Hunter Gatherer Why Have Hunting And Gathering Societies Been Described As Affluent And Egalitarian Are They

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Hunter-Gatherer: Why have hunting and gathering societies been described as ‘affluent’ and ‘egalitarian’? Are they?

Author : Johannes Lenhard
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656323828
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis Hunter-Gatherer: Why have hunting and gathering societies been described as ‘affluent’ and ‘egalitarian’? Are they? by : Johannes Lenhard

Download or read book Hunter-Gatherer: Why have hunting and gathering societies been described as ‘affluent’ and ‘egalitarian’? Are they? written by Johannes Lenhard and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Pedagogy - Theory of Science, Anthropology, grade: 64, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: Why have hunting and gathering societies been described as ‘affluent’ and ‘egalitarian’? Are they? To start with a rather polemic answer to the explicit question whether hunter-gatherers are affluent, it seems to be the case that many of them nowadays are suffering from poverty. A few, on the other hand, accumulate riches that are impressive – even judged with a Western standard. This is what Gell (1988) shows for the Muria in India. Those people are predominantly not hunting and gathering anymore, however, but under the influence of a modern economy. They are capitalists without capitalist notions of boastful and lavish consumption.

The Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers

Author : Vicki Cummings
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000189538
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers by : Vicki Cummings

Download or read book The Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers written by Vicki Cummings and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-12 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a basic introduction to key debates in the study of hunter-gatherers, specifically from an anthropological perspective, but designed for an archaeological audience. Hunter-gatherers have been the focus of intense anthropological research and discussion over the last hundred years, and as such there is an enormous literature on communities all over the world. Yet, among the diverse range of peoples studied, there are a number of recurrent themes, including not only the way in which people make a living (hunting, gathering and fishing) but also striking similarities in other areas of life such as belief systems and social organisation. These themes are described and then explored through archaeological case-studies. The overarching theme throughout the volume is the use of ethnographic analogy, and how archaeologists should be critical in its use.

The Social Science Encyclopedia

Author : Adam Kuper
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134450834
Total Pages : 962 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Science Encyclopedia by : Adam Kuper

Download or read book The Social Science Encyclopedia written by Adam Kuper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-12-16 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Science Encyclopedia, first published in 1985 to acclaim from social scientists, librarians and students, was thoroughly revised in 1996, when reviewers began to describe it as a classic. This third edition has been radically recast. Over half the entries are new or have been entirely rewritten, and most of the balance have been substantially revised. Written by an international team of contributors, the Encyclopedia offers a global perspective on the key issues within the social sciences. Some 500 entries cover a variety of enduring and newly vital areas of study and research methods. Experts review theoretical debates from neo-evolutionism and rational choice theory to poststructuralism, and address the great questions that cut across the social sciences. What is the influence of genes on behaviour? What is the nature of consciousness and cognition? What are the causes of poverty and wealth? What are the roots of conflict, wars, revolutions and genocidal violence? This authoritative reference work is aimed at anyone with a serious interest in contemporary academic thinking about the individual in society.

Cultural Anthropology

Author : Raymond Scupin
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1544363109
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Anthropology by : Raymond Scupin

Download or read book Cultural Anthropology written by Raymond Scupin and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural Anthropology: A Global Perspective delves into both classic and current research in the field, reflecting a commitment to anthropology’s holistic and integrative approach. This text illuminates how the four subfields of anthropology—biological anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, and cultural anthropology—together yield a comprehensive understanding of humanity.

Limited Wants, Unlimited Means

Author : John Gowdy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Limited Wants, Unlimited Means by : John Gowdy

Download or read book Limited Wants, Unlimited Means written by John Gowdy and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropologists turn the favorite idiom of economists on its head and argue that the environmental destruction of modern society is not viable, inevitable or even particularly enviable. They produce evidence that hunter-gatherers needed little, wanted little, for the most part had all the means to s

Crossroads and Cultures, Combined Volume

Author : Bonnie G. Smith
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 0312410174
Total Pages : 1186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Crossroads and Cultures, Combined Volume by : Bonnie G. Smith

Download or read book Crossroads and Cultures, Combined Volume written by Bonnie G. Smith and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 1186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crossroads and Cultures: A History of the World’s Peoples incorporates the best current cultural history into a fresh and original narrative that connects global patterns of development with life on the ground. As the title, “Crossroads,” suggests, this new synthesis highlights the places and times where people exchanged goods and commodities, shared innovations and ideas, waged war and spread disease, and in doing so joined their lives to the broad sweep of global history. Students benefit from a strong pedagogical design, abundant maps and images, and special features that heighten the narrative’s attention to the lives and voices of the world’s peoples. Test drive a chapter today. Find out how.

Crossroads and Cultures, Volume A: To 1300

Author : Bonnie G. Smith
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 0312571615
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Crossroads and Cultures, Volume A: To 1300 by : Bonnie G. Smith

Download or read book Crossroads and Cultures, Volume A: To 1300 written by Bonnie G. Smith and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crossroads and Cultures: A History of the World’s Peoples incorporates the best current cultural history into a fresh and original narrative that connects global patterns of development with life on the ground. As the title, “Crossroads,” suggests, this new synthesis highlights the places and times where people exchanged goods and commodities, shared innovations and ideas, waged war and spread disease, and in doing so joined their lives to the broad sweep of global history. Students benefit from a strong pedagogical design, abundant maps and images, and special features that heighten the narrative’s attention to the lives and voices of the world’s peoples. Test drive a chapter today. Find out how.

Handbook of Archaeological Theories

Author : R. Alexander Bentley
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780759100336
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Archaeological Theories by : R. Alexander Bentley

Download or read book Handbook of Archaeological Theories written by R. Alexander Bentley and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook gathers original, authoritative articles from leading archaeologists to compile the latest thinking about archaeological theory. The authors provide a comprehensive picture of the theoretical foundations by which archaeologists contextualize and analyze their archaeological data. Student readers will also gain a sense of the immense power that theory has for building interpretations of the past, while recognizing the wonderful archaeological traditions that created it. An extensive bibliography is included. This volume is the single most important reference for current information on contemporary archaeological theories.

Is Anybody out There?

Author : W.H. Collier
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1665557788
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (655 download)

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Book Synopsis Is Anybody out There? by : W.H. Collier

Download or read book Is Anybody out There? written by W.H. Collier and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2022-04-21 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are we alone? Or is the universe teeming with intelligent life? Can we expect extraterrestrial civilizations to be common? Occasional? Rare? In this wide-ranging Assessment, historian/writer W. H. Collier explores the probabilities of the existence of extraterrestrial, technological life based on the latest scientific findings. Not content with the well-worn assertion that life must be common because there are so many stars and planets, Collier undertakes a thorough analysis of just what it would take for technological societies to arise on other planets. From quantifying the number of habitable planets, to examining the genesis and development of life on this planet, to grappling with the emergence of intelligence in our own species, Collier leaves no stone unturned. The number of scientific topics addressed may appear daunting, but the author’s non-technical style makes this work imminently readable. Though written for the lay reader, the findings in this Assessment may well open the eyes of many in the scientific community.

Guerrillas in the Industrial Jungle

Author : Ursula McTaggart
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 1438439032
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Guerrillas in the Industrial Jungle by : Ursula McTaggart

Download or read book Guerrillas in the Industrial Jungle written by Ursula McTaggart and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2012-03-16 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the metaphors of the “primitive” and the “industrial” in the rhetoric and imagery of anticapitalist American radical and revolutionary movements.

Hunter-Gatherers

Author : Catherine Panter-Brick
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521776721
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis Hunter-Gatherers by : Catherine Panter-Brick

Download or read book Hunter-Gatherers written by Catherine Panter-Brick and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-03-29 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 volume is an interdisciplinary text on hunter-gatherer populations world-wide.

Beyond War

Author : Douglas P. Fry
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199725055
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond War by : Douglas P. Fry

Download or read book Beyond War written by Douglas P. Fry and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A profoundly heartening view of human nature, Beyond War offers a hopeful prognosis for a future without war. Douglas P. Fry convincingly argues that our ancient ancestors were not innately warlike--and neither are we. He points out that, for perhaps ninety-nine percent of our history, for well over a million years, humans lived in nomadic hunter-and-gatherer groups, egalitarian bands where warfare was a rarity. Drawing on archaeology and fascinating recent fieldwork on hunter-gatherer bands from around the world, Fry debunks the idea that war is ancient and inevitable. For instance, among Aboriginal Australians, warfare was an extreme anomaly. Fry also points out that even today, when war seems ever present, the vast majority of us live peaceful, nonviolent lives. We are not as warlike as we think, and if we can learn from our ancestors, we may be able to move beyond war to provide real justice and security for the world.

Wandering God

Author : Morris Berman
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791493245
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Wandering God by : Morris Berman

Download or read book Wandering God written by Morris Berman and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third book in Morris Berman's much acclaimed trilogy on the evolution of human consciousness, Wandering God continues his earlier work which garnered such praise as "solid lessons in the history of ideas" (KIRKUS Reviews), "filled with piquant details" (Common Boundary), and "an informative synthesis and a remarkably friendly, good-natured jeremiad" (The Village Voice). Here, in a remarkable discussion of our hunter-gatherer ancestry and the "paradoxical" mode of perception that it involved, Berman shows how a sense of alertness, or secular/sacred immediacy, subsequently got buried by the rise of sedentary civilization, religion, and vertical power relationships. In an integrated tour de force, Wandering God explores the meaning of Paleolithic art, the origins of social inequality, the nature of cross-cultural child rearing, the relationship between women and agriculture, and the world view of present-day nomadic peoples, as well as the emergence of "paradoxical" consciousness in the philosophical writings of the twentieth century.

Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers

Author : Hideaki Terashima
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431559973
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers by : Hideaki Terashima

Download or read book Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers written by Hideaki Terashima and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-22 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to examine social learning and innovation in hunter–gatherers from around the world. More is known about social learning in chimpanzees and nonhuman primates than is known about social learning in hunter–gatherers, a way of life that characterized most of human history. The book describes diverse patterns of learning and teaching behaviors in contemporary hunter–gatherers from the perspectives of cultural anthropology, ecological anthropology, biological anthropology, and developmental psychology. The book addresses several theoretical issues including the learning hypothesis which suggests that the fate of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals in the last glacial period might have been due to the differences in learning ability. It has been unequivocally claimed that social learning is intrinsically important for human beings; however, the characteristics of human learning remain under a dense fog despite innumerable studies with children from urban–industrial cultures. Controversy continues on problems such as: do hunter–gatherers teach? If so, what types of teaching occur, who does it, how often, under what contexts, and so on. The book explores the most basic and intrinsic aspects of social learning as well as the foundation of innovative activities in everyday activities of contemporary hunter–gatherer people across the earth. The book examines how hunter-gatherer core values, such as gender and age egalitarianism and extensive sharing of food and childcare are transmitted and acquired by children. Chapters are grouped into five sections: 1) theoretical perspectives of learning in hunter–gatherers, 2) modes and processes of social learning in hunter–gatherers, 3) innovation and cumulative culture, 4) play and other cultural contexts of social learning and innovation, 5) biological contexts of learning and innovation. Ideas and concepts based on the data gathered through an intensive fieldwork by the authors will give much insight into the mechanisms and meanings of learning and education in modern humans.

Evolution, Early Experience and Human Development

Author : Darcia Narváez
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199755051
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution, Early Experience and Human Development by : Darcia Narváez

Download or read book Evolution, Early Experience and Human Development written by Darcia Narváez and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of cognitive psychology has expanded rapidly in recent years, with experts in affective and cognitive neuroscience revealing more about mammalian brain function than ever before. In contrast, psychological problems such as ADHD, autism, anxiety, and depression are on the rise, as are medical conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune disorders. Why, in this era of unprecedented scientific self-knowledge, does there seem to be so much uncertainty about what human beings need for optimal development? Evolution, Early Experience and Human Development asserts that human development is being misshaped by government policies, social practices, and public beliefs that fail to consider basic human needs. In this pioneering volume, scientists from a range of disciplines theorize that the increase in conditions such as depression and obesity can be partially attributed to a disparity between the environments and conditions under which our mammalian brains currently develop and our evolutionary heritage. For example, healthy brain and emotional development depends to a significant extent upon caregiver availability and quality of care. These include practices such as breastfeeding, co-sleeping, and parental social support, which have waned in modern society, but nevertheless may be integral to healthy development. As the authors argue, without a more informed appreciation of the ideal conditions under which human brains/minds develop and function, human beings will continue to struggle with suboptimal mental and physical health, and as problems emerge psychological treatments alone will not be effective. The best approach is to recognize these needs at the outset so as to optimize child development. Evolution, Early Experience and Human Development puts forth a logical, empirically based argument regarding human mammalian needs for optimal development, based on research from anthropology, neurobiology, animal science, and human development. The result is a unique exploration of evolutionary approaches to human behavior that will support the advancement of new policies, new attitudes towards health, and alterations in childcare practices that will better promote healthy human development.

The Sustainability and Development of Ancient Economies

Author : Clement A. Tisdell
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000910628
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sustainability and Development of Ancient Economies by : Clement A. Tisdell

Download or read book The Sustainability and Development of Ancient Economies written by Clement A. Tisdell and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on modern economic theory, this book provides new insights into the economic development of ancient economies and the sustainability of their development. The book pays particular attention to the economics of hunting and gathering societies and their diversity. New ideas are presented about theories of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, including Childe’s theory of this development. The Agricultural Revolution was a major contributor to economic development because in most cases, it generated an economic surplus. However, as shown, income inequality was a necessary condition for the use of this surplus to promote economic development and to avoid the Malthusian population trap. This inequality was evident in the successful operation of the palatial economies of the Minoan and Mycenaean states. Nevertheless, some post-agricultural economies proved to be unsustainable, and they ‘mysteriously’ disappeared. This happened in the case of the Silesian Únětice culture and population. Economic and ecological reasons for this are suggested. The nature of economic development altered with increased trade, the use of barter, and subsequently the supply of money to facilitate this trade. These developments are examined in the context of the palatial economies of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Elsewhere, multinational business made a substantial contribution to the economic growth of Phoenicia, where international trade was not determined by its natural resource endowments. Thus, Phoenician economic exchange and development provides a different set of insights. The book makes an important contribution to the understanding of the evolution of human societies and will therefore be of interdisciplinary interest including economists (especially economic historians), anthropologists and sociologists, some archaeologists, and historians.

The Shamanic Odyssey

Author : Robert Tindall
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 159477501X
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (947 download)

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Book Synopsis The Shamanic Odyssey by : Robert Tindall

Download or read book The Shamanic Odyssey written by Robert Tindall and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals the striking parallels between indigenous cultures of the Americas and the ancient Homeric world as well as Tolkien’s Middle Earth • Explores the shamanic use of healing songs, psychoactive plants, and vision quests at the heart of the Odyssey and the fantasy works of J. R. R. Tolkien • Examines Odysseus’s encounters with plant divinities, altered consciousness, animal shapeshifting, and sacred topography--all concepts vital to shamanism • Reveals how the Odyssey emerged precisely at the rupture between modern and primal consciousness Indigenous, shamanic ways of healing and prophecy are not foreign to the West. The native way of viewing the world--that is, understanding our cosmos as living, sentient, and interconnected--can be found hidden throughout Western literature, beginning with the very origin of the European literary tradition: Homer’s Odyssey. Weaving together the narrative traditions of the ancient Greeks and Celts, the mythopoetic work of J. R. R. Tolkien, and the voices of plant medicine healers in North and South America, the authors explore the use of healing songs, psychoactive plants, and vision quests at the heart of the Odyssey, The Lord of the Rings trilogy, and Tolkien’s final novella, Smith of Wootton Major. The authors examine Odysseus’s encounters with plant divinities, altered consciousness, animal shapeshifting, and sacred topography--all concepts vital to shamanism. They show the deep affinities between the healing powers of ancient bardic song and the icaros of the shamans of the Amazon rain forest, how Odysseus’s battle with Circe--wielder of narcotic plants and Mistress of Animals--follows the traditional method of negotiating with a plant ally, and how Odysseus’s journey to the land of the dead signifies the universal practice of the vision quest, a key part of shamanic initiation. Emerging precisely at the rupture between modern and primal consciousness, Homer’s work represents a window into the lost native mind of the Western world. In this way, the Odyssey as well as Tolkien’s work can be seen as an awakening and healing song to return us to our native minds and bring our disconnected souls back into harmony with the living cosmos.