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In Situ Substrate Addition To Create Reactive Zones For Treatment Of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Cost And Performance Report
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Book Synopsis In-situ Substrate Addition to Create Reactive Zones for Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Cost and Performance Report by :
Download or read book In-situ Substrate Addition to Create Reactive Zones for Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Cost and Performance Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated solvent contamination of groundwater is a widespread problem at many military and civilian facilities. This class of compounds includes widely used chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH) such as carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, trichloroethane, trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene. In addition to their roles in many industrial processes, CAHs have been used extensively for cleaning and degreasing. The U.S. Armed Forces are faced with widespread, costly remediation problems related to these compounds. The conventional remedies for CAH contamination in groundwater are groundwater extraction and ex situ treatment, also known as pump and treat, or in situ air sparging. An alternative approach is anaerobic in situ reactive zone (IRZ) technology for the remediation of CAHs and metals. Anaerobic IRZ technology involves the addition of a food grade, soluble carbohydrate substrate, which serves as a supplemental energy source for microbiological processes in the subsurface. The substrate is typically molasses, but other substrates can be used, including high fructose corn syrup, whey, etc. Through subsurface carbohydrate injection, aerobic or mildly anoxic aquifers can be altered to highly anaerobic reactive zones. This creates suitable conditions for the biodegradation of CAHs and/or the precipitation of selected metals in insoluble forms. This technology is more specifically referred to as enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) for CAHs or enhanced anaerobic reductive precipitation (EARP) for metals. The primary benefits of ERD technology include its ease of regulatory acceptance, its in situ nature and its relatively low cost. Benefits of ERD technology include its record of successful application at various constituent concentrations, in varied geologies, and under multiple regulatory programs.
Book Synopsis Contaminated Land Management by : Judith Nathanail
Download or read book Contaminated Land Management written by Judith Nathanail and published by EPP Publications. This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technology Application for Enhanced in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Via Organic Substrate Addition for Landfill No. 1 (LF-08) by : Parsons Engineering Science, Inc
Download or read book Technology Application for Enhanced in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Via Organic Substrate Addition for Landfill No. 1 (LF-08) written by Parsons Engineering Science, Inc and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation by : Robert L. Siegrist
Download or read book In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation written by Robert L. Siegrist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications.
Book Synopsis Engineered Approaches to in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents by :
Download or read book Engineered Approaches to in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Field Evaluation of In-situ Biotrmediation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by : David Kosson
Download or read book Field Evaluation of In-situ Biotrmediation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons written by David Kosson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Groundwater and Soil Cleanup by : National Research Council
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Book Synopsis Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation by : Arun R. Gavaskar
Download or read book Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation written by Arun R. Gavaskar and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the limitations of conventional pump-and-treat systems in treating groundwater contaminants, permeable barriers are potentially more cost-effective than pump-and-treat systems for treating dissolved chlorinated solvent plumes, which may persist in the saturated zone for several decades. Other contaminants, such as chromium or other soluble heavy metals, can also be treated with this technology. Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation discusses the types of permeable barriers, their design and construction, and how they can be monitored to evaluate compliance. It provides practical guidance on reactive media selection, treatability testing, hydrogeologic and geochemical modeling, and innovative installation techniques for the evaluation and application of this promising new technology. The types of permeable barriers discussed include: trench-type and caisson-based reactive cells; innovative emplacements, such as horizontal trenching and jetting; and continuous reactive barriers versus funnel-and-gate systems.
Book Synopsis In-Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material by : Robert D. Norris
Download or read book In-Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material written by Robert D. Norris and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed background of the technologies available for the bioremediation of contaminated soil & ground water. Prepared for scientists, consultants, regulatory personnel, & others who are associated in some way with the restoration of soil & ground water at hazardous waste sites. Also provides insights to emerging technologies which are at the research level of formation, ranging from theoretical concepts, through bench scale inquiries, to limited field-scale investigations. 95 tables & figures.
Book Synopsis Contaminants in the Subsurface by : National Research Council
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Book Synopsis Cost and Performance Report for Reductive Anaerobic Biological in Situ Treatment Technology (RABITT) Treatability Testing by :
Download or read book Cost and Performance Report for Reductive Anaerobic Biological in Situ Treatment Technology (RABITT) Treatability Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced biological reductive dechlorination (EBRD) shows a great deal of promise for efficiently treating groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents, but demonstration sites around the country were reporting mixed results. Because individual demonstrations commonly used dissimilar methods, the limitations of the technology were not clear and its applicability at any given site was unknown. As a result, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) invested in the development of a standardized protocol to test the technology's effectiveness at any site. A draft protocol was developed that included microcosm and field-testing and an extensive array of sampling and monitoring. Once developed, the draft protocol was applied at four sites to evaluate its overall effectiveness. Data generated at the four sites was used to refine the protocol by eliminating less valuable components while maintaining a testing methodology that provides scientifically defensible data that would satisfy the regulatory community at a reasonable cost. Microcosm testing was used to evaluate the performance of a suite of electron donors, which included yeast extract, lactate, butyrate, benzoic acid, propionic add, and acetic acid. The testing examined the rate, onset, and extent of dechlorination as well as donor fermentation pathways. Microcosm testing data revealed an apparently heterogeneous distribution of dechlorinating organisms within individual sites, and that most electron donors will eventually yield the same dechlorination endpoint, though the onset and rate of dechlorination may differ significantly. The electron donor showing the most rapid and complete dechlorination in microcosm studies (usually butyrate) was used in the four 6-month field demonstrations. Reductive dechlorination was stimulated at all four field sites.
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup by : National Research Council
Download or read book Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There may be nearly 300,000 waste sites in the United States where ground water and soil are contaminated. Yet recent studies question whether existing technologies can restore contaminated ground water to drinking water standards, which is the goal for most sites and the result expected by the public. How can the nation balance public health, technological realities, and cost when addressing ground water cleanup? This new volume offers specific conclusions, outlines research needs, and recommends policies that are technologically sound while still protecting health and the environment. Authored by the top experts from industry and academia, this volume: Examines how the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the subsurface environment, as well as the properties of contaminants, complicate the cleanup task. Reviews the limitations of widely used conventional pump-and-treat cleanup systems, including detailed case studies. Evaluates a range of innovative cleanup technologies and the barriers to their full implementation. Presents specific recommendations for policies and practices in evaluating contamination sites, in choosing remediation technologies, and in setting appropriate cleanup goals.
Book Synopsis Engineered Approaches to In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents: Fundamentals and Field Applications by :
Download or read book Engineered Approaches to In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents: Fundamentals and Field Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogenated volatile organic compounds, including chlorinated solvents, are the most frequently-occurring type of soil and groundwater contaminant at Superfund and other hazardous waste sites in the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that, over the next several decades, site owners will spend billions of dollars to clean up these sites. New technologies that are less costly and more effective are needed to accomplish hazardous waste site remediation. As these new and innovative technologies are being developed and used, site managers require information on how they work, their performance to date, and how to evaluate their application at a particular site. This report provides an overview of the fundamentals and field applications of in situ bioremediation to remediate chlorinated solvents in contaminated soil and groundwater. In situ treatment is increasingly being selected to remediate sites because it is usually less expensive, and does not require waste extraction or excavation. In addition, in situ bioremediation is more publicly acceptable than above-ground technologies because it relies on natural processes to treat contaminants. This document presents information at a level of detail intended to familiarize federal and state project managers, permit writers, technology users, and contractors with in situ bioremediation. The report describes how chlorinated solvents are degraded, how to enhance the process by the addition of various materials and chemicals, design configurations, and the typical steps taken to evaluate technology feasibility at a specific site. It also includes a list of technology vendors and nine case studies of field applications. It is important to note that this report cannot be used as the sole basis for determining this technology's applicability to a specific site.
Book Synopsis Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation by : Bernard H. Kueper
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Book Synopsis In Situ Chemical Oxidation Initiative by :
Download or read book In Situ Chemical Oxidation Initiative written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) are designed to develop and transition innovative research and technology to help the Department of Defense (DoD) perform its mission in several environmental thrust areas. Environmental cleanup is one of these thrust areas. While DoD facilities may have several contaminants, chlorinated solvents are by far the most prevalent. These compounds, which collectively may be categorized as chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), continue to be difficult to remediate, despite several years of research and development. Cleanup is particularly difficult at sites containing CAH as dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) where the DNAPL serves as a continuing long-term source of dissolved-phase groundwater contamination. In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) has been rapidly adopted as a remediation technology for CAHs, and more recently for DNAPL source zones. This report reviews the technical basis for funding priorities, highlights the scope and objectives of the individual projects, and summarizes their progress in advancing the understanding of key ISCO issues. ISCO involves injection of strong oxidants into the contaminated subsurface, in some cases with other chemicals that function as catalysts. The oxidants chemically break down CAHs upon contact to inert materials such as carbon dioxide, chloride and water. Chloroethenes are particularly susceptible to chemical oxidation. Several oxidants have been tried, but most commercial applications have used either hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate in the saturated zone and either hydrogen peroxide or ozone for the vadose zone.
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites by : National Research Council
Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Book Synopsis Bioremediation of Agricultural Soils by : Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez
Download or read book Bioremediation of Agricultural Soils written by Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of agricultural soils are always under threat from chemical contaminants, which ultimately affect the productivity and safety of crops. Besides agrochemicals, a new generation of substances invades the soil through irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and pollutants of organic origin such as sewage sludge or cattle manure. Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials and microplastics are now present in agricultural soils, but the understanding of their impact on soil quality is still limited. With focus on in situ bioremediation, this book provides an exhaustive analysis of the current biological methodologies for recovering polluted agricultural soils as well as monitoring the effectiveness of bioremediation.
