In Vivo and Ex Vivo MRI Studies of an Animal Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Correlated with Histological Analysis

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (664 download)

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Book Synopsis In Vivo and Ex Vivo MRI Studies of an Animal Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Correlated with Histological Analysis by : Lan B. Hoang-Minh

Download or read book In Vivo and Ex Vivo MRI Studies of an Animal Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Correlated with Histological Analysis written by Lan B. Hoang-Minh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide and a significant cause of morbidity in modern society, especially in children and young adults. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common form of symptomatic localization-related human epilepsy and the most common epilepsy syndrome with pharmacologically intractable partial-onset seizures. Patients often have an initial precipitating injury during early childhood, followed by a latent period of up to several years before the emergence of complex partial seizures. Understanding the mechanisms involved during epileptogenesis as well as the consequences of initial injuries is crucial in the diagnosis of epilepsy and development of effective strategies for therapeutic intervention. Whether seizures cause permanent damage to the brain and lead to an epileptic lesion resulting in long-term epilepsy is a subject of controversy. Several cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology studies have reported changes suggestive of seizure-associated damage in animal models. Very few longitudinal studies have been performed to describe acute seizure-associated changes and their evolution over time. Since epileptic conditions in humans develop over long periods of time and have effects extending over many years, clinical studies seeking the causes and mechanisms underlying the development of epilepsy are very difficult and expensive to perform.

Quantitative MRI Correlates of Hippocampal and Neocortical Pathology in Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative MRI Correlates of Hippocampal and Neocortical Pathology in Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by : Maged Goubran

Download or read book Quantitative MRI Correlates of Hippocampal and Neocortical Pathology in Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy written by Maged Goubran and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intractable or drug-resistant epilepsy occurs in over 30% of epilepsy patients, with many of these patients undergoing surgical excision of the affected brain region to achieve seizure control. Advances in MRI have the potential to improve surgical treatment of epilepsy through improved identification and delineation of lesions. However, validation is currently needed to investigate histopathological correlates of these new imaging techniques. The purpose of this work is to investigate histopathological correlates of quantitative relaxometry and DTI from hippocampal and neocortical specimens of intractable TLE patients. To achieve this goal I developed and evaluated a pipeline for histology to in-vivo MRI image registration, which finds dense spatial correspondence between both modalities. This protocol was divided in two steps whereby sparsely sectioned histology from temporal lobe specimens was first registered to the intermediate ex-vivo MRI which is then registered to the in-vivo MRI, completing a pipeline for histology to in-vivo MRI registration. When correlating relaxometry and DTI with neuronal density and morphology in the temporal lobe neocortex, I found T1 to be a predictor of neuronal density in the neocortical GM and demonstrated that employing multi-parametric MRI (combining T1 and FA together) provided a significantly better fit than each parameter alone in predicting density of neurons. This work was the first to relate in-vivo T1 and FA values to the proportion of neurons in GM. When investigating these quantitative multimodal parameters with histological features within the hippocampal subfields, I demonstrated that MD correlates with neuronal density and size, and can act as a marker for neuron integrity within the hippocampus. More importantly, this work was the first to highlight the potential of subfield relaxometry and diffusion parameters (mainly T2 and MD) as well as volumetry in predicting the extent of cell loss per subfield pre-operatively, with a precision so far unachievable. These results suggest that high-resolution quantitative MRI sequences could impact clinical practice for pre-operative evaluation and prediction of surgical outcomes of intractable epilepsy.

The Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsies

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Publisher : John Libbey Eurotext
ISBN 13 : 2742007717
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsies by : Felix Rosenow

Download or read book The Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsies written by Felix Rosenow and published by John Libbey Eurotext. This book was released on 2010 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is the result of a recently held International Epilepsy Colloquium on the mesial temporal lobe epilepsies (MTLE) which covered all aspects of this specific group of syndromes (or constellations), from animal model to treatment strategies. Written by international experts from different fields, it aims to provide professionals from neuroscientists to clinical neurologists, neurosurgeons and neuropaedia-tricians dealing with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, with a concise overview on the current body of knowledge and on emerging concepts and findings.

Corrigendum: Histological Correlates of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Microscopy in a Mouse Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Corrigendum: Histological Correlates of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Microscopy in a Mouse Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by : Katharina Göbel-Guéniot

Download or read book Corrigendum: Histological Correlates of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Microscopy in a Mouse Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy written by Katharina Göbel-Guéniot and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123972825
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord by : Julien Cohen-Adad

Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord written by Julien Cohen-Adad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord is the first book focused on quantitative MRI techniques with specific application to the human spinal cord. This work includes coverage of diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, relaxometry, functional MRI, and spectroscopy. Although these methods have been successfully used in the brain for the past 20 years, their application in the spinal cord remains problematic due to important acquisition challenges (such as small cross-sectional size, motion, and susceptibility artifacts). To date, there is no consensus on how to apply these techniques; this book reviews and synthesizes state-of-the-art methods so users can successfully apply them to the spinal cord. Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord introduces the theory behind each quantitative technique, reviews each theory’s applications in the human spinal cord and describes its pros and cons, and suggests a simple protocol for applying each quantitative technique to the spinal cord. Chapters authored by international experts in the field of MRI of the spinal cord Contains “cooking recipes —examples of imaging parameters for each quantitative technique—designed to aid researchers and clinicians in using them in practice Ideal for clinical settings

The Relationship of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 (MgluR5) Availability with Hypometabolism in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Relationship of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 (MgluR5) Availability with Hypometabolism in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by : Jackie Lam

Download or read book The Relationship of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 (MgluR5) Availability with Hypometabolism in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy written by Jackie Lam and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients identifies glucose hypometabolism in the epileptic focus and beyond, including the temporal neocortex. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still poorly understood. It is thought disruptions of glutamate cycling, which is coupled to glucose utilization, may be related. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is a G-protein coupled receptor that shows upregulation in immunohistochemistry studies of hippocampi resected from MTLE patients. However, ex vivo studies are limited as they are conducted in drug-resistant patients needing surgery and convey information only on the seizure focus. [11C]ABP688 is a PET radioligand specific for the allosteric site of mGluR5, allowing for non-invasive in vivo whole brain quantification of mGluR5 availability. In this study, we determined if [11C]ABP688 binding abnormalities are more specific and focal than hypometabolism within the epileptic focus of MTLE patients and whether [11C]ABP688 binding abnormalities can be detected at a higher magnification in different hippocampal subfields as described in a immunohistochemistry study by Kandratavicius et al., 2013. Thirty one unilateral MTLE patients (13 right; 24 female; 40±14 yrs) and 30 healthy controls (12 female; 47±18 yrs) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and PET imaging with injection of [11C]ABP688; a subset of 15 patients also underwent [18F]FDG PET. Patients were classified as "normal volume" (NV) or "hippocampal atrophy" (HA) based on their degree of hippocampal volume and asymmetry. We compared partial volume corrected [11C]ABP688 non-displaceable binding potentials (BPND) between patients and controls in regions of interest (ROIs) in mesial temporal structures, temporal neocortex, and hippocampal subfields. For the subset of patients with [18F]FDG data, we performed asymmetry analyses and correlated [11C]ABP688 BPND and [18F]FDG standard uptake value ratios (SUVr) to determine if changes in one are associated with changes in the other. Finally, we compared mGluR5 availability with mGluR5 immunoreactivity (IR) in hippocampal subfields.mGluR5 availability was reduced in the hippocampal head and amygdala of patients compared to controls, with reductions also seen in the temporal neocortex in HA patients only. Patients who were seizure-free following surgery had lower [11C]ABP688 BPND in the ipsilateral hippocampal head and entorhinal cortex than patients who were not seizure-free. [18F]FDG hypometabolism was widespread in ROIs ipsilateral to the focus, while [11C]ABP688 BPND reductions were more prominent and more focal in the hippocampal head. Correlation between [11C]ABP688 BPND and [18F]FDG SUVr in presumably healthy supramarginal gyrus was low, while trends for positive correlations in both ipsilateral and contralateral mesial temporal and cortical regions were found, significant only in contralateral entorhinal cortex and in ipsilateral insula and temporal lobe. [11C]ABP688 PET subfield analyses demonstrated that in vivo reduced mGluR5 availability contrasted to reported ex vivo increased mGluR5 IR. This study is among the first to characterize mGluR5 availability in MTLE patients using [11C]ABP688 PET. [11C]ABP688 BPND reductions in the epileptic focus contrasting to previously reported increased mGluR5 IR in resected tissue suggests that overexpressed mGluR5 in the focus might be internalized or subject to other conditions impacting the binding of the radioligand to the allosteric site. Prominent and focal [11C]ABP688 BPND abnormalities supports mGluR5 imaging as a more specific biomarker for the seizure focus than hypometabolism that may help to predict post-surgical success. Trends for positive association between [18F]FDG SUVr and mGluR5 availability within the MTLE network might further support post-synaptic glutamatergic neurotransmission modulation underlying hypometabolism in MTLE." --

Seizures and Epilepsy

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019532854X
Total Pages : 737 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Seizures and Epilepsy by : Jerome Engel Jr

Download or read book Seizures and Epilepsy written by Jerome Engel Jr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of 'Seizures and Epilepsy' is completely revised, due to tremendous advances in the understanding of the fundamental neuronal mechanisms underlying epileptic phenomena, as well as current diagnosis and treatment, which have been heavily influenced over the past several decades by seminal neuroscientific developments, particularly the introduction of molecular neurobiology, genetics, and modern neuroimaging. This resource covers a broad range of both basic and clinical epileptology.

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128170581
Total Pages : 1094 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Nicole Seiberlich

Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches

Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy

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Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781097268511
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy by : Beller Health

Download or read book Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy written by Beller Health and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Book 9 focuses on a new dementia type, LATE, mistaken as Alzheimer's disease until now.LATE stands for Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, the protein buildup responsible for this dementia. This book is organic, like the series, meaning we never consider our books as finished. Science evolves, which is why our books go through continuous updates. Since LATE is a new dementia classification, we expect continuous further information to emerge. Watch Amazon alerts for potential digital updates. We provide free digital copies on all paperback purchases, so everybody receives free updates.

Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology

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Publisher : Thieme
ISBN 13 : 9781588901125
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology by : Klaus Sartor

Download or read book Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology written by Klaus Sartor and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2002 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroradiology is evolving at a pace far quicker than any other specialty. It's important for specialists to have detailed knowledge of the newest advances, including state-of-the-art imaging techniques. In this abundantly illustrated text, you'll find the latest information on diseases, imaging principles, differential diagnosis, treatment strategies, and much more! This book is designed to help you easily apply theoretical concepts to your daily practice. It offers a clear and concise review of the most important neuroradiologic approaches to a variety of disorders. Key points are highlighted throughout the text, providing rapid access to the information you need. Residents and experienced practitioners alike will benefit from the wealth of information this book provides. Key benefits: Up-to-the-minute analysis on the newest imaging techniques Detailed review of the use of MRI to measure brain maturation Extensively illustrated to enhance understanding of difficult concepts Most important information is boxed and shaded for emphasis--ideal for board preparation An indispensable aid in clinical settings, NEURORADIOLOGY is an excellent guide to image interpretation as well as a valuable reference for residents preparing for the boards.

Atlas of the Human Brainstem

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080925219
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Atlas of the Human Brainstem by : George Paxinos

Download or read book Atlas of the Human Brainstem written by George Paxinos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work on the human brainstem has been impeded by the unavailability of a comprehensive diagrammatic and photographic atlas. In the authors' preliminary work on the morphology of the human brainstem (The Human Nervous System, 1990), Paxinos et al demonstrated that it is possible to use chemoarchitecture to establish a number of human homologs in structures known to exist in the rat, the most extensively studied species. Now, with the first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years, the authors present an accurate, comprehensive, and convenient reference for students, researchers, and pathologists. Key Features * The first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years * Delineated as accurately as The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Second Edition (Paxinos/Watson, 1986), the most cited book in neuroscience * Based on a single brain from a 59-year-old male with no medical history of neurological or psychiatric illness * Represents all areas of the medulla, pons, and midbrain in the plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the brainstem * Consists of 64 plates and 64 accompanying diagrams with an interplate distance of half a millimeter * The photographs are of Nissl and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stained sections at alternate levels * Establishes systematically the human homologs to nuclei identified in the brainstem of the rat Reviewed by leading neuroanatomists * An accurate and convenient guide for students, researchers, and pathologists

Introduction to Epilepsy

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521691583
Total Pages : 641 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (216 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Epilepsy by : Gonzalo Alarcón

Download or read book Introduction to Epilepsy written by Gonzalo Alarcón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers all aspects of epilepsy, from basic mechanisms to diagnosis and management, as well as legal and social considerations.

Diffusion MRI

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199708703
Total Pages : 784 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Diffusion MRI by : Derek K Jones

Download or read book Diffusion MRI written by Derek K Jones and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Derek Jones, a world authority on diffusion MRI, has assembled most of the world's leading scientists and clinicians developing and applying diffusion MRI to produce an authorship list that reads like a "Who's Who" of the field and an essential resource for those working with diffusion MRI. Destined to be a modern classic, this definitive and richly illustrated work covers all aspects of diffusion MRI from basic theory to clinical application. Oxford Clinical Neuroscience is a comprehensive, cross-searchable collection of resources offering quick and easy access to eleven of Oxford University Press's prestigious neuroscience texts. Joining Oxford Medicine Online these resources offer students, specialists and clinical researchers the best quality content in an easy-to-access format.

Cerebral Cortex

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195385152
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Cortex by : Deepak N. Pandya

Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Deepak N. Pandya and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides a new view of the organization of the cerebral cortex. It explores the underlying principle of the organization of the cerebral cortex using the dual nature of the origin of the cerebral cortex. Cerebral Cortex provides a different way of understanding the current behavioral studies, neuroimaging observations, and promises a new approach to future studies.

Basic Science of PET Imaging

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319400703
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Science of PET Imaging by : Magdy M. Khalil

Download or read book Basic Science of PET Imaging written by Magdy M. Khalil and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a wide-ranging and up-to-date overview of the basic science underlying PET and its preclinical and clinical applications in modern medicine. In addition, it provides the reader with a sound understanding of the scientific principles and use of PET in routine practice and biomedical imaging research. The opening sections address the fundamental physics, radiation safety, CT scanning dosimetry, and dosimetry of PET radiotracers, chemistry and regulation of PET radiopharmaceuticals, with information on labeling strategies, tracer quality control, and regulation of radiopharmaceutical production in Europe and the United States. PET physics and instrumentation are then discussed, covering the basic principles of PET and PET scanning systems, hybrid PET/CT and PET/MR imaging, system calibration, acceptance testing, and quality control. Subsequent sections focus on image reconstruction, processing, and quantitation in PET and hybrid PET and on imaging artifacts and correction techniques, with particular attention to partial volume correction and motion artifacts. The book closes by examining clinical applications of PET and hybrid PET and their physiological and/or molecular basis in conjunction with technical foundations in the disciplines of oncology, cardiology and neurology, PET in pediatric malignancy and its role in radiotherapy treatment planning. Basic Science of PET Imaging will meet the needs of nuclear medicine practitioners, other radiology specialists, and trainees in these fields.

The Temporal Lobe and Limbic System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 896 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Temporal Lobe and Limbic System by : Pierre Gloor

Download or read book The Temporal Lobe and Limbic System written by Pierre Gloor and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the detailed anatomy, physiology, and clinical aspects of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, this monograph makes a timely appearance because of the widespread interest in this subject in relation to epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. The structural and functional information serves as an important foundation for the detailed anatomical knowledge necessary for the interpretation of imaging. The components of the temporal lobe are characterized. The temporal isocortex is considered from the point of view of its principal cellular constituents, connectivity, columnar organization, and how the cortex embodies experience. The cortical association areas for vision, audition, degustation, visceral sensory function, and olfaction are treated in detail, and the cortical area of the temporal lobe relating to speech is discussed. The structure of the insula, the temporal cortex, and its connectivity to the thalamus, pulvinar, striatum, and claustrum are described thoroughly. A chapter reviews the structure, connections and functions of the olfactory system, as well as its social aspects and pathological conditions. The largest chapter deals with the hippocampus--its anatomy and connections, its cellular architectonics, its relation to memory, and its varied functions. The final chapter details the amygdala, its connections, and its significant role in temporal lobe seizures.

MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420019937
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery by : Ferenc A. Jolesz

Download or read book MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery written by Ferenc A. Jolesz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery will be the first publication on this new technology, and will present a variety of current and future clinical applications in tumor ablation treatment. This source helps surgeons and specialists evaluate, analyze, and utilize MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery - bridging the gap between phase 3 clinical tr