Gender Differences in Academic Performance the Role of Exam Design in Multiple-Choice Tests

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Differences in Academic Performance the Role of Exam Design in Multiple-Choice Tests by : Patricia Funk

Download or read book Gender Differences in Academic Performance the Role of Exam Design in Multiple-Choice Tests written by Patricia Funk and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate inherent gender bias in frequently used exam designs in higher education. Specifically, we study whether grade penalties for wrong answers in multiple-choice tests hurt female performance. We conducted a field experiment in a real-life final-exam setting, where students were randomly allocated to different exam permutations, which differed in the questions that carried penalties for wrong answers. Our results indicate that penalties do not lead to female underperformance but, on the contrary, women tend to do relatively better when there is negative marking for wrong answers. This performance difference is explained by differences in students abilities rather than gender-related attributes (e.g., differences in risk aversion), as women in our sample are of higher ability. Overall, we find that ability is the main determinant of differential performance under alternative grading schemes.

Gender Differences in Academic Performance

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (966 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Differences in Academic Performance by : Patricia Funk

Download or read book Gender Differences in Academic Performance written by Patricia Funk and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate whether penalizing wrong answers on multiple-choice tests ("negative marking") makes females relatively worse off compared to males (the comparison being no penalties for wrong answers). With a cohort of more than 500 undergraduate students at a major Spanish university, we conducted a field experiment in the Microeconomics course. We created a final exam, which was composed of two parts: one with penalties for wrong answers and one without. Students were randomly allocated to different exam permutations, which differed in the questions that carried penalties for wrong answers. We find that the penalties did not harm female students. Females performed better than males on both parts of the exam and did so to a greater extent on the part with penalties. Whereas risk aversion did not affect overall scores (despite affecting answering behavior), ability did. High-ability students performed relatively better with negative marking, and these were more likely to be women.

Gender and Fair Assessment

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135454930
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and Fair Assessment by : Warren W. Willingham

Download or read book Gender and Fair Assessment written by Warren W. Willingham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been many important changes in the participation of women and men in American society over the past quarter-century. Tests play a role in those changes by providing evidence of the diverse achievement and proficiency of women and men. They aid the learning process and reflect inequalities in opportunity to learn and participate. In addition, they provide useful information in considering what alternatives in education and work make most sense for individuals and influence views about groups of students, educational programs, and a wide range of issues. For all of these reasons, it is important that tests assess fairly and reflect accurately the ways young people are and are not achieving as well as desired. The test performance of women and men is a research topic of historical interest and has received much attention in recent years. Because of this increased interest, there is a great deal of new research and data available. The purpose of the study presented in this volume was to review this new information with two objectives in mind: *to clarify patterns of gender difference and similarity in test performance and related achievements, and *to see what implications those findings might have for fair assessment and, as a corollary, examine the assessment process as a possible source of gender differences. This study is interested in tests used in education to assess developed knowledge and skill. In order to gain a broader view of gender similarity and difference, the contributors looked at other types of measures and other characteristics of young women and men. Their hope is to contribute to a firmer basis for insuring fairness in tests--an objective which is particularly important as the field moves increasingly to new forms of assessment in which there is less experience.

Choke

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416596186
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Choke by : Sian Beilock

Download or read book Choke written by Sian Beilock and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previously published in hardcover: New York: Free Press, 2010.

PISA The ABC of Gender Equality in Education Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence

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Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264229949
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)

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Book Synopsis PISA The ABC of Gender Equality in Education Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence by : OECD

Download or read book PISA The ABC of Gender Equality in Education Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating compilation of the recent data on gender differences in education presents a wealth of data, analysed from a multitude of angles in a clear and lively way.

The Role of Constructs in Psychological and Educational Measurement

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135649898
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Constructs in Psychological and Educational Measurement by : Henry I. Braun

Download or read book The Role of Constructs in Psychological and Educational Measurement written by Henry I. Braun and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors to the volume represent an international "who's who" of research scientists from the fields of psychology and measurement. It offers the insights of these leading authorities regarding cognition and personality. In particular, they address the roles of constructs and values in clarifying the theoretical and empirical work in these fields, as well as their relation to educational assessment. It is intended for professionals and students in psychology and assessment, and almost anyone doing research in cognition and personality.

Are We Testing Students Accurately? How Multiple-choice Exam Questions Increase the Gender Gap in Test Scores

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Are We Testing Students Accurately? How Multiple-choice Exam Questions Increase the Gender Gap in Test Scores by :

Download or read book Are We Testing Students Accurately? How Multiple-choice Exam Questions Increase the Gender Gap in Test Scores written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standardised exams, often used to test students and screen job candidates, regularly include multiple-choice questions. These questions are considered objective and easy to mark. This Research Insight suggesst men have an advantage in multiple-choice questions compared to other formats of assessments. [Publisher summary, ed]

The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores by : Katherine B. Coffman

Download or read book The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores written by Katherine B. Coffman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple-choice exams play a critical role in university admissions across the world. A key question is whether imposing penalties for wrong answers on these exams deters guessing from women more than men, disadvantaging female test takers. We consider data from a large-scale, high-stakes policy change that removed penalties for wrong answers on the national college entry exam in Chile. We find that the policy change significantly reduced a large gender gap in questions skipped. It also impacted gender gaps in performance, leading to increased representation of women in the top percentiles of achievement.

Gender and Fair Assessment

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9780805823318
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (233 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and Fair Assessment by : Warren W. Willingham

Download or read book Gender and Fair Assessment written by Warren W. Willingham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1997 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of gender differences and similarities in test performance. Based on a review of current research as well as extensive new data, the authors describe results for different types of knowledge and skills in nationally representative samples, as well as major high-stakes tests. They also present data on grades, accomplishments, and patterns of experience and interest that play a critical role in the development of young women and men. The book examines the implications of these patterns and other research evidence on a number of questions and identifies seven important issues in fair assessment.

Test Format and the Variation of Gender Achievement Gaps Within the United States

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Test Format and the Variation of Gender Achievement Gaps Within the United States by : Sean Reardon

Download or read book Test Format and the Variation of Gender Achievement Gaps Within the United States written by Sean Reardon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior research demonstrates the existence of gender achievement gaps and the variation in the magnitude of these gaps across states. This paper characterizes the extent to which the variation of gender achievement gaps on standardized tests across the United States can be explained by differing state accountability test formats. A comprehensive analysis of the interplay between state standardized test formats and differences in gender achievement on those tests is important for informing policies and practices that aim for greater equity in education. This study performs both a state-level and district-level analysis, using student test score results in grades 4 and 8 in 2009 from three different tests: (1) state accountability tests (using data from all 50 states and roughly 9,400 school districts); (2) the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) assessment administered by the Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA) (using data from roughly 3,700 school districts); and (3) NAEP tests administered (all 50 states). State accountability tests vary in item format among states; the NWEA and NAEP tests have a common item structure across states. For the state-level analyses, the population of study is the set of 48 U.S. states in the 2008-09 school year. For the district-level analyses, the population of study is the set of districts in both the NWEA and EdFacts data, which is approximately 700 districts. In order to understand the effects of test item format on gendered achievement, researchers leverage the variation in the item format across three assessments to model how within-state gender achievement gaps vary with differences in test item format, specifically the proportion of multiple-choice, short constructed-response, and extended-response questions. States vary substantially in the proportion of multiple-choice items on their tests in mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA) (ranging from 50-100% multiple-choice). Findings reveal that boys do better on multiple-choice tests than girls of the same academic skill. Specifically, estimates imply that gender gaps are, on average 0.22 standard deviations (SD) greater (favoring boys more) on multiple-choice tests than on constructed response item tests. These results appear to be driven primarily by gender-by-item format interactions affecting performance on ELA tests: in ELA, gender gaps on multiple-choice tests are roughly 0.30 to 0.40 SD larger (favoring girls less and boys more) than on constructed-response tests. On mathematics tests, the difference in performance is roughly 0.10 SD smaller, but still favoring girls less and boys more on multiple-choice tests than on constructed-response tests. These patterns are consistent regardless of whether NAEP or NWEA tests are used as the audit test. A table and figures are appended.

Educational Measurement

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1493082256
Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Educational Measurement by : Robert L. Brennan

Download or read book Educational Measurement written by Robert L. Brennan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Educational Measurement has been the bible in its field since the first edition was published by ACE in 1951. The importance of this fourth edition of Educational Measurement is to extensively update and extend the topics treated in the previous three editions. As such, the fourth edition documents progress in the field and provides critical guidance to the efforts of new generations of researchers and practitioners. Edited by Robert Brennan and jointly sponsored by the American Council on Education (ACE) and the National Council on Measurement in Education, the fourth edition provides in-depth treatments of critical measurement topics, and the chapter authors are acknowledged experts in their respective fields. Educational measurement researchers and practitioners will find this text essential, and those interested in statistics, psychology, business, and economics should also find this work to be of very strong interest. Topics covered are divided into three subject areas: theory and general principles; construction, administration, and scoring; and applications. The first part of the book covers the topics of validation, reliability, item response theory, scaling and norming, linking and equating, test fairness, and cognitive psychology. Part two includes chapters on test development, test administration, performance assessment, setting performance standards, and technology in testing. The final section includes chapters on second language testing, testing for accountability in K-12 schools, standardized assessment of individual achievement in K-12 schools, higher education admissions testing, monitoring educational progress, licensure and certification testing, and legal and ethical issues.

Performance Assessments for Adult Education

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309084539
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Assessments for Adult Education by : National Research Council

Download or read book Performance Assessments for Adult Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, the nomenclature of adult education includes adult literacy, adult secondary education, and English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) services provided to undereducated and limited English proficient adults. Those receiving adult education services have diverse reasons for seeking additional education. With the passage of the WIA, the assessment of adult education students became mandatory-regardless of their reasons for seeking services. The law does allow the states and local programs flexibility in selecting the most appropriate assessment for the student. The purpose of the NRC's workshop was to explore issues related to efforts to measure learning gains in adult basic education programs, with a focus on performance-based assessments.

The Knowledge Gap

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0735213569
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis The Knowledge Gap by : Natalie Wexler

Download or read book The Knowledge Gap written by Natalie Wexler and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The untold story of the root cause of America's education crisis--and the seemingly endless cycle of multigenerational poverty. It was only after years within the education reform movement that Natalie Wexler stumbled across a hidden explanation for our country's frustrating lack of progress when it comes to providing every child with a quality education. The problem wasn't one of the usual scapegoats: lazy teachers, shoddy facilities, lack of accountability. It was something no one was talking about: the elementary school curriculum's intense focus on decontextualized reading comprehension "skills" at the expense of actual knowledge. In the tradition of Dale Russakoff's The Prize and Dana Goldstein's The Teacher Wars, Wexler brings together history, research, and compelling characters to pull back the curtain on this fundamental flaw in our education system--one that fellow reformers, journalists, and policymakers have long overlooked, and of which the general public, including many parents, remains unaware. But The Knowledge Gap isn't just a story of what schools have gotten so wrong--it also follows innovative educators who are in the process of shedding their deeply ingrained habits, and describes the rewards that have come along: students who are not only excited to learn but are also acquiring the knowledge and vocabulary that will enable them to succeed. If we truly want to fix our education system and unlock the potential of our neediest children, we have no choice but to pay attention.

Active Learning: Theoretical Perspectives, Empirical Studies and Design Profiles

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889458857
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Active Learning: Theoretical Perspectives, Empirical Studies and Design Profiles by : Robert Cassidy

Download or read book Active Learning: Theoretical Perspectives, Empirical Studies and Design Profiles written by Robert Cassidy and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the emerging efforts of a growing international network of researchers and practitioners to promote the development and uptake of evidence-based pedagogies in higher education, at something a level approaching large-scale impact. By offering a communication venue that attracts and enhances much needed partnerships among practitioners and researchers in pedagogical innovation, we aim to change the conversation and focus on how we work and learn together – i.e. extending the implementation and knowledge of co–design methods. In this first edition of our Research Topic on Active Learning, we highlight two (of the three) types of publications we wish to promote. First are studies aimed at understanding the pedagogical designs developed by practitioners in their own practices by bringing to bear the theoretical lenses developed and tested in the education research community. These types of studies constitute the "practice pull" that we see as a necessary counterbalance to "knowledge push" in a more productive pedagogical innovation ecosystem based on research-practitioner partnerships. Second are studies empirically examining the implementations of evidence-based designs in naturalistic settings and under naturalistic conditions. Interestingly, the teams conducting these studies are already exemplars of partnerships between researchers and practitioners who are uniquely positioned as “in-betweens” straddling the two worlds. As a result, these publications represent both the rigours of research and the pragmatism of reflective practice. In forthcoming editions, we will add to this collection a third type of publication -- design profiles. These will present practitioner-developed pedagogical designs at varying levels of abstraction to be held to scrutiny amongst practitioners, instructional designers and researchers alike. We hope by bringing these types of studies together in an open access format that we may contribute to the development of new forms of practitioner-researcher interactions that promote co-design in pedagogical innovation.

The Art of Experimental Economics

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000422976
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Art of Experimental Economics by : Gary Charness

Download or read book The Art of Experimental Economics written by Gary Charness and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying experimental methods has become one of the most powerful and versatile ways to obtain economic insights, and experimental economics has especially supported the development of behavioral economics. The Art of Experimental Economics identifies and reviews 20 of the most important papers to have been published in experimental economics in order to highlight the power and methods of this area, and provides many examples of findings in behavioral economics that have extended knowledge in the economics discipline as a whole. Chosen through a combination of citations, recommendations by scholars in the field, and voting by members of leading societies, the 20 papers under review – some by Nobel prize-winning economists – run the full gamut of experimental economics from theoretical expositions to applications demonstrating experimental economics in action. Also written by a leading experimental economist, each chapter provides a brief summary of the paper, makes the case for why that paper is one of the top 20 in the field, discusses the use made of the experimental method, and considers related work to provide context for each paper. These reviews quickly expose readers to the breadth of application possibilities and the methodological issues, leaving them with a firm understanding of the legacy of the papers’ contributions. This text provides a survey of some of the very best research in experimental and behavioral economics and is a valuable resource for scholars and economics instructors, students seeking to develop capability in applying experimental methods, and economics researchers who wish to further explore the experimental approach.

Gender Differences in Strategic Behaviour Under Competitive Pressure

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Differences in Strategic Behaviour Under Competitive Pressure by : Tuomas Pekkarinen

Download or read book Gender Differences in Strategic Behaviour Under Competitive Pressure written by Tuomas Pekkarinen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies gender differences in performance in university entrance examinations. We exploit data from the exams that the nine Finnish universities providing education in economics and business use to choose their students. These exams are multiple choice tests where wrong answers are penalized by minus points and omissions yield zero points. This scoring rule means that the number of omitted items will affect the probability of entry. The strategic setting of the applicants varies depending on the university where she is applying to and on the amount of starting points that she is rewarded based on her high school success. The results show that, controlling for starting points, women perform worse than men in the entrance exam and are less likely to gain entry. Women also omit more items in the exam. Using the Rasch Model to derive the predicted probabilities of answering items correctly for each applicant, we show that women deviate more from the number of answered items that would maximise the predicted probability of entry than men and that they do so because they answer to too few items.

Resources in Education

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.U/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Resources in Education by :

Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: