download or read book Growth, Equality, and the Mexican Experience written by Morris Singer and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central to the research that went into the preparation of this monograph is the relationship between economic development and equality. To determine and characterize that relationship Morris Singer focuses on the various components of equality at different stages of development. The author particularly explores the behavior of income distribution, together with its bearing on the components of aggregate demand. Mexico provided an excellent case to examine in depth because of its impressive growth and the fact that it experienced Latin America’s first successful twentieth-century revolution. Although the Revolution of 1910 hastened social equality and introduced other changes that stimulated Mexico’s economic growth, it could not prevent a serious increase in the inequality of income distribution. By the early 1960s the government found it necessary to rectify this increasing imbalance through a program of expenditures designed to counteract widespread poverty and weak aggregate demand. To ward off inflation, this program in turn could be implemented only by tax reform. In discussing the relationship between development and equality in its various dimensions, noneconomic as well as economic, this monograph points out that, at the time of this study, government policies in Mexico were dictated by an elite concerned primarily with the country’s economic advancement. Singer concludes that if programs of government expenditure and tax reform succeed in remedying the inequalities of income distribution, this could gradually make possible the development of a more genuine political as well as economic democracy. This book reflects Singer’s interest in the relationship between equality and development. It is the result of five months of intensive in-residence study in Mexico, financed in part by a grant from the Social Science Research Council.
Book Synopsis Commodity Cycles, Inequality, and Poverty in Latin America by : Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan
Download or read book Commodity Cycles, Inequality, and Poverty in Latin America written by Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-04-26 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decades, inequality has risen not just in advanced economies but also in many emerging market and developing economies, becoming one of the key global policy challenges. And throughout the 20th century, Latin America was associated with some of the world’s highest levels of inequality. Yet something interesting happened in the first decade and a half of the 21st century. Latin America was the only region in the World to have experienced significant declines in inequality in that period. Poverty also fell in Latin America, although this was replicated in other regions, and Latin America started from a relatively low base. Starting around 2014, however, and even before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, poverty and inequality gains had already slowed in Latin America and, in some cases, gone into reverse. And the COVID-19 shock, which is still playing out, is likely to dramatically worsen short-term poverty and inequality dynamics. Against this background, this departmental paper investigates the link between commodity prices, and poverty and inequality developments in Latin America.
Book Synopsis Government at a Glance 2021 by : OECD
Download or read book Government at a Glance 2021 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-09 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2021 edition includes input indicators on public finance and employment; process indicators include data on institutions, budgeting practices, human resources management, regulatory governance, public procurement, governance of infrastructure, public sector integrity, open government and digital government. Outcome indicators cover core government results (e.g. trust, political efficacy, inequality reduction) and indicators on access, responsiveness, quality and satisfaction for the education, health and justice sectors.
Book Synopsis How Mexico's Financial Crisis Affected Income Distribution by : Gladys Lopez Acevedo
Download or read book How Mexico's Financial Crisis Affected Income Distribution written by Gladys Lopez Acevedo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After Mexico's financial crisis in 1994, the distribution of income and labor earnings improved. But financial income and rising labor earnings in higher-income brackets are growing sources of inequality in Mexico.
Book Synopsis How Mexico's Financial Crisis Affected Income Distribution by : Gladys Lopez Acevedo
Download or read book How Mexico's Financial Crisis Affected Income Distribution written by Gladys Lopez Acevedo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After Mexico's financial crisis in 1994, the distribution of income and labor earnings improved. But financial income and rising labor earnings in higher-income brackets are growing sources of inequality in Mexico.
Book Synopsis Declining Inequality in Latin America by : Luis Felipe Lopez-Calva
Download or read book Declining Inequality in Latin America written by Luis Felipe Lopez-Calva and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-08-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and United Nations Development Programme publication Latin America is often singled out for its high and persistent income inequality. Toward the end of the 1990s, however, income concentration began to fall across the region. Of the seventeen countries for which comparable data are available, twelve have experienced a decline, particularly since 2000. This book is among the first efforts to understand what happened in these countries and why. Led by editors Felipe López-Calva and Nora Lustig, a panel of distinguished economists undertakes in-depth analyses of Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. In addition, they provide essential background in the form of overviews of the relationship between markets and inequality, the political economy of redistribution, and the evolution of income inequality in the advanced industrialized economies. Two factors account for much of the decline in inequality: a decrease in the wage gap between skilled and low-skilled labor, and an increase in government transfers targeted to the poor. Thanks to the timeliness and sophistication of these essays, Declining Inequality in Latin America is likely to become a standard reference in its field.
Book Synopsis Changes in the Distribution of Income in México and Trade Liberalization by : Diana Alarcón González
Download or read book Changes in the Distribution of Income in México and Trade Liberalization written by Diana Alarcón González and published by Colegio de La Frontera Norte. This book was released on 1994 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Poverty, Inequality and Wealth Accumulation in Mexico by : M. Székely
Download or read book The Economics of Poverty, Inequality and Wealth Accumulation in Mexico written by M. Székely and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-09-21 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to understand why despite a considerable increase in average income in Mexico during the 1984-1992 period of economic liberalization, the conditions of the poorest of the poor deteriorated and income inequality increased. To explain why some individuals were able to take advantage of the opportunities which the economy was generating, while others were prevented from doing so, the author suggests some methodology to extract additional information from poverty and inequality measures, and test the main theories of household saving behaviour.
Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality by : Ms. Era Dabla-Norris
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms. Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Book Synopsis Reallocating Public Spending to Reduce Income Inequality: Can It Work? by : Djeneba Doumbia
Download or read book Reallocating Public Spending to Reduce Income Inequality: Can It Work? written by Djeneba Doumbia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can a government reduce income inequality by changing the composition of public spending while keeping the total level of expenditure fixed? Using newly assembled data on spending composition for 83 countries across all income groups, this paper shows that reallocating spending toward social protection and infrastructure is associated with reduced income inequality, particularly when it is financed through cuts in defense spending. However, the political and security situation matters. The analysis does not find evidence that lowering defense spending to finance infrastructure and social outlays improves income distribution in countries with weak institutions and at higher risk of conflict. Reallocating social protection and infrastructure spending towards other types of spending tends to increase income inequality. Accounting for the long-term impact of health spending, and particularly education spending, helps to better capture the equalizing effects of these expenditures. The paper includes a discussion of the implications of the findings for Indonesia, a major emerging market where income inequality is at the center of policy issues.
Book Synopsis Designing Fiscal Redistribution: The Role of Universal and Targeted Transfers by : Mr.David Coady
Download or read book Designing Fiscal Redistribution: The Role of Universal and Targeted Transfers written by Mr.David Coady and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing debate on the relative merits of universal and targeted social assistance transfers in achieving income redistribution objectives. While the benefits of targeting are clear, i.e., a larger poverty impact for a given transfer budget or lower fiscal cost for a given poverty impact, in practice targeting also comes with various costs, including incentive, administrative, social and political costs. The appropriate balance between targeted and universal transfers will therefore depend on how countries decide to trade-off these costs and benefits as well as on the potential for redistribution through taxes. This paper discusses the trade-offs that arise in different country contexts and the potential for strengthening fiscal redistribution in advanced and developing countries, including through expanding transfer coverage and progressive tax financing.
