Pedagogy and Practice

Download Pedagogy and Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446202631
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pedagogy and Practice by : Patricia Murphy

Download or read book Pedagogy and Practice written by Patricia Murphy and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book foregrounds pedagogy in a way that challenges readers to reflect on themselves as teachers and learners, and to be reflexive about their own practices and contexts. Learning involves a transformation of identity which occurs through negotiation and repositioning, through new ways of relating, and through different ways of participating in practices. This book examines the meaning and implications for pedagogy in educational and workplace settings, and the role of the teacher in this sociocultural view of learning. By illustrating the mediated nature of agency and identity, the chapters (re)conceptualise the teacher and the learner and show different ways of supporting learning and being a teacher. The settings represented range from nursery to university and from out-of-school to insitutionally-based and work place situations. Curricular aspects represented include popular culture, critical literacy, multimodality, the arts, and new technologies. Teachers and student teachers, as learners, are also represented in the accounts assembled. The book takes a sociocultural view of learning and considers the pedagogical implications of this view. It explores different meanings of pedagogy and considers notions of cultural bridging and the processess of transforming identities. The contributions challenge ways of thinking about practice, both teaching and assessment, and argue for practices that bridge between learners′ worlds, their communities and educational institutions. Drawing on the international literature, this book will be essential reading for students of curriculum learning and assessment in all sectors from pre-primary to further and higher education. It is suitable as a core text for masters and taught doctorate programmes. It will also be of interest to a wide range of professionals involved with curriculum, learning and the practice of teaching and assessment. This book is relevant to those in work-based and professional education and training, and in informal educational settings, as well as traditional educational institutions at all levels. A unique collection in a field that is underrepresented, it will also be of interest to an academic audience.

Teaching Selves

Download Teaching Selves PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791490475
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Teaching Selves by : Jane Danielewicz

Download or read book Teaching Selves written by Jane Danielewicz and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2001 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title This is a book about how identities arise, in particular, about how individuals "become" teachers, and how pedagogy in teacher education programs can promote identity development. Teaching Selves argues that being a teacher is not a matter of simply adopting a role but rather involves the construction of an identity as a teacher. Focusing on identity, the book tells the stories of six undergraduate students enrolled in a secondary teacher education program at a large state university. Through a qualitative study made up of interviews, observations, and teaching experiences with the subjects over a three-year period, the author explains the process of becoming a teacher, concentrating on the influences of education courses and other features of the teacher education program. Filled with students' stories and personal reflections from the author, Teaching Selves offers a personal vision of what is possible in a very public endeavor—the education of new teachers.

Identity and Pedagogy in Higher Education

Download Identity and Pedagogy in Higher Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1441184341
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Identity and Pedagogy in Higher Education by : Kalwant Bhopal

Download or read book Identity and Pedagogy in Higher Education written by Kalwant Bhopal and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-02-28 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kalwant Bhopal and Patrick Danaher examine 'race', identity and gender within education and explore the difficulties of relating these concepts to the experience of students in higher education. In drawing together the experience of local and international students in the UK and in Australia, they examine the ways identities are understood and conceptualized within higher education in local contexts and on a global level. They consider the complexity of 'race', gender and identity in relation to education within the context that education continues to be dominated by predominantly white, middle class values and perspectives. Identity and Pedagogy in Higher Education examines the extent to which education as a vehicle for change in the light of the controversial debates surrounding race and gender inequalities.

Identity and Pedagogy in a University Context

Download Identity and Pedagogy in a University Context PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (861 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Identity and Pedagogy in a University Context by : Shirin Housee

Download or read book Identity and Pedagogy in a University Context written by Shirin Housee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Linguistic Justice

Download Linguistic Justice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351376705
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Linguistic Justice by : April Baker-Bell

Download or read book Linguistic Justice written by April Baker-Bell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together theory, research, and practice to dismantle Anti-Black Linguistic Racism and white linguistic supremacy, this book provides ethnographic snapshots of how Black students navigate and negotiate their linguistic and racial identities across multiple contexts. By highlighting the counterstories of Black students, Baker-Bell demonstrates how traditional approaches to language education do not account for the emotional harm, internalized linguistic racism, or consequences these approaches have on Black students' sense of self and identity. This book presents Anti-Black Linguistic Racism as a framework that explicitly names and richly captures the linguistic violence, persecution, dehumanization, and marginalization Black Language-speakers endure when using their language in schools and in everyday life. To move toward Black linguistic liberation, Baker-Bell introduces a new way forward through Antiracist Black Language Pedagogy, a pedagogical approach that intentionally and unapologetically centers the linguistic, cultural, racial, intellectual, and self-confidence needs of Black students. This volume captures what Antiracist Black Language Pedagogy looks like in classrooms while simultaneously illustrating how theory, research, and practice can operate in tandem in pursuit of linguistic and racial justice. A crucial resource for educators, researchers, professors, and graduate students in language and literacy education, writing studies, sociology of education, sociolinguistics, and critical pedagogy, this book features a range of multimodal examples and practices through instructional maps, charts, artwork, and stories that reflect the urgent need for antiracist language pedagogies in our current social and political climate.

Teaching What You're Not

Download Teaching What You're Not PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814755313
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Teaching What You're Not by : Katherine Mayberry

Download or read book Teaching What You're Not written by Katherine Mayberry and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 1996-08 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions form scholars in a variety of disciplines, the book examines the ways in which historical, cultural, and personal identities impact on pedagogy and scholarship.

The Pedagogy of Lifelong Learning

Download The Pedagogy of Lifelong Learning PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134095317
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Pedagogy of Lifelong Learning by : Michael Osborne

Download or read book The Pedagogy of Lifelong Learning written by Michael Osborne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-06-11 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a snapshot of contemporary international research into the pedagogy of lifelong learning and teaching, this book focuses on a wide range of issues related to lifelong learning, including higher education, community-based learning and literacy practices in continuing education. It highlights the fact that the wide-ranging conclusions they draw have vital implications for this rapidly changing field. The book reviews the emerging issues from researching teaching and learning in different post-school contexts - an issue which has grown in research importance around the world in recent years - with the concern both to widen participation and improve student attainment. Examining empirically, methodologically and theoretically contemporary research in teaching and learning in diverse contexts, it focuses on three main areas: learning careers and identities; pedagogy and learning cultures and learning beyond institutions.

Identity Development of College Students

Download Identity Development of College Students PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111848228X
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Identity Development of College Students by : Susan R. Jones

Download or read book Identity Development of College Students written by Susan R. Jones and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-05 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identity Development of College Students Building off the foundational work of Erik Erikson and Arthur Chickering, Identity Development of College Students adds broad and innovative research to describe contemporary perspectives of identity development at the intersection of context, personal characteristics, and social identities. The authors employ different theoretical perspectives to explore the nature of context—how it both influences and is influenced by multiple social identities. Each chapter includes discussion and reflection questions and activities for individual or small group work. Praise for Identity Development of College Students "Susan R. Jones and Elisa S. Abes have provided us with a comprehensive and beautifully written overview of the evolution of identity development theory. This book reads like a novel while at the same time conveying important ideas, critical analysis, and cutting-edge research that will enhance student affairs practice." —NANCY J. EVANS, professor, Student Affairs Program, School of Education, Iowa State University "The authors masterfully present a holistic, integrative, and multi-dimensional approach to the identity development of today's college student. This text should be required reading for those engaged in research and practice in the areas of student affairs, counseling, higher education, and cultural studies." —SHARON KIRKLAND-GORDON, director, Counseling Center, University of Maryland, College Park "Susan R. Jones and Elisa S. Abes's work is ground-breaking—charting new scholarly territory and making one of the most significant contributions to identity literature in many years. Building on contemporary and traditional theoretical foundations, Jones and Abes offer new models of identity development essential for understanding a diversity of college students." —MARYLU K. MCEWEN, associate professor emerita, University of Maryland, College Park

Identity Construction and Science Education Research

Download Identity Construction and Science Education Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9462090432
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Identity Construction and Science Education Research by : Maria Varelas

Download or read book Identity Construction and Science Education Research written by Maria Varelas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-17 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edited volume, science education scholars engage with the constructs of identity and identity construction of learners, teachers, and practitioners of science. Reports on empirical studies and commentaries serve to extend theoretical understandings related to identity and identity development vis-à-vis science education, link them to empirical evidence derived from a range of participants, educational settings, and analytic foci, examine methodological issues in identity studies, and project fruitful directions for research in this area. Using anthropological, sociological, and socio-cultural perspectives, chapter authors depict and discuss the complexity, messiness, but also potential of identity work in science education, and show how critical constructs–such as power, privilege, and dominant views; access and participation; positionality; agency-structure dialectic; and inequities–are integrally intertwined with identity construction and trajectories. Chapter authors examine issues of identity with participants ranging from first graders to pre-service and in-service teachers, to physics doctoral students, to show ways in which identity work is a vital (albeit still underemphasized) dimension of learning and participating in science in, and out of, academic institutions. Moreover, the research presented in this book mostly concerns students or teachers with racial, ethno-linguistic, class, academic status, and gender affiliations that have been long excluded from, or underrepresented in, scientific practice, science fields, and science-related professions, and linked with science achievement gaps. This book contributes to the growing scholarship that seeks to problematize various dominant views regarding, for example, what counts as science and scientific competence, who does science, and what resources can be fruitful for doing science.

Self and Social Identity in Educational Contexts

Download Self and Social Identity in Educational Contexts PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317599764
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Self and Social Identity in Educational Contexts by : Kenneth I. Mavor

Download or read book Self and Social Identity in Educational Contexts written by Kenneth I. Mavor and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative volume integrates social identity theory with research on teaching and education to shed new and fruitful light on a variety of different pedagogical concerns and practices. It brings together researchers at the cutting edge of new developments with a wealth of teaching and research experience. The work in this volume will have a significant impact in two main ways. First and foremost, the social identity approach that is applied will provide the theoretical and empirical platform for the development of new and creative forms of practice in educational settings. Just as the application of this theory has made significant contributions in organisational and health settings, a similar benefit will accrue for conceptual and practical developments related to learners and educators – from small learning groups to larger institutional settings – and in the development of professional identities that reach beyond the classroom. The chapters demonstrate the potential of applying social identity theory to education and will stimulate increased research activity and interest in this domain. By focusing on self, social identity and education, this volume investigates with unprecedented clarity the social and psychological processes by which learners’ personal and social self-concepts shape and enhance learning and teaching. Self and Social Identity in Educational Contexts will appeal to advanced students and researchers in education, psychology and social identity theory. It will also be of immense value to educational leaders and practitioners, particularly at tertiary level.

The Complexity of Identity and Interaction in Language Education

Download The Complexity of Identity and Interaction in Language Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
ISBN 13 : 1788927443
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (889 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Complexity of Identity and Interaction in Language Education by : Nathanael Rudolph

Download or read book The Complexity of Identity and Interaction in Language Education written by Nathanael Rudolph and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2020-08-07 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses two critical calls pertaining to language education. Firstly, for attention to be paid to the transdisciplinary nature and complexity of learner identity and interaction in the classroom and secondly, for the need to attend to conceptualizations of and approaches to manifestations of (in)equity in the sociohistorical contexts in which they occur. Collectively, the chapters envision classrooms and educational institutions as sites both shaping and shaped by larger (trans)communal negotiations of being and belonging, in which individuals affirm and/or problematize essentialized and idealized nativeness and community membership. The volume, comprised of chapters contributed by a diverse array of researcher-practitioners living, working and/or studying around the globe, is intended to inform, empower and inspire stakeholders in language education to explore, potentially reimagine, and ultimately critically and practically transform, the communities in which they live, work and/or study.

Global Identity in Multicultural and International Educational Contexts

Download Global Identity in Multicultural and International Educational Contexts PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317632176
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Identity in Multicultural and International Educational Contexts by : Nigel Bagnall

Download or read book Global Identity in Multicultural and International Educational Contexts written by Nigel Bagnall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increased movement of people globally has changed the face of national and international schooling. Higher levels of mobility have resulted from both the willing movement of students and their families with a desire to create a better life, and the forced movement of refugee families travelling away from war, famine and other extreme circumstances. This book explores the idea that the complex connections created by the forces of globalisation have led to a diminishing difference between what were once described as international schools and national schools. By examining a selection of responses from students attending international schools in Brazil, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Philippines and Switzerland, the book discusses key issues surrounding identity and cosmopolitan senses of belonging. Chapters draw from current literature and recent qualitative research to highlight the concerns that students face within the international school community, including social, psychological, and academic difficulties. The interviews provide a rich and unique body of knowledge, demonstrating how perceptions of identity and belonging are changing, especially with affiliation to a national or a global identity. The notion that international students have become global citizens through their affiliation to a global rather than a national identity exhibits a changing and potentially irreversible trend. Global Identity in Multicultural and International Educational Contexts will be of key interest to researchers, academics and policy makers involved with international schooling and globalised education.

Handbook of Research on Teacher Education

Download Handbook of Research on Teacher Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135618321
Total Pages : 1840 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Teacher Education by : Marilyn Cochran-Smith

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Teacher Education written by Marilyn Cochran-Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-02-19 with total page 1840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-Published by Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group and the Association of Teacher Educators. The Handbook of Research on Teacher Education was initiated to ferment change in education based on solid evidence. The publication of the First Edition was a signal event in 1990. While the preparation of educators was then – and continues to be – the topic of substantial discussion, there did not exist a codification of the best that was known at the time about teacher education. Reflecting the needs of educators today, the Third Edition takes a new approach to achieving the same purpose. Beyond simply conceptualizing the broad landscape of teacher education and providing comprehensive reviews of the latest research for major domains of practice, this edition: stimulates a broad conversation about foundational issues brings multiple perspectives to bear provides new specificity to topics that have been undifferentiated in the past includes diverse voices in the conversation. The Editors, with an Advisory Board, identified nine foundational issues and translated them into a set of focal questions: What’s the Point?: The Purposes of Teacher Education What Should Teachers Know? Teacher Capacities: Knowledge, Beliefs, Skills, and Commitments Where Should Teachers Be Taught? Settings and Roles in Teacher Education Who Teaches? Who Should Teach? Teacher Recruitment, Selection, and Retention Does Difference Make a Difference? Diversity and Teacher Education How Do People Learn to Teach? Who’s in Charge? Authority in Teacher Education How Do We Know What We Know? Research and Teacher Education What Good is Teacher Education? The Place of Teacher Education in Teachers’ Education. The Association of Teacher Educators (ATE) is an individual membership organization devoted solely to the improvement of teacher education both for school-based and post secondary teacher educators. For more information on our organization and publications, please visit: www.ate1.org

The Pedagogy of Lifelong Learning

Download The Pedagogy of Lifelong Learning PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134095309
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Pedagogy of Lifelong Learning by : Michael Osborne

Download or read book The Pedagogy of Lifelong Learning written by Michael Osborne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-06-11 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a snapshot of contemporary international research into the pedagogy of lifelong learning and teaching, this book focuses on a wide range of issues related to lifelong learning, including higher education, community-based learning and literacy practices in continuing education. It highlights the fact that the wide-ranging conclusions they draw have vital implications for this rapidly changing field. The book reviews the emerging issues from researching teaching and learning in different post-school contexts - an issue which has grown in research importance around the world in recent years - with the concern both to widen participation and improve student attainment. Examining empirically, methodologically and theoretically contemporary research in teaching and learning in diverse contexts, it focuses on three main areas: learning careers and identities; pedagogy and learning cultures and learning beyond institutions.

PEDAGOGY AND IDENTITY IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL WRITING CLASSROOM

Download PEDAGOGY AND IDENTITY IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL WRITING CLASSROOM PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis PEDAGOGY AND IDENTITY IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL WRITING CLASSROOM by : Monica D' Antonio

Download or read book PEDAGOGY AND IDENTITY IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL WRITING CLASSROOM written by Monica D' Antonio and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By many accounts, developmental writing courses in community colleges are failing to teach students the requisite skills needed to be successful in college-level coursework. In the current dissertation, I have adopted an identity-based approach to examining and intervening in students' experiences and engagement in the developmental writing course. The PRESS model of promoting identity exploration assigns educators the role of "identity agents" who design activities that encourage students to reflect on the academic content and make connections between the academic content and the self, question identity aspects, and explore alternative identity commitments. I modified activities in my developmental writing course based on the PRESS model and investigated the identity exploration, motivation, engagement, and learning of students in the course, which I studied with the Dynamic Systems Model of Role Identity (DSMRI). The study took place in a mid-sized community college in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. There were 15 racially mixed participating students. Design of the course activities aimed to promote the students' identity exploration (IdEx activities) through facilitating reflection, questioning, information gathering and processing, understanding, and development of their identities as writers, and as college students. Cross-case comparisons of six narratives of participating students selected to reflect diversity of students' characteristics and experiences highlighted the unique role identities, identity exploration, and motivation for each student, as well as their varied dynamics depending on class activities and time period within the semester. The findings also suggested that students' role identities could be characterized along a dimension of "sophistication"-richer content with higher alignment vs. thinner content with more fragmentation. In addition, the findings indicated that despite variability, students' engagement with the activities involved identity exploration and development in many cases. This finding illustrates the potential of identity-based pedagogy to promote desirable identity change, motivation, and learning in community college courses, and specifically in developmental writing courses. The study has implications for theory, research, practice, and professional development in community college developmental writing courses.

Beliefs, Agency and Identity in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching

Download Beliefs, Agency and Identity in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137425954
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beliefs, Agency and Identity in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching by : Paula Kalaja

Download or read book Beliefs, Agency and Identity in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching written by Paula Kalaja and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the phenomena of believing (or giving personal meanings), acting, and identifying (or identity construction), and the interconnectedness of these phenomena in the learning and teaching of English and other foreign languages.

Identity Work in the Contemporary University

Download Identity Work in the Contemporary University PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 946300310X
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (63 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Identity Work in the Contemporary University by : Jan Smith

Download or read book Identity Work in the Contemporary University written by Jan Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-24 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Academic identities research is a growing area of scholarly enquiry especially as academics themselves question the evolving nature of their roles in rapidly-changing university environments. Performative frameworks in many countries around the world reflect these changes and this volume brings a number of disciplinary perspectives to bear on how we understand the lived experiences of academic life in a global context. Contributors explore the power of conceptual tools drawn from Philosophy, Psychology, Sociology and Politics to challenge increasingly instrumental neoliberal political approaches to higher education, supported by empirical evidence. Worthwhile teaching, learning and research require significant personal investment, and the book pays particular attention to the deeply affective dimensions of current academic practices. In Part One, tools to conceptualise academic identity-work drawn from foundational academic disciplines are applied to contemporary higher education practices. Part Two foregrounds how working in universities today proceeds, with a particular focus on how academics respond to the multiplicity of institutional demands. The most pressing perceived demand, supported by contributions in Part Three, is publication: the need to be ‘visible’ to ‘count’ is now a global imperative, with the affective dimensions not yet well-understood at policy level. In Part Four, those who support colleagues negotiating a reconfigured academic terrain explore productive approaches towards this task to ensure that academic practice remains rooted in the values previously outlined. This book will be of interest to those working in universities globally who seek a deeper appreciation of the contextual drivers that shape academic work."