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Group Lending With Heterogeneous Types
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Book Synopsis Group Lending with Heterogeneous Types by : Li Gan
Download or read book Group Lending with Heterogeneous Types written by Li Gan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Group lending has been widely adopted in the past thirty years by many microfinance institutions as a means to mitigate information asymmetries when delivering credit to the poor. This paper proposes an empirical method to address the potential omitted-variable problem resulting from unobserved group types when modeling the repayment behavior of group members. We estimate the model using a rich dataset from a group-lending program in India. The estimation results support our model specification and show the advantages of relying on a type-varying method when analyzing the probability of default of group members. In particular, our model helps to better understand the factors driving repayment behavior, which may differ across group types, and shows a higher predictive power than standard single-agent choice models.
Book Synopsis Group Lending with Heterogeneous Types by : Li Gan
Download or read book Group Lending with Heterogeneous Types written by Li Gan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes and implements a mixture model to account for the unobserved group heterogeneity when modeling repayment behavior in group lending. We discuss the model properties and identification. We estimate the model using a rich dataset from a group lending program in India. The estimation results support the existence of two different group types: “responsible” and “irresponsible” groups. We find that the effects of the factors driving the repayment behavior differ across types. The model also shows a higher predictive performance than standard probabilistic models, particularly in identifying potential defaulters. We provide evidence supporting the robustness of the estimations.
Book Synopsis Group Versus Individual Liability by : Xavier Gine
Download or read book Group Versus Individual Liability written by Xavier Gine and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Group liability is often portrayed as the key innovation that led to the explosion of the microcredit movement, which started with the Grameen Bank in the 1970s and continues on today with hundreds of institutions around the world. Group lending claims to improve repayment rates and lower transaction costs when lending to the poor by providing incentives for peers to screen, monitor, and enforce each other's loans. However, some argue that group liability creates excessive pressure and discourages good clients from borrowing, jeopardizing both growth and sustainability. Therefore, it remains unclear whether group liability improves the lender's overall profitability and the poor's access to financial markets. The authors worked with a bank in the Philippines to conduct a field experiment to examine these issues. They randomly assigned half of the 169 pre-existing group liability 'centers' of approximately twenty women to individual-liability centers (treatment) and kept the other half as-is with group liability (control). We find that the conversion to individual liability does not affect the repayment rate, and leads to higher growth in center size by attracting new clients.
Book Synopsis The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africas Urban Water Supply by : Katrina Kosec
Download or read book The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africas Urban Water Supply written by Katrina Kosec and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-05-10 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying policies which can improve water sector management is critically important given the global burden of water-related disease. Each year, 1 in 10 child deathsroughly 800,000 in totalis the direct result of diarrhea. Can private-sector participation (PSP) in the urban piped water sector improve child health? The author uses child-level data from 39 African countries during 19862010 to show that introducing PSP decreases diarrhea among urban dwelling children under five years of age by 5.6 percentage points, or 35 percent of its mean prevalence. PSP also leads to greater reliance on piped water. To attribute causality, the author exploits time variation in the private water market share controlled by African countries former colonizers. A placebo analysis reveals that PSP does not affect symptoms of respiratory illness in the same children, nor does it affect a rural control group unaffected by PSP.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Alternative Input Subsidy Exit Strategies on Malawis Maize Commodity Market by : Mariam A. T. J. Mapila
Download or read book The Impact of Alternative Input Subsidy Exit Strategies on Malawis Maize Commodity Market written by Mariam A. T. J. Mapila and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-07-16 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has been conducted in order to generate evidence of the visibility of exit from farm input subsidies in an African context. The study simulates the impact of alternative exit strategies from Malawis farm input subsidy program on maize markets. The simulation is conducted using a multiequation partial equilibrium model of the national maize market, which is sequentially linked via a price-linkage equation to local rural maize markets. The model accounts for market imperfections prevailing in the country that arise from government price interventions. Findings show that some alternative exit strategies have negative and sustained impacts on maize yields, production, and acreage allocated to maize over the simulation period. Market prices rise steadily as a result of the implementation of different exit strategies. Despite higher maize prices, domestic maize consumption remains fairly stable, with a slow but increasing trend over the simulation period. Results further suggest that exit strategies that are coupled with improvements in agricultural extension services have the potential to offset the negative impacts of the removal or scaling down of agricultural input subsidies. The study findings demonstrate the difficulty of feasibly removing farm input subsidies. Study recommendations are therefore relevant for policymakers and development partners debating removal or implementation of farm input subsidies.
Download or read book Savings and Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Journal of Human Development and Sustainability Vol.4, No.1 by :
Download or read book International Journal of Human Development and Sustainability Vol.4, No.1 written by and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Participatory Poverty Assessment by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Participatory Poverty Assessment written by Asian Development Bank and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to help understand the qualitative aspects of poverty from the point of view of the poor, toward a better understanding of how to design programs to reduce it. Drawings around the theme of poverty, done by Mongolian children for this project, help illustrate the issues and the childrens' responses to them. The book is copublished with Mongolia's National Statistics Office and the World Bank and the study was funded by the Netherlands National Poverty Reduction Fund.
Book Synopsis Development Finance As Institution Building by : Jan Pieter Krahnen
Download or read book Development Finance As Institution Building written by Jan Pieter Krahnen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-07-06 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comparative study of programmes against poverty in developing countries, the authors argue that building sustainable, target group-oriented financial institutions is important and feasible, and that it is likely to have greater development impact than the channelling of external funds to poor target groups (small and micro-scale business, small farmers, and women). The analysis has far-reaching implications for development policy and will interest development specialists, policymakers, and scholars of development finance and international banking.
Book Synopsis Informal Credit Markets And The New Institutional Economics by : Sagrario L Floro
Download or read book Informal Credit Markets And The New Institutional Economics written by Sagrario L Floro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conventional wisdomaboutcreditmarketshas been radically alteredin recent years through the introduction of elements of moral hazard,adverseselectionofrisk,and quality-price relationships. Important empiricalstudies have been published which are leading to vastly different policyimplications. This analysis has not been explicitly extended to informalcredit markets so far, although it is widely recognized that credit transactedoutside the banking circuit is quantitatively huge and qualitatively critical,especially in developing countries.This book combines the new theoretical approach to credit markets withcertain precepts of the New Institutional Economics in order to analyzeinformal credit markets. While the formal financial institutions in developingcountries carry out credit transactions within the limits set by the marketenvironment and by government policies, informal institutions evolve by aparticular selection of modes of economic behavior which are responses tointrinsic imperfections of the market. The informal sector enhances trust bymakingexistingtiesanintegralcomponentofcreditcontracts:thecontractualcomponent of informal credit capitalizes on the personalistic (social andeconomic) relationships between the transacting parties.
Book Synopsis The Theory of Credit Contracts by : Christian Prem
Download or read book The Theory of Credit Contracts written by Christian Prem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book Christian Prem features new innovations on several levels. On a conceptual level he presents a complete restructuring and modularisation of the field of lending theory. On a formal level he bestows great care on providing precise definitions and promotes notational standardisation. On a technical level the development of an algorithm to solve repayment games automatically is thoroughly documented. Eventually, new theoretic results on the performance of various credit schemes are established, the quality of existing lending schemes is scrutinised and new more efficient mechanisms are presented. The content therefore inspires theorists as well as it provides well-grounded advice to practitioners in the lending industry. Altogether this thesis is a major step towards improving the quality and applicability of lending theory.
Book Synopsis Microfinance Handbook by : Joanna Ledgerwood
Download or read book Microfinance Handbook written by Joanna Ledgerwood and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-12-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the 'Microfinance Handbook' is to bring together in a single source guiding principles and tools that will promote sustainable microfinance and create viable institutions.
Book Synopsis Welfare and Poverty Impacts of Indias National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme by : Klaus Deininger
Download or read book Welfare and Poverty Impacts of Indias National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme written by Klaus Deininger and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indias National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) is one of the largest public works programs globally. Understanding the impacts of NREGS and the pathway through which its impacts are realized thus has important policy implications. We use a three-round 4,000-household panel from Andhra Pradesh together with administrative data to explore short- and medium-term poverty and welfare effects of NREGS. Triple difference estimates suggest that participants significantly increase consumption (protein and energy intake) in the short run and accumulate more nonfinancial assets in the medium term. Direct benefits exceed program-related transfers and are most pronounced for scheduled castes and tribes and households supplying casual labor. Asset creation via program-induced land improvements is consistent with a medium-term increase in assets by nonparticipants and increases in wage income in excess of program cost.
Book Synopsis Links between Tenure Security and Food Security by : Hosaena Ghebru Hagos
Download or read book Links between Tenure Security and Food Security written by Hosaena Ghebru Hagos and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While numerous studies exist that evaluate the impacts of land reform on household investment behavior, land productivity, and land rental market activities, the literature is thin in terms of showing the direct food securities impacts of land tenure reforms. This study, thus, uses five rounds of household panel data from Tigray, Ethiopia, collected in the period 19982010 to assess the impacts of a land registration and certification program that aimed to strengthen tenure security and how it has contributed to increased food availability and thus food security in this food-deficit region. Our first survey took place just a year before the intervention (the land certification program). Our panel data in combination with the years of certificate ownership variable allow us to assess the dynamic impacts on food (calorie) availability of strengthened tenure security. Anthropometric data also allow us to assess potential child nutrition impacts of the reform 812 years after its implementation. Results show that land certification appears to have contributed to enhanced calorie availability (calorie intake), and more so for female-headed households, either through enhanced land rental market participation or increased investment and productivity on owner-operated land. Results also show that members of households that accessed additional land through the land rental market had a significantly higher body mass index. Though results show that land rental market participation is enhancing production efficiency, high transaction costs in that market suggest there are still unrealized gains from trade. Thus, the recent restrictive regional land law that allows for only short-term rental contracts and does not allow more than 50 percent of land to be rented out may threaten future tenure security and may undermine the benefits from the existing tenure reform.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook of Finance and Sustainability by : Sabri Boubaker
Download or read book Research Handbook of Finance and Sustainability written by Sabri Boubaker and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The severe consequences of the global financial crisis 2008-2009 and numerous accounting frauds and financial scandals over the last fifteen years have let to calls for more ethical and responsible actions in all economic activities including consumption, investing, governance and regulation. Despite the fact that ethics in business and corporate social responsibility rules have been adopted in various countries, more efforts have to be devoted to motivate and empower more actors to integrate ethical behavior and rules in making business and managerial decisions. The Research Handbook of Finance and Sustainability will provide the readers but particularly investors, managers, and policymakers with comprehensive coverage of the issues at the crossroads of finance, ethics and sustainable development as well as proposed solutions, while focusing on three different levels: corporations, investment funds, and financial markets.
Book Synopsis Fair Lending: Race and Gender Data Are Limited for Non-Mortgage Lending by : Orice M. Williams
Download or read book Fair Lending: Race and Gender Data Are Limited for Non-Mortgage Lending written by Orice M. Williams and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fed. Reserve Board¿s (FRB) Regulation B prohibits lenders from collecting certain data from loan applicants, such as their race or gender, for non-mortgage loans (e.g., small business loans). This provision minimized the chances that lenders would use such data in an unlawful and discriminatory manner. However, others argue that the prohibition limits the capacity of researchers and regulators to identify possible discrimination in non-mortgage lending. This testimony discusses an analysis of: (1) studies on possible discrimination in non-mortgage lending and the data used in them; (2) FRB¿s 2003 decision to retain the prohibition of voluntary data collection; and (3) the benefits and costs of a data collection and reporting requirement.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Social Responsibility by : Carlo Borzaga
Download or read book The Economics of Social Responsibility written by Carlo Borzaga and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a rethinking of the burgeoning research on not-for-profit organizations and socially responsible economics. Adopting a comparative approach, the chapters explore and reinterpret the impact of social enterprises on the provision of general-interest services, work integration, microfinance, and fair trade, and show how these enterprises form the hub of an emerging economy of social responsibility. The book provides a new interpretation of social enterprises as entrepreneurial organizations that pursue social objectives and are successful due to the non-self-seeking motives of their members. This book will be of interest to postgraduate students, professionals working in the not-for-profit sector, and scholars interested in socially responsible economics. It is particularly suitable for seminars and workshops focusing on the management of not-for-profit organizations, sustainable development, and globalization.
