Identifying The Culprit

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Identifying the Culprit

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309310628
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Identifying the Culprit by : National Research Council

Download or read book Identifying the Culprit written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eyewitnesses play an important role in criminal cases when they can identify culprits. Estimates suggest that tens of thousands of eyewitnesses make identifications in criminal investigations each year. Research on factors that affect the accuracy of eyewitness identification procedures has given us an increasingly clear picture of how identifications are made, and more importantly, an improved understanding of the principled limits on vision and memory that can lead to failure of identification. Factors such as viewing conditions, duress, elevated emotions, and biases influence the visual perception experience. Perceptual experiences are stored by a system of memory that is highly malleable and continuously evolving, neither retaining nor divulging content in an informational vacuum. As such, the fidelity of our memories to actual events may be compromised by many factors at all stages of processing, from encoding to storage and retrieval. Unknown to the individual, memories are forgotten, reconstructed, updated, and distorted. Complicating the process further, policies governing law enforcement procedures for conducting and recording identifications are not standard, and policies and practices to address the issue of misidentification vary widely. These limitations can produce mistaken identifications with significant consequences. What can we do to make certain that eyewitness identification convicts the guilty and exonerates the innocent? Identifying the Culprit makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda. Identifying the Culprit will be an essential resource to assist the law enforcement and legal communities as they seek to understand the value and the limitations of eyewitness identification and make improvements to procedures.

Identifying the Culprit

Author : National Research Council (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309314114
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis Identifying the Culprit by : National Research Council (U.S.)

Download or read book Identifying the Culprit written by National Research Council (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Research on factors that affect the accuracy of eyewitness identification procedures has given us an increasingly clear picture of how identifications are made, and more importantly, an improved understanding of the principled limits on vision and memory that can lead to failure of identification. .. Identifying the Culprit makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda."--NAP website

Mistaken Identification

Author : Brian L. Cutler
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521445726
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (457 download)

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Book Synopsis Mistaken Identification by : Brian L. Cutler

Download or read book Mistaken Identification written by Brian L. Cutler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-08-25 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines traditional safeguards against mistaken eyewitness identification.

Forensic Facial Identification

Author : Tim Valentine
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118469585
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Forensic Facial Identification by : Tim Valentine

Download or read book Forensic Facial Identification written by Tim Valentine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic Facial Identification “A broad view of contemporary eyewitness research in both traditional and emerging areas. The international cast of contributors particularly highlights the interplay between law and research across countries — with lessons for all.” Steven D. Penrod, Distinguished Professor, John Jay College of Criminal Justice “At an age where we are relying more than ever on facial identification to ensure public safety, this volume represents an important milestone in ensuring our decisions are informed by the latest developments in technology and science. International experts provide practitioners with an exhaustive review of the tools needed to identify and investigate cases relying on facial identification, be they terror suspects or victims of disaster. What is unique about this book is that experts are encouraged to learn from mistakes made in the past and to equip themselves with theory and science to enable them to best use identification evidence to avoid miscarriages of justice. An outstanding contribution to the field.” Amina Memon, Professor of Psychology Royal Holloway, University of London Forensic Facial Identification provides an up-to-date set of best practices for professionals using eyewitness identification to solve crimes of all kinds. The book brings together a prominent group of contributors to discuss the latest scientific and technical advancements and their implications for practice. The contributors review current procedures for various facial identification methods and discuss their use and reliability. The chapters examine traditional forms of eyewitness identification, such as mugshots and line-ups, but also delve into newer technologies, such as facial identification using CCTV images and computerized automatic face recognition systems. Detailed case studies help put the latest research and technology in the proper legal context. Bridging the fields of psychology, criminology, and law, this essential volume, part of the Wiley Series in Crime, Policing and Law, is for those wishing to stay at the cutting-edge of this expanding and changing field.

Eyewitness Evidence

Author : National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Eyewitness Evidence by : National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence

Download or read book Eyewitness Evidence written by National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Culprit & the Cure

Author : Steven G. Aldana
Publisher : Maple Mountain Press
ISBN 13 : 9780975882801
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (828 download)

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Book Synopsis The Culprit & the Cure by : Steven G. Aldana

Download or read book The Culprit & the Cure written by Steven G. Aldana and published by Maple Mountain Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a wealth of evidence that reveals how a healthy diet, exercise, and other healthy lifestyles can impact life-span and the risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes and other chronic diseases. It provides easy-to-follow guidelines that will help individuals begin and maintain a healthy lifestyle for life. No infomercials here, just the facts from an authority who knows.

Introduction to Criminal Investigation

Author : Michael Birzer
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040082416
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Criminal Investigation by : Michael Birzer

Download or read book Introduction to Criminal Investigation written by Michael Birzer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manner in which criminal investigators are trained is neither uniform nor consistent, ranging from sophisticated training protocols in some departments to on-the-job experience alongside senior investigators in others. Ideal for students taking a first course in the subject as well as professionals in need of a refresher, Introduction to Criminal Investigation uses an accessible format to convey concepts in practical, concrete terms. Topics discussed include: The history of criminal investigation in Western society Qualifications for becoming an investigator, the selection process, and ideal training requirements Crime scene search techniques, including planning and post-search debriefing Preparing effective field notes and investigative reports Interviewing and interrogating Types of evidence found at the crime scene and how to collect, package, and preserve it The contributions of forensic science to criminal investigations and the equipment used in crime labs Investigative protocol for a range of crimes, including property crimes, auto theft, arson, financial crimes, homicide, assault, sex crimes, and robbery Specialized investigations, including drug trafficking, cybercrime, and gang-related crime Legal issues involved in criminal investigations and preparing a case for trial Bringing together contributions from law enforcement personnel, academics, and attorneys, the book combines practical and theoretical elements to provide a comprehensive examination of today‘s criminal investigative process. The accessible manner in which the information is conveyed makes this an ideal text for a wide-ranging audience.

Psychology and Law

Author : Neil Brewer
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462532349
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychology and Law by : Neil Brewer

Download or read book Psychology and Law written by Neil Brewer and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the initial investigation of a crime to the sentencing of an offender, many everyday practices within the criminal justice system involve complex psychological processes. This volume analyzes the processes involved in such tasks as interviewing witnesses, detecting deception, and eliciting eyewitness reports and identification from adults and children. Factors that influence decision making by jurors and judges are examined as well. Throughout, findings from experimental research are translated into clear recommendations for improving the quality of evidence and the fairness of investigative and legal proceedings. The book also addresses salient methodological questions and identifies key directions for future investigation.

Crime Scene Investigation

Author : National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Crime Scene Investigation by : National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation

Download or read book Crime Scene Investigation written by National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a guide to recommended practices for crime scene investigation. The guide is presented in five major sections, with sub-sections as noted: (1) Arriving at the Scene: Initial Response/Prioritization of Efforts (receipt of information, safety procedures, emergency care, secure and control persons at the scene, boundaries, turn over control of the scene and brief investigator/s in charge, document actions and observations); (2) Preliminary Documentation and Evaluation of the Scene (scene assessment, "walk-through" and initial documentation); (3) Processing the Scene (team composition, contamination control, documentation and prioritize, collect, preserve, inventory, package, transport, and submit evidence); (4) Completing and Recording the Crime Scene Investigation (establish debriefing team, perform final survey, document the scene); and (5) Crime Scene Equipment (initial responding officers, investigator/evidence technician, evidence collection kits).

Drug Allergy Testing

Author : David Khan
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323497071
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Allergy Testing by : David Khan

Download or read book Drug Allergy Testing written by David Khan and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on improving diagnosis and treatment, Drug Allergy Testing is your new go-to resource for understanding various drug allergies and testing methods, the epidemiology of and economic impact of drug allergies, and new drug and allergy developments. Features a wealth of up-to-date information for allergists, immunologists, and primary care physicians who diagnose and treat patients with drug allergies and hypersensitivity. Covers the basics of drug allergy evaluation and management as well as specific drugs including antibiotics, ASA/NSAIDs, chemotherapeutic agents and monoclonal antibodies.

Placing the Suspect Behind the Keyboard

Author : Brett Shavers
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 1597499846
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (974 download)

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Book Synopsis Placing the Suspect Behind the Keyboard by : Brett Shavers

Download or read book Placing the Suspect Behind the Keyboard written by Brett Shavers and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Placing the Suspect Behind the Keyboard is the definitive book on conducting a complete investigation of a cybercrime using digital forensics techniques as well as physical investigative procedures. This book merges a digital analysis examiner's work with the work of a case investigator in order to build a solid case to identify and prosecute cybercriminals. Brett Shavers links traditional investigative techniques with high tech crime analysis in a manner that not only determines elements of crimes, but also places the suspect at the keyboard. This book is a first in combining investigative strategies of digital forensics analysis processes alongside physical investigative techniques in which the reader will gain a holistic approach to their current and future cybercrime investigations. Learn the tools and investigative principles of both physical and digital cybercrime investigations—and how they fit together to build a solid and complete case Master the techniques of conducting a holistic investigation that combines both digital and physical evidence to track down the "suspect behind the keyboard" The only book to combine physical and digital investigative techniques

Here to Stay

Author : Sara Farizan
Publisher : Algonquin Books
ISBN 13 : 1616207000
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (162 download)

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Book Synopsis Here to Stay by : Sara Farizan

Download or read book Here to Stay written by Sara Farizan and published by Algonquin Books. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A powerful YA novel about identity and prejudice.” —Entertainment Weekly Bijan Majidi is: Shy around girls Really into comics Decent at basketball Bijan Majidi is not: A terrorist What happens when a kid who’s flown under the radar for most of high school gets pulled off the bench to make the winning basket in a varsity playoff game? If his name is Bijan Majidi, life is suddenly high fives in the hallways and invitations to exclusive parties—along with an anonymous photo sent by a school cyberbully that makes Bijan look like a terrorist. The administration says they’ll find and punish the culprit. Bijan wants to pretend it never happened. He’s not ashamed of his Middle Eastern heritage; he just doesn’t want to be a poster child for Islamophobia. Lots of classmates rally around Bijan. Others make it clear they don’t want him or anybody who looks like him at their school. But it’s not always easy to tell your enemies from your friends. Here to Stay is a painfully honest, funny, authentic story about growing up, speaking out, and fighting prejudice.

Unfair

Author : Adam Benforado
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0770437788
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Unfair by : Adam Benforado

Download or read book Unfair written by Adam Benforado and published by Crown. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “Unfair succinctly and persuasively recounts cutting-edge research testifying to the faulty and inaccurate procedures that underpin virtually all aspects of our criminal justice system, illustrating many with case studies.”—The Boston Globe A child is gunned down by a police officer; an investigator ignores critical clues in a case; an innocent man confesses to a crime he did not commit; a jury acquits a killer. The evidence is all around us: Our system of justice is fundamentally broken. But it’s not for the reasons we tend to think, as law professor Adam Benforado argues in this eye-opening, galvanizing book. Even if the system operated exactly as it was designed to, we would still end up with wrongful convictions, trampled rights, and unequal treatment. This is because the roots of injustice lie not inside the dark hearts of racist police officers or dishonest prosecutors, but within the minds of each and every one of us. This is difficult to accept. Our nation is founded on the idea that the law is impartial, that legal cases are won or lost on the basis of evidence, careful reasoning and nuanced argument. But they may, in fact, turn on the camera angle of a defendant’s taped confession, the number of photos in a mug shot book, or a simple word choice during a cross-examination. In Unfair, Benforado shines a light on this troubling new field of research, showing, for example, that people with certain facial features receive longer sentences and that judges are far more likely to grant parole first thing in the morning. Over the last two decades, psychologists and neuroscientists have uncovered many cognitive forces that operate beyond our conscious awareness. Until we address these hidden biases head-on, Benforado argues, the social inequality we see now will only widen, as powerful players and institutions find ways to exploit the weaknesses of our legal system. Weaving together historical examples, scientific studies, and compelling court cases—from the border collie put on trial in Kentucky to the five teenagers who falsely confessed in the Central Park Jogger case—Benforado shows how our judicial processes fail to uphold our values and protect society’s weakest members. With clarity and passion, he lays out the scope of the legal system’s dysfunction and proposes a wealth of practical reforms that could prevent injustice and help us achieve true fairness and equality before the law.

On the Witness Stand

Author : Hugo Münsterberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Witness Stand by : Hugo Münsterberg

Download or read book On the Witness Stand written by Hugo Münsterberg and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Psychological Science and the Law

Author : Neil Brewer
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462538304
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychological Science and the Law by : Neil Brewer

Download or read book Psychological Science and the Law written by Neil Brewer and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychological research can provide constructive explanations of key problems in the criminal justice system--and can help generate solutions. This state-of-the-art text dissects the psychological processes associated with fundamental legal questions: Is a suspect lying? Will an incarcerated individual be dangerous in the future? Is an eyewitness accurate? How can false memories be implanted? How do juries, experts, forensic examiners, and judges make decisions, and how can racial and other forms of bias be minimized? Chapters offer up-to-date reviews of relevant theory, experimental methods, and empirical findings. Specific recommendations are made for improving the quality of evidence and preserving the integrity of investigative and legal proceedings.

Picking Cotton

Author : Jennifer Thompson-Cannino
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 9781429962155
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Picking Cotton by : Jennifer Thompson-Cannino

Download or read book Picking Cotton written by Jennifer Thompson-Cannino and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2010-01-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times best selling true story of an unlikely friendship forged between a woman and the man she incorrectly identified as her rapist and sent to prison for 11 years. Jennifer Thompson was raped at knifepoint by a man who broke into her apartment while she slept. She was able to escape, and eventually positively identified Ronald Cotton as her attacker. Ronald insisted that she was mistaken-- but Jennifer's positive identification was the compelling evidence that put him behind bars. After eleven years, Ronald was allowed to take a DNA test that proved his innocence. He was released, after serving more than a decade in prison for a crime he never committed. Two years later, Jennifer and Ronald met face to face-- and forged an unlikely friendship that changed both of their lives. With Picking Cotton, Jennifer and Ronald tell in their own words the harrowing details of their tragedy, and challenge our ideas of memory and judgment while demonstrating the profound nature of human grace and the healing power of forgiveness.

Convicting the Innocent

Author : Brandon L. Garrett
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674060989
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Convicting the Innocent by : Brandon L. Garrett

Download or read book Convicting the Innocent written by Brandon L. Garrett and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On January 20, 1984, Earl Washington—defended for all of forty minutes by a lawyer who had never tried a death penalty case—was found guilty of rape and murder in the state of Virginia and sentenced to death. After nine years on death row, DNA testing cast doubt on his conviction and saved his life. However, he spent another eight years in prison before more sophisticated DNA technology proved his innocence and convicted the guilty man. DNA exonerations have shattered confidence in the criminal justice system by exposing how often we have convicted the innocent and let the guilty walk free. In this unsettling in-depth analysis, Brandon Garrett examines what went wrong in the cases of the first 250 wrongfully convicted people to be exonerated by DNA testing. Based on trial transcripts, Garrett’s investigation into the causes of wrongful convictions reveals larger patterns of incompetence, abuse, and error. Evidence corrupted by suggestive eyewitness procedures, coercive interrogations, unsound and unreliable forensics, shoddy investigative practices, cognitive bias, and poor lawyering illustrates the weaknesses built into our current criminal justice system. Garrett proposes practical reforms that rely more on documented, recorded, and audited evidence, and less on fallible human memory. Very few crimes committed in the United States involve biological evidence that can be tested using DNA. How many unjust convictions are there that we will never discover? Convicting the Innocent makes a powerful case for systemic reforms to improve the accuracy of all criminal cases.