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Habitat Selection And Dispersal In Juvenile Steelhead Oncorhynchus Mykiss
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Book Synopsis Habitat Selection and Dispersal in Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Austin J. Anderson
Download or read book Habitat Selection and Dispersal in Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Austin J. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to study rivers as complex, continuous, and hierarchical ecosystems to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of ecological processes is becoming increasingly clear. For juvenile anadromous salmonids, this scientific endeavor is uniquely essential as their life history strategies are based upon movement through habitats ranging in scale from small streams to the Pacific Ocean. A major factor influencing their odds of successfully completing this life cycle is their performance during the juvenile freshwater stage, and this performance is heavily influenced by habitat opportunities. Habitat selection in freshwater is closely linked with dispersal behavior, which facilitates movement between habitats of variable quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat selection and dispersal on an intermediate spatial scale that bridged the microhabitat (individual), reach (
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Knut Marius Myrvold
Download or read book The Ecology of Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Knut Marius Myrvold and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying the processes by which populations are governed and the conditions under which they are operant is a primary interest in ecology and has obvious relevance for management. Anadromous Pacific salmonids represent a particularly imperiled taxon with large conservation interest, especially in the Columbia River Basin, USA. This project concerned the juvenile rearing stage of a population of threatened Snake River steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Lapwai Creek watershed, Idaho. The system is characterized by hot and dry summers, heterogeneous habitat conditions, and substantial differences in densities both within and among tributary streams. The primary goal of this research was to identify mechanistic linkages between individual- and population-level demographic parameters and their environment, and to understand how population processes operate to shape individual performance. The results showed that temperature-induced energetic costs posed constraints on individual growth, suggesting that energetic cost can offset the competitive advantages of large body size when food is a limiting factor. Secondly, density-dependent regulation of cohort size occurred under certain conditions but was not ubiquitous, suggesting population sizes below carrying capacity. The strength of the regulation was explained by environmental conditions and temperature. Thirdly, despite overall low densities, density dependence was manifested in depressed individual growth rates. Growth rates in both cohorts were negatively related to the total population densities, but were inconsistently affected by the densities of the other cohort. Fourthly, habitat-based controls on densities were operant across spatial scales. Whereas watershed topography and discharge regime best described the variation in subyearling densities, yearlings were better described by channel hydraulics. Finally, site fidelity was overall low, suggesting that a large proportion of the individuals were not territorial, and that the propensity to stay was better predicted by habitat factors than biotic factors. In conclusion, these results show an overall strong abiotic control on juvenile steelhead abundance in the study system, but the strength of these controls to vary substantially across time and space. The subsequent strength of the density-dependent processes depended on these abiotic controls. The combined effects of these abiotic and density-dependent controls constrained and shaped individual growth performance and movement decisions.
Book Synopsis Hatcheries, Phenology, and Families by : Marissa H. Jones
Download or read book Hatcheries, Phenology, and Families written by Marissa H. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile ecology can affect subsequent population dynamics. This work focuses on two aspects of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ecology: 1) tradeoffs between naturally-spawned hatchery and wild fish, and 2) the distribution of family groups on the landscape. In Chapter 1, we compared abundance, body condition, and geographic distribution of steelhead fry in a system where hatchery-origin steelhead have been bred to spawn about four months earlier than wild-origin fish. We assigned naturally-spawned steelhead fry to hatchery, wild, or hybrid lineages using a panel of 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The observed mixture proportions were 0.005 hatchery-, 0.313 hybrid-, and 0.682 wild-lineage fish. We hypothesized that the low abundance of pure hatchery-lineage fry may be due to a mismatch between the timing of breeding by the parents and suitable river conditions, resulting in low survival and physical displacement from the system. The second chapter focuses on the capacity for kin selection in juvenile steelhead. Laboratory work has established the capacity for kin-biased behavior, but field studies have been less conclusive regarding whether juvenile salmonids have the opportunity to interact with siblings in the wild. Here, we tested the null hypothesis that siblings are distributed randomly across the landscape. Pedigree analysis was performed in COLONY2 to identify full-sibling groups. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that individuals less than 1 km apart were more genetically similar than expected by chance. Siblings were generally too far apart to interact, but not exclusively: in 18 out of 53 large family groups containing 5 or more individuals, the median distance between individuals was 0 m. We conclude that juvenile dispersal is prominent during the first four months after emergence. We suggest that future research focus more on the conditions and characteristics of siblings that do aggregate versus those that disperse over large or short distances.
Book Synopsis A Comparative Analysis of Habitat and Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Demographics in an Altered Watershed by : Richard Bruce Hartson
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Habitat and Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Demographics in an Altered Watershed written by Richard Bruce Hartson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Distribution, Abundance, and Emigration of Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), and Analysis of Stream Habitat in the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon by : Jeffery M. Dambacher
Download or read book Distribution, Abundance, and Emigration of Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), and Analysis of Stream Habitat in the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon written by Jeffery M. Dambacher and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snorkel dive estimates and an inventory of stream habitat of the juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population in the Steamboat Creek basin were made in the summers of 1987 and 1988. Emigration was monitored by fish trapping from spring through fall of 1988. Distribution, abundance, and habitat utilization of juvenile steelhead were affected by stream size and temperature. The majority (65%) of age>1 fish were in two mainstem channels, whereas numbers of age 0 fish were more evenly distributed throughout the basin. Age>1 fish significantly (PO.005) increased their use of riffles with depth, and avoided shallow riffles. Where riffles were apparently too shallow, age1 steelhead utilized pool habitat to a greater extent. Age>1 steelhead greatly avoided glides in all sizes of channels. Age 0 steelhead appeared to be less restricted in their choice of habitat than age>1 fish. Age 0 fish, presumably by virtue of a smaller body size, showed only slightly increased use of riffles with depth. Both age 0 and>1 steelhead increased their use of riffles in streams with higher temperature regimes. Densities of age>1 fish in channels with large boulder substrate increased significantly (p=O.02) with mean riffle depth, probably as a function of more wetted area being useable in streams with deep riffles, and more feeding microhabitats being afforded by rough channels. Densities of age 0 fish did not appear to be affected by the range of stream sizes studied, or by channel roughness, but were low in all channels with high stream temperatures. Compared to other steelhead producing streams, Steamboat Creek had low summer rearing densities, small smolts, and an exceptionally high proportion of fish emigrating as parr (considered to be at least one year away from development of smolt characteristics). Roughly 120,000 age 0 steelhead, 60,000 parr, and 4,100 steelhead smolts were estimated to have emigrated from the basin. Most parr emigrated in the spring when stream flows were high, whereas the majority of age 0 fish emigrated during summer base flow recession. I suggest that parr emigration from Steamboat Creek may be a life history adaptation that takes advantage of rearing conditions downstream in the North Umpqua River.
Book Synopsis Tradeoffs of Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Rearing in an Intermittently Closed Estuary, Northern California USA by : William Carson Matsubu
Download or read book Tradeoffs of Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Rearing in an Intermittently Closed Estuary, Northern California USA written by William Carson Matsubu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estuarine environments provide an essential habitat to many aquatic animals and, in some settings, can be susceptible to drastic environmental transformations caused by deviations in connectivity with the ocean. In these intermittently closed estuaries (ICEs), the presence or absence of a barrier beach, naturally controlled by wave action and river flow, determines the mouth state (closed or open). Depending on the frequency and duration of closures and reopenings, ICEs can create a conundrum for inhabitants, especially diadromous fish that must transit between marine and freshwater habitats to reproduce. Changes in connectivity to the ocean not only obstructs migration between the ocean and the river but can also cause deadly conditions, especially for juvenile pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) that have a narrow range of physiological tolerances for the abiotic variables susceptible to large fluctuations in ICEs. Despite these hurdles, ICEs constitute essential habitats for threatened populations of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This dissertation utilizes a threatened population of juvenile steelhead in the Russian River estuary, northern California, USA as a case study to examine an array of relevant topics about the efficacy of a juvenile anadromous fish occupying an ICE. The intersection of a threatened fish with a plastic and complex life history within an understudied system provides many challenges as well as opportunities. In addition to a brief introduction (Chapter 1) and conclusion (Chapter 6), the main chapters of this dissertation (Chapters 2-5) will address knowledge gaps specific to juvenile steelhead in the Russian River estuary. The second chapter addressed uncertainties regarding what abiotic conditions juvenile steelhead are exposed to and how steelhead may avoid physiologically stressful conditions. Specifically, we answered the following questions: (1) "What are the WQ habitats used by juvenile steelhead during open and closed conditions in an ICE?" and (2) "What behavioural change is evidenced between open and closed conditions that might alter the juvenile steelhead's risk of exposure to stressful WQ?" To answer these questions, we combined thermal sensor encoded acoustic telemetry and coincidental WQ sampling. Chapter two determined that, under open conditions, juvenile steelhead experienced primarily brackish and saline water in the lower and middle reaches and warm freshwater in the upper reach, whereas under closed conditions, they moved greater distances and were found to be aggregating near cool water refugia not used during open mouth conditions. These findings shed light on the abiotic conditions juvenile steelhead are exposed to and emphasize the importance of tributary hydrogeomorphic processes and groundwater linkages in subwatersheds that are sources of cool water refugia in ICEs. The purpose of the third chapter was to evaluate the vertical response of juvenile steelhead to the physiochemical conditions (i.e., temperature, DO, salinity) in the Russian River estuary. This chapter further explored the acoustic telemetry and simultaneously collected WQ data from chapter two to test the following hypotheses: (i) juvenile steelhead will shift their position in the water column based on prevailing physiochemical conditions; (ii) the degree to which juvenile steelhead adjust their position in the water column will vary with fish size; and (iii) smaller juvenile steelhead will risk potentially stressful conditions to take advantage of prey sources. The results indicated the depth of fish varied in response to the present abiotic conditions and typically reflected the occupation of more energetically and physiologically beneficial habitats, with smaller fish being shallower in the water column when proximate salinities are higher. Results indicated management activities that promote open mouth conditions may create challenges for steelhead that are not acclimated to saline conditions but reveal foraging strategies used by juvenile steelhead that are not yet tolerant of higher salinities. Macroinvertebrates are fundamental to the food webs, yet their response to management activities that affect connectivity to the ocean is not well understood. The fourth chapter used systematic sampling of the benthic and epibenthic macroinvertebrates to assess factors that affect the diversity and abundance of key food web taxa. Similar to other ICEs, the macroinvertebrate assemblage of the Russian River estuary was primarily composed of taxa that can deal with the variability, either physiologically or behaviourally. Furthermore, the prominent food web taxa were abundant during both open and closed mouth conditions and were found in large aggregations in habitat only inundated during closed mouth conditions. These increased densities in the closure-inundated habitat may reflect more expansive aggregations of key food web taxa that would lead to more efficient foraging for juvenile steelhead. Although the growth rates of juvenile steelhead in ICEs have been reported near the highest in literature, leading to increased marine survival, the specific factors contributing to this growth have not been specifically evaluated. The fifth chapter incorporated observed growth rates, a diet analysis, and thermal history of juvenile steelhead into a bioenergetics model to explore factors that most influence the growth potential of juvenile steelhead. In this chapter, I confirmed that growth rates of juvenile steelhead in the Russian River estuary rival the highest in literature and are attributed to ample foraging opportunities and the ability of juvenile steelhead to thermo-regulate behaviourally in the heterogeneous abiotic environment. Higher energetic costs due to higher temperatures in the upper reach were possibly buffered by the consumption of more energy dense prey. These results indicated that growth is likely not limiting the recovery of threatened steelhead in the Russian River estuary. With many populations of salmonids imperiled near their southern range, efforts for recovery could benefit from protecting habitats in ICEs and considering the impacts of management activities to the water quality conditions.
Book Synopsis Seasonal Use of Habitat by Juvenile Steelhead Trout in Hurdygurdy Creek, California, and Implications for Stream Enhancement by : Robert F. Franklin
Download or read book Seasonal Use of Habitat by Juvenile Steelhead Trout in Hurdygurdy Creek, California, and Implications for Stream Enhancement written by Robert F. Franklin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Population Dynamics of Juvenile Steelhead Trout in Relation to Density and Habitat Characteristics by : Mark A. Allen
Download or read book Population Dynamics of Juvenile Steelhead Trout in Relation to Density and Habitat Characteristics written by Mark A. Allen and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geographical and Seasonal Variation in Diel Habitat Use by Juvenile (age 1+) Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Oregon Coastal and Inland Streams by : Jon Benjamin Grunbaum
Download or read book Geographical and Seasonal Variation in Diel Habitat Use by Juvenile (age 1+) Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Oregon Coastal and Inland Streams written by Jon Benjamin Grunbaum and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling of Juvenile Steelhead Growth and Movements in the Pine River, Michigan by : Bradley Edwin Thompson
Download or read book Modeling of Juvenile Steelhead Growth and Movements in the Pine River, Michigan written by Bradley Edwin Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Current Advances in Ecological & Environmental Sciences by :
Download or read book Current Advances in Ecological & Environmental Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Biology of the Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in the Mattole River Estuary/lagoon, California by : Paul A. Zedonis
Download or read book The Biology of the Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in the Mattole River Estuary/lagoon, California written by Paul A. Zedonis and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in the Ecology of Stream-Dwelling Salmonids by : Javier Lobon-Cervia
Download or read book Advances in the Ecology of Stream-Dwelling Salmonids written by Javier Lobon-Cervia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Survival and Behavior of Juvenile Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Two Small Estuaries in Oregon by : Jeremy D. Romer
Download or read book Survival and Behavior of Juvenile Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Two Small Estuaries in Oregon written by Jeremy D. Romer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations are at risk throughout Oregon, including five populations that are federally listed as threatened or endangered. However, little is known about behavior and survival of these fish as they transition from freshwater to seawater. We investigated whether estuarine survival varies on a temporal scale within or between years, on a spatial scale between zones within the estuary, and between basins within the same distinct population segment. We implanted acoustic transmitters on 69 wild steelhead smolts in the Nehalem basin and 70 in the Alsea basin and compared run timing, migration rate, and estuarine residence times between basins. We also measured gill ATP-ase levels and parasite loads in each basin to evaluate the relationship between these indices and migration timing, life history strategy or age of smoltification. In general, only 40-50% of the wild steelhead smolts tagged at upstream smolt traps were detected entering the ocean, although survival was highly variable among years. The majority of "mortality" occurred in the lower estuary near the mouth. Wild steelhead smolts spent a median of 0.72 and 0.83 d in the estuary in the Nehalem and Alsea basin, respectively, in 2009. This research provides a baseline by which we can monitor temporal changes in the survival and behavior of juvenile salmon in the estuary. Such information is vital for monitoring the impact of estuarine restoration and reiterates the importance of the lower river and estuary environment for smolt survival.
Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences by :
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Territorial Behavior in Juvenile Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Craig A. Tinus
Download or read book Territorial Behavior in Juvenile Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Craig A. Tinus and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile steelhead are known to associate with shiner groups, though they also compete for food. Steelhead form dominance hierarchies within cohorts and aggressively defend feeding territories against all other fish. This study focused on the differential effect of shiner competition on steelhead of different social standing. Survival of subordinate juvenile steelhead was significantly enhanced by the presence of redside shiner under laboratory conditions. A factorial experiment in 80 L tanks examined the relative effects of 0, 3, and 9 shiner at 15° and 20°C on the growth and survival of 3 juvenile steelhead per tank. No temperature effect was detected and there was no significant difference in steelhead growth though statistical power was low (n=5). The largest steelhead did not die in any treatment and no steelhead died in the presence of 9 shiner. In treatments where no shiner were present mortality in the smallest steelhead was 80% (p-value
Book Synopsis Spawning Stocks and Juvenile Summer Habitat of Rainbow Trout and Steelhead, Gulkana River, Alaska by : Thomas Christopher Stark
Download or read book Spawning Stocks and Juvenile Summer Habitat of Rainbow Trout and Steelhead, Gulkana River, Alaska written by Thomas Christopher Stark and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Gulkana River supports the northernmost population of steelhead and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in North America. The summer habitat of Gulkana River juvenile trout (i.e., steelhead and rainbow trout) was identified and described. Analysis of geomorphological features of stream reaches (stream entrenchment, bankfull width-to-depth ratio, sinuosity, channel material, and slope) in relation to differential use of habitat by juvenile trout indicated a strong preference for type C reaches (predominately riffle/run habitat) over type E reaches (predominately slow run habitat). A comparison of micro-habitats (riffle, run, pool, slow run) within those same reaches and distribution of juvenile trout indicated a preference for riffle and run habitat. Most type C reaches in the Mainstem were sparsely populated by juveniles throughout summer. The Middle Fork was devoid of juveniles in early summer. In mid- and late summer, coinciding with the arrival of spawning chinook O. tshawytscha and sockeye salmon O. nerka, most riffle/run reaches in the Middle Fork were occupied by juvenile trout. The steelhead spawning population has declined from an estimated 200-1,000 fish two decades ago to 20-50 fish during this study (1993-1995). Rainbow trout stocks are also apparently low. Monitoring of Copper River fisheries and Gulkana spawning populations and an investigation into other steelhead spawning populations in the Copper River basin are recommended"--3.
