Force Majeure And Hardship

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Force Majeure and Hardship Under General Contract Principles

Author : Christoph Brunner
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041127925
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Force Majeure and Hardship Under General Contract Principles by : Christoph Brunner

Download or read book Force Majeure and Hardship Under General Contract Principles written by Christoph Brunner and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lawyers involved in international commercial transactions know well that unforeseen events affecting the performance of a party often arise. Not surprisingly, exemptions for non-performance are dealt with in a significant number of arbitral awards. This very useful book thoroughly analyzes contemporary approaches, particularly as manifested in case law, to the scope and content of the principles of exemption for non-performance which are commonly referred to as 'force majeure' and 'hardship.' The author shows that the 'general principles of law' approach addresses this concern most effectively. Generally accepted and understood by the business world at large, this approach encompasses principles of international commercial contracts derived from a variety of legal systems. It's most important 'restatements' are found in the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UPICC). Establishing specific standards and "case groups" for the exemptions under review, the analysis treats such recurring elements as the following: contractual risk allocations; unforeseeability of an impediment; impediments beyond the typical sphere of risk and control of the obligor; responsibility for third parties (subcontractors, suppliers); legal impediments (acts of public authority) and effect of mandatory rules; involvement of states or state enterprises; interpretation of force majeure and hardship clauses; hardship threshold test; frustration of purpose; irreconcilable differences; comparison with exemptions under domestic legal systems (impossibility of performance, frustration of contract, impracticability) The book is a major contribution to the development of the use of general principles of law in international commercial arbitration. It may be used as a comprehensive commentary on the force majeure and hardship provisions of the UPICC, as well as on Art. 79 of the CISG. In addition, as an insightful investigation into the fundamental question of the limits of the principle of sanctity of contracts, this book is sure to capture the attention of business lawyers and interested academics everywhere.

Hardship and Force Majeure in International Commercial Contracts

Author : Fabio Bortolotti
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403514736
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Hardship and Force Majeure in International Commercial Contracts by : Fabio Bortolotti

Download or read book Hardship and Force Majeure in International Commercial Contracts written by Fabio Bortolotti and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Force Majeure and Hardship are commonly invoked in international trade when unforeseen events occur making performance impossible or impracticable. Most national legislators provide rules to deal with these issues, but the specifi c solutions adopted in domestic laws vary substantially from one country to another. In recent years the growing complexity of trade in a globalized world has greatly increased the number of situations where a party can invoke force majeure or hardship. Parties need to be able to analyse the nature and characteristics of force majeure and hardship and look for contractual clauses which can regulate these issues in conformity with their needs. Written by international practitioners, this dossier explores the evolution of the rules on hardship, the ICC Clause on Hardship and the perspectives of contract adaptation by arbitrators. The section on Force Majeure includes an overview of recent arbitral case law (impediment beyond sphere of control and risk of the obligor; foreseeability; causation; notice requirement), analysis of the ICC 2003 Force Majeure Clause and an update on its revision. Two other important themes are included: the relationship between force majeure and applicable law, general principles of law and trade usages as well as the impact of economic sanctions.

Drafting International Contracts

Author : Marcel Fontaine
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047430239
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis Drafting International Contracts by : Marcel Fontaine

Download or read book Drafting International Contracts written by Marcel Fontaine and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drafting International Contracts is an essential resource for anyone working in international business. The book is a straightforward, easy-to-use tool featuring all the latest trends and developments, including a summary of 25 years of meetings and discussions of the International Contracts Working Group, comprised of professional lawyers, corporate counsel, and academics. It offers a systematic analysis of the main clauses present in international contracts, providing abundant quotations of actual clauses, with critical assessments. The book fosters an understanding of how international contracts are drafted in actual practice. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.

Good Faith in Long-Term Relational Supply Contracts in the Context of Hardship from A Comparative Perspective

Author : Peng Guo
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811655138
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Good Faith in Long-Term Relational Supply Contracts in the Context of Hardship from A Comparative Perspective by : Peng Guo

Download or read book Good Faith in Long-Term Relational Supply Contracts in the Context of Hardship from A Comparative Perspective written by Peng Guo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides fair and acceptable solutions to hardship issues in long-term relational supply contracts. This book uses an approach to strike a balance between the traditional approach underlying classical contract law which emphasises the almost absolute prevalence of the principle of pacta sunt servanda and a flexible approach that is based on the principle of clausula rebus sic stantibus. This book argues for an emerging principle of pacta sunt servanda bona fide on the basis of the relational contract theory. Additionally, this book demonstrates how good faith can serve as a foundation for imposing a duty to renegotiate on the parties. The aim of this book is rather to propose how relational contract theory can be applied to the analysis of specific legal rules in general. Lastly, this boos highlights how the duty to renegotiate and the power to adapt a contract can be further developed upon the occurrence of hardship, based on good faith and the relational nature and characteristics of a long-term relational supply contract. This book explores and enriches the existing research on relational contract theory concentrates primarily on its application in domestic contract laws, particularly in the regulation of long-term contracts in American contract law. As an outcome this book provides a more feasible and satisfactory approach for courts or arbitral tribunals to undertake when facing hardship issues in international contract disputes. Overall, hardship themes, long-term relational supply contracts and good faith are examined extensively.

Contractual Performance and COVID-19

Author : Franz Schwarz
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403526343
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Contractual Performance and COVID-19 by : Franz Schwarz

Download or read book Contractual Performance and COVID-19 written by Franz Schwarz and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll, contractual parties have frequently faced significant obstacles in performing their contractual obligations due to unexpected impediments arising from the pandemic and government measures taken in response. This indispensable book – the most comprehensive comparative examination of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on contractual performance – discusses the legal provisions and doctrines available to address these issues. The book examines under what circumstances COVID-19-related impediments may excuse contractual performance or lead to modification or termination of the affected contractual obligations in twelve representative civil and common law jurisdictions – the United States, England and Wales, Singapore, Brazil, Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Hong Kong, Costa Rica, China, and Russia. For each country, the book examines the following aspects in depth: the relevant fundamental legal principles; the various legal emergency valves available to an obligor to respond to COVID-19-related events; any remedies available to the obligee; selected examples for specific government measures related to particular types of contracts (e.g., construction, employment, lease agreements); and how the legal framework applies in typical factual scenarios. As further legal and factual developments occur, and with further jurisdictions being added, this publication will continue to be updated both online and in print. The book provides a detailed explanation under what conditions the emergency valves specific to each jurisdiction may apply. It cuts through the seeming complexity of the various legal rules and doctrines in these jurisdictions and shows that they often produce similar results in practice. The book thus opens up a wealth of insights for businesses, practitioners, and academics around the globe by providing an easily accessible analytical framework across key jurisdictions and typical factual scenarios. ‘Definitely mandatory reading for practitioners and academics alike!’ –Klaus Peter Berger, University of Cologne ‘Everyone who has had or is likely to have a brush with a COVID-19-induced legal issue would be well advised to keep this book within arm’s reach.’ – Davinder Singh, Davinder Singh Chambers LLC, Singapore ‘The “holy book” for all those lawyers whose clients become ensnared in the rising attempts to fix legal liability midst the rampant COVID-19.’ – Charles Brower, Twenty Essex, London

ICC Force Majeure Clause 2003

Author : Charles Debattista
Publisher : Icc Pub
ISBN 13 : 9789284213191
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis ICC Force Majeure Clause 2003 by : Charles Debattista

Download or read book ICC Force Majeure Clause 2003 written by Charles Debattista and published by Icc Pub. This book was released on 2003 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Sales Law

Author : Larry DiMatteo
Publisher : Nomos/Hart
ISBN 13 : 150995323X
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis International Sales Law by : Larry DiMatteo

Download or read book International Sales Law written by Larry DiMatteo and published by Nomos/Hart. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An indispensable and compact reference guide that provides an ideal platform for scholars, practitioners (in-house counsel, legal advisors and advocates) and students internationally. The reviewer is tempted to extend this list to include commercial parties such as the importers and exporters as the writing is clear, concise and direct, contract clauses and practitioner tips sections are provided, and finally because the book provides illustrations to which they can relate." European Review of Private Law 2017 (of the 1st edition) Almost 5 years have passed since the first edition of this popular work was published. Much relevant case law and legal literature have since been published which requires treatment. Furthermore, several hard and soft laws relevant to the book have undergone important changes: the enactment of the new Chinese Civil Code, the French Civil Code following extensive reforms in in 2016, the UNIDROIT Principles now apply as amended in 2016, and the INCOTERMS 2020 replace the former INCOTERMS 2010. Scholars and practitioners will find its systematic survey of the field invaluable.

International Arbitration in Latin America

Author : Gloria M. Alvarez
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 904119973X
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis International Arbitration in Latin America by : Gloria M. Alvarez

Download or read book International Arbitration in Latin America written by Gloria M. Alvarez and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy projects in Latin America are a major contributor to economic growth worldwide. This book is the first to offer a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of specific issues arising from energy and natural resources contracts and disputes in the region, covering a wide range of procedural, substantive, and socio-legal issues. The book also includes how states have shifted from passive business partners to more active controlling players. The book contains an extensive treatment and examination of the particularities of arbitration practice in Latin America, including arbitrability, public order, enforcement, and the complex public-private nature of energy transactions. Specialists experienced in resolving international energy and natural disputes throughout the region provide detailed analysis of such issues and topics, including: state-owned entities as co-investors or contracting parties; role of environmental law, indigenous rights and public participation; issues related to political changes, corruption, and quantification of damages; climate change, renewable energy, and the energy transition; force majeure, hardship, and price reopeners; arbitration in the electricity sector; take-or-pay contracts; recognition and enforcement of awards; tension between stabilization clauses and human rights; mediation as a method for dispute settlement in the energy and natural resources sector; and different comparative approaches taken by national courts in key Latin American jurisdictions. The book also delivers a clear explanation on the impact made to the arbitration process by Covid-19, emerging laws, changes of political circumstances, the economic global trends in the oil & gas market, the energy transition, and the rise of new technologies. This invaluable book will be welcomed by in-house lawyers, government officials, as well as academics and rest of the arbitration community involved in international arbitration with particular interest in the energy and natural resources sector.

The FIDIC Forms of Contract

Author : Nael G. Bunni
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118658655
Total Pages : 731 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis The FIDIC Forms of Contract by : Nael G. Bunni

Download or read book The FIDIC Forms of Contract written by Nael G. Bunni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-05 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 1999, FIDIC introduced its new Suite of Contracts, which included a “new” Red, Yellow, Silver and Green forms of contract. The “new” Red Book was intended to replace the 1992 fourth edition of the Red Book, with the ambition that its use would cease with time. This ambition has not materialised and is unlikely to do so in the future. Despite the importance of the 1999 Forms, there has been very little published on the new concepts adopted in them and how they interact with the previous forms. This important work considers these aspects together with the many developments affecting the fourth edition of the Red Book that have taken place since 1997, when the second edition of this book was published, and relates them to key contracting issues. It is written by a chartered engineer, conciliator and international arbitrator with wide experience in the use of the FIDIC Forms and in the various dispute resolution mechanisms specified in them. Important features of this book include: · background and concepts of the various forms of contract; · a detailed comparison of the wording of the1999 three main forms, which although similar in nature; it nevertheless significantly differs in certain areas where the three forms diverge due to their intended purpose; · analysis of the rights and obligations of the parties involved in the contract and the allocation of risks concerned; · a range of ‘decision tree’ charts, analysing the main features of the 1992 Red Book, including risks, indemnities and insurances, claims and counterclaims, variations, procedure for claims, programme and delay, suspension, payments and certificates, dispute resolution mechanisms, and dispute boards; · a much enlarged discussion of the meaning of “claim” and “dispute” and the types of claim with a discussion of the Notice provision in the 1999 forms of contract for the submittal of claims by a contractor and by an employer; · the FIDIC scheme of indemnities and insurance requirements; and the methods of dispute resolution provided by the various forms of contract; and · five new chapters in this third edition, the first four chapters deal with each of the 1999 forms and the fifth chapter is confined to the topic of Dispute Boards.

Force Majeure and Hardship

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Force Majeure and Hardship by :

Download or read book Force Majeure and Hardship written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution

Author : Maxi Scherer
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403528435
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution by : Maxi Scherer

Download or read book International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution written by Maxi Scherer and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution Edited by Maxi Scherer, Niuscha Bassiri & Mohamed S. Abdel Wahab The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all major economic sectors and industries has triggered profound and systemic changes in international arbitration. Moreover, the fact that entire proceedings are now being conducted remotely constitutes so significant a deviation from the norm as to warrant the designation ‘revolution’. This timely book is the first to describe and analyse how the COVID-19 crisis has redefined arbitral practice, with critical appraisal from well-known practitioners of the pandemic’s effects on substantive and procedural aspects from the commencement of proceedings until the enforcement of the award. With practical guidance from a variety of perspectives – legal, practical, and sector-specific – on the conduct of international arbitration during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, the chapters present leading practitioners’ insights into the unprecedented and multifaceted issues that arise. They provide expert tips and challenges in such practical matters as the following: preventing and resolving disputes of particular types – construction, energy, aviation, technology, media and telecommunication, finance and insurance; arbitrator appointments; issues of planning, preparation and sample procedural orders; witness preparation and cross-examination; e-signature of arbitral awards; setting aside and enforcement proceedings; and third-party funding. Also included are an empirical survey of users’ views and an overview of how the COVID-19 revolution has affected the arbitration rules of leading arbitral seats. With this timely and practical book, arbitration practitioners and scholars will gain up-to-date knowledge of sector-specific challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and approach arbitration proceedings with an understanding of the most important legal and practical considerations during the crisis and beyond.

A Principled Approach to State Failure

Author : Chiara Giorgetti
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004181288
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis A Principled Approach to State Failure by : Chiara Giorgetti

Download or read book A Principled Approach to State Failure written by Chiara Giorgetti and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-03-08 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first legal study of state failure in international law. Building on a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon, Dr. Giorgetti provides a definition of state failure that informs her study of how international actors may operate in situations of emergencies occurring in failed and failing states. The book specifically focuses on actions taken in health, environmental and human rights emergencies to provide generally applicable conclusions. Indeed, the Principles for Action distilled in the final chapter will provide concrete instruments to the international community to act in emergency situations and will prove to be an important contribution to the development of international law.

FIDIC

Author : Wilfred Abraham
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041123237
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis FIDIC by : Wilfred Abraham

Download or read book FIDIC written by Wilfred Abraham and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this unique guide to the suite of contracts published by FIDIC (The International Federation of Consulting Engineers) - the contract forms most widely used for international construction undertakings - twenty-two outstanding authorities in construction law from a wide variety of countries, describe relevant likely pitfalls (and special opportunities) for foreign lawyers in each of their jurisdictions. This very useful book will be extremely welcome to in-house counsel who must evaluate the legal disposition of a proposed or pending construction contract subject to the laws of a foreign jurisdiction. It will continue to be of service as long as the project proceeds and beyond, particularly for the optimal resolution of disputes.

Arms and Conflict in the Middle East

Author : Riad A. Attar
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849506612
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis Arms and Conflict in the Middle East by : Riad A. Attar

Download or read book Arms and Conflict in the Middle East written by Riad A. Attar and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-21 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study that contributes to the debate on whether defense spending encourages or hinders economic growth. It assesses the effect of politics on economic growth in developing societies, with a focus on the Middle East. It urges Third World leaders to improve levels of freedom, democracy, and openness of their political systems.

Class and Group Actions in Arbitration

Author : Bernard Hanotiau
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041183868
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Class and Group Actions in Arbitration by : Bernard Hanotiau

Download or read book Class and Group Actions in Arbitration written by Bernard Hanotiau and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several decades ago, a typical arbitration would involve one claimant against one respondent. Over the years, more and more cases involve several claimants against several respondents. Today, one third of all international ICC arbitrations seem to involve multiparty cases, multi-contract cases involving multiple contracts, multiple parties. The evolution has continued and the debate today is whether it would be possible for a class of people in the same situation or a group of citizens having the same interest to start one single arbitration procedure as a group or as a class. This publication examines the complex issues involved in class or group arbitration on a comparative law basis. Is there a place for such proceedings within the framework of the arbitration process? Class action procedures, as developed in the United States court system and more recently in Canada, are almost nonexistent in Europe. The European Commission has advocated collective redress as an important means of access to justice but class actions have found little enthusiasm in the Members States. The book highlights the lessons which have been learned from the experience of cases in the US and in Europe. What does the future hold for class, collective and mass arbitrations? Are they a marginal phenomenon or has their potential yet to be realized? What are possible solutions to the issues that have been encountered? Can we expect to see more of such arbitrations in the future? Written by arbitrators, academics and practitioners, this Dossier will provide the answers to these questions and many more.

Document Production in International Arbitration

Author : Reto Marghitola
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041166971
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Document Production in International Arbitration by : Reto Marghitola

Download or read book Document Production in International Arbitration written by Reto Marghitola and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because document production can discover written evidence that would otherwise not be available, it is often the key to winning a case. However, document production proceedings can be a costly and time-consuming exercise, and arbitral awards in particular are often challenged on grounds that relate to document production orders. The task of balancing the conflicting interests of the parties in this context is a major responsibility of arbitral tribunals. This book's analysis focuses on whether there exist legal principles on which arbitrators should establish rules of document production in both civil law and common law countries, and shows how international arbitration is affected. The author examines the relevant discretion of arbitral tribunals under US, English, Swiss, German, and Austrian law, and under nine of the most important sets of institutional rules, including the ICC Rules, the LCIA Rules, and the Swiss Rules. The presentation mines case law and legal literature for concepts based on the common expectations of the parties, the legitimate expectations of a party, the duty to balance different procedural expectations of the parties, the presumed intent of the parties, the underlying hypothetical bargain, implied terms, and the arbitrators' discretion. Among the topics and issues investigated are the following: - procedural rules on document production versus procedural flexibility; - how arbitral tribunals can modify the IBA Rules on a case-by-case basis; - discretion granted by legislation in each country covered; - electronic document production; - how to deal with privilege and confidentiality objections; - how to formulate or answer document production requests; - effective sanctions in case of non-compliance with procedural orders of the arbitral tribunal; - what grounds for annulment and non-enforcement a losing party can raise in what countries. Perhaps the greatest benefit of the book is the inclusion of model clauses, commensurate with both civil law and common law expectations. The author explicates the advantages and inconveniences of each model clause, and clarifies the influence of each clause on the efficiency of the proceedings and the enforcement risk. For practitioners, the book not only gives counsel a thorough overview of possible arguments for and against document production, but also assists arbitrators find a way through the jungle of opinions on the interpretation of the IBA Rules. Legal academics will appreciate the author's deeply informed analysis and commentary and the book's contribution to increasing the predictability of arbitral decisions on document production and showing how issues in dispute can be narrowed by tailor-made rules, thus helping to raise the efficiency and reduce the costs of arbitral proceedings.

International Sales Agreements

Author : James M. Klotz
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403500913
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis International Sales Agreements by : James M. Klotz

Download or read book International Sales Agreements written by James M. Klotz and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2018-05-07 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to domestic transactions, the risks associated with international sales are greatly multiplied. It is a rare international sales agreement to rely on minor variations of standard terms, as is so often the case in domestic agreements. Foreign laws, export/import and currency exchange controls, treaties, transit issues, inspection of goods, insurance, tariffs – all these and more – must be taken into account in contract negotiations. This is the third edition of an enormously useful book that guides practitioners through the process of drawing up sound agreements for the international sale of goods. Organized according to the framework of an annotated agreement, with detailed commentary on each provision, it incorporates hundreds of sample clauses designed to cover every contingency, including such factors as the following (and a great deal more): • definitions; • price adjustments; • labelling; • transportation modes; • confidentiality; • INCOTERMS; • documentation; • delivery dates; • limitation of liability; • arbitration; and • corruption. Although the clauses are drawn without reference to any particular country, relevant considerations are covered in the commentary to each clause. Appendices reprint the texts of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), the UNIDROIT Principles, and the Principles of European Contract Law. For lawyers charged with drafting an international sales contract, this book is invaluable. Clause by clause, it clearly details the drafting process, commenting expertly on every issue likely to arise. It would be hard to find a more useful guide.