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Author : Robert A. Reis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (345 download)
Download or read book In-service Performance of Epoxy Coated Steel Reinforcement in Bridge Decks written by Robert A. Reis and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In-service Performance of Epoxy Coated Steel Reinforcement in Bridge Decks written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gerald R. Perregaux
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (468 download)
Download or read book In-service Performance of Epoxy-coated Steel Reinforcement in Bridge Decks written by Gerald R. Perregaux and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kenneth C. Clear
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 9780309053709
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (537 download)
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Highway Bridges written by Kenneth C. Clear and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (436 download)
Download or read book Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the corrosion protection performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel (ECR) was evaluated using approximately 250 concrete cores from 18 bridge decks in Virginia. The decks were 2 to 20 years old at the time of the investigation. The deck field inspections included a crack survey and cover depth determination in the right traffic lane. A maximum of 12 cores with the top reinforcement randomly located in the lowest 12th percentile cover depth were taken from each bridge deck. Because of the safety concerns associated with taking cores from the lower steel mat, and to minimize damage to the bridge, a maximum of only 3 cores were taken through the truss bars. The laboratory evaluation of the concrete cores included a visual examination and a determination of the carbonation depth, moisture content, absorption, percent saturation, and chloride content at a 13-mm depth. The rapid chloride permeability test was also performed for the surface and base concrete on samples obtained from the cores taken through the truss bars to determine chloride permeability. The ECR inspection consisted of a visual examination, a damage evaluation, and a determination of coating thickness and adhesion. The condition of the steel underneath the epoxy coating was also evaluated. Adhesion loss of the epoxy coating to the steel surface was detected in all but one deck that was 4 years old and older. The epoxy coatings were debonding from the reinforcing bars. Whereas a bonded coating can be expected to protect the steel, a debonded coating allows chlorides, moisture, and oxygen to reach the steel and initiate a rapid corrosion mechanism. Reinforcing bars in various stages of adhesion loss showed visible signs of a corrosion process underneath the coating, suggesting that ECR will provide little or no additional service life for concrete bridge decks in comparison to bare steel. Other systems that will provide longer protection against chloride-induced corrosion of the reinforcing steel with a higher degree of reliability should be considered.
Author : Richard E. Weyers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Summary Report on the Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia written by Richard E. Weyers and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1992 to 2006, the Virginia Transportation Research Council and its contract researchers conducted a long-term systematic series of investigations to evaluate the corrosion protection effectiveness of epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) and to identify and recommend the best and most cost-effective corrosion protection system for Virginia bridge decks. This report summarizes this research and subsequent efforts to implement alternative reinforcement. The work was conducted, and is reported, in this general order: review of historical performance of ECR, ECR performance in solutions and concrete, and preliminary field investigations; investigation of field performance of bridge decks built with ECR; assessment of alternative corrosion protection methods; development of probabilistic service life models for bridge decks and laboratory assessment of ECR cores extracted from bridge decks to determine service life extension; efforts to implement alternative reinforcement. The series of studies demonstrated that the epoxy coating on ECR naturally degrades in the highly alkaline moist environment within concrete. The subsequent loss of bond, coupled with the inevitable flaws in the coating induced by construction, leads to an estimated service life benefit of ECR of as little as 3 to 5 years. Further, non-critical decks, beams, and substructure elements not exposed to marine environments, particularly on secondary and rural routes, can be cost-effectively constructed and maintained using low-permeability concrete and black reinforcing bar. However, because the Federal Highway Administration requires the use of corrosion-resistant reinforcement, and because ECR cannot provide adequate corrosion protection for structures designed for a 100-year+ service life as currently recommended by FHWA, the report recommends that the Virginia Department of Transportation amend its specifications regarding the use of ECR to require the use of corrosion-resistant metallic reinforcing bars such as MMFX2, stainless steel clad, and solid stainless steel.
Author : Lisa M. Samples
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Methods of Corrosion Protection and Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with Epoxy-coated Bars - Phase I written by Lisa M. Samples and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Han-Ching Wu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (424 download)
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcement in Iowa Bridge Decks written by Han-Ching Wu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete bridge decks subjected to corrosive environment, due to the application of de-icing chemical, could deteriorate at a rapid rate. In an effort to minimize corrosion of the reinforcement and the corresponding delaminations and spalls, the Iowa Department of Transportation (IADOT) started using epoxy-coated rebars (ECR) in the top mat of reinforcing around 1976 and in both mats about 10 years later. The ultimate objective of this research was to determine the impact of deck cracking on durability and estimate the remaining functional service life of a bridge deck. The overall objectives of this work were obtained by conducting a literature review, visually inspecting several bridge decks, collecting and sampling test cores from cracked and uncracked areas of bridge decks, determining the extent to which epoxy coated rebars deteriorate at the site of cracks, and evaluating the impact of cracking on service life.
Author : José Antonio Pincheira
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars written by José Antonio Pincheira and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this investigation was to conduct an in-depth study to determine the level of corrosion protection offered by epoxy-coated bars in four bridge decks in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area. The bridges studied were built between 1973 and 1978 and all decks had a top mat built with epoxy-coated bars. The bottom mat was epoxy-coated in only one deck whereas black steel was used for the bottom mat in the other bridges. These bridges had been assessed in 1996 and thus, the present study is a follow up investigation to obtain data and assess the field performance of epoxy-coated bars over a period of approximately 30 years. The investigation included field inspection and surveys of the decks, as well as laboratory tests of concrete core and bar samples. After 30 years of service, the overall condition of the epoxy-coated bars is good to very good, with no or modest levels of corrosion activity. In only one bridge, corrosion activity appears to be moderate to severe. The majority of corroded bars were found near joints or at crack locations. The amount of delamination in all decks is very low.
Author : Ronnie L. McCrum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (355 download)
Download or read book A Comparison of the Corrosion Performance of Uncoated, Galvanized, and Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Bridge Decks written by Ronnie L. McCrum and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780779403370
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Steel Reinforcement in the Deck of the Perley Bridge written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : MC. Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Service Life Extension of Virginia Bridge Decks Afforded by Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement written by MC. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted on concrete core samples each containing a single top-mat reinforcing steel bar from ten bridge decks in Virginia. Two of the bridges contained conventional, uncoated mild reinforcing steel (Bare), and eight of the bridges were constructed with epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR). The bridges ranged in age from 4 to 18 years, and were built under same specifications for concrete water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and cover depth. In the laboratory, the subject cores were prepared and corrosion activity was monitored via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy while subject to cyclic ponding of a 3 % NaCl solution over a 22-month exposure period. The relative corrosion performance of the Bare and ECR bars were evaluated, by comparison of the time to corrosion initiation and time to failure, as designated by visible cracking of the concrete cover. A stochastic model was employed, using bootstrap resampling techniques, to project the corrosion protection service life extension provided by epoxy-coated reinforcement as compared to Bare steel for the population of Virginia bridge decks. Less than 25 % of all Virginia bridge decks built under specifications in place since 1981 were projected to corrode sufficiently to require rehabilitation within 100 years, regardless of bar type. The corrosion service life extension attributable to ECR in bridge decks was found to be approximately 5 years beyond that of Bare steel.
Author : W. Pyc
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (439 download)
Download or read book Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks written by W. Pyc and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jeffrey L. Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (883 download)
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy Coated Rebars in Bridge Decks written by Jeffrey L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : H. G. Russell
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309070112
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Concrete Bridge Deck Performance written by H. G. Russell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Author : J. L. Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (353 download)
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy Coated Rebars in Bridge Decks written by J. L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epoxy coated rebar (ECR) was introduced in the mid 1970s as a means to minimize concrete deterioration caused by corrosion of the reinforcing steel and to extend the useful life of highway structures. This report summarizes the results of investigations performed by highway agencies in the United States and Canada, academia, and the Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program to evaluate the performance of ECR. A total of 92 bridge decks, two bridge barrier rails, and one noise barrier rail was evaluated in the States of California, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, and the provinces of Alberta, Nova Scotia, and Ontario.
Author : James P. Donnelly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (857 download)
Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Iowa Bridge Decks Constructed with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars written by James P. Donnelly and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epoxy coatings have been used on the embedded reinforcing bars of bridge decks since the mid-1970s to mitigate deterioration caused by chloride-induced corrosion. The use of chloride-based deicers became common in the early 1960s and caused corrosion of conventional uncoated bars in bridge decks within 5 to 10 years of commencement of deicer applications. In response to this rapid deterioration, the National Bureau of Standards researched coatings to protect the reinforcement (National Bureau of Standards, 1975), resulting in the development of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars, which were used in bridge decks beginning in 1973. While corrosion-related deterioration has been prevalent on bridge decks with uncoated reinforcing bars in northern climates where the use of deicing salts is common, bridge decks constructed after 1973 with epoxy-coated reinforcing have shown good corrosion resistance with only limited exceptions. On the whole, previous laboratory and field studies regarding the performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars are very promising; however, some laboratory and field studies have yielded differing results. In recent years, maintenance personnel for the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) have reportedly performed patch repairs to some bridge decks reinforced with epoxy-coated bars. At one such bridge, the southbound US 65 bridge (Bridge No. 7788.5L065) over the Union Pacific Railroad near Bondurant in Polk County, Iowa, deck repairs were performed by Iowa DOT maintenance personnel in the Spring of 2010, based on our communications regarding this topic with Mr. Gordon Port of the Iowa DOT. These repairs were observed by engineers from the Iowa DOT Office of Bridges and Structures, who reported that significant corrosion was found at a number of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars uncovered during this patch work. These repairs were reportedly performed at spalls and delaminated areas corresponding to cracks over transverse reinforcing bars, and involved careful removal of the concrete from over the bars. Figures 1 through 4 contain photographs provided by Iowa DOT personnel showing the removal process (Figure 1), the conditions encountered (Figures 2 and 3), and close-up views of the corroded reinforcing (Figure 4). As a result of these observations, the Iowa Department of Transportation has requested this study to gain further understanding of the long-term performance of bridge decks reinforced with epoxy-coated bars. The two main objectives of this study are to determine the long-term effectiveness of the epoxy coatings and to determine the potential causes for the deterioration at locations where corrosion has occurred. Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE) and the Iowa DOT identified eight different bridge decks across Iowa for this study that were constructed using epoxy-coated reinforcing bars. A field investigation consisting of visual inspections, a delamination survey, a concrete cover survey, electrical testing for susceptibility to corrosion, and concrete sampling was conducted within a survey area deemed to be representative of the condition of each bridge deck. Laboratory testing, including chloride ion content testing, characterization of the extracted bars, petrographic examination of the concrete, and carbonation testing, was conducted on the core samples taken from each bridge deck.
