Fluoridation Of Public Water Supplies

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Fluoride in Drinking Water

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030910128X
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluoride in Drinking Water by : National Research Council

Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.

Fluoridation Facts

Author : American Dental Association
Publisher : American Dental Association
ISBN 13 : 1684470064
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (844 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluoridation Facts by : American Dental Association

Download or read book Fluoridation Facts written by American Dental Association and published by American Dental Association. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All-in-one resource in for everything related to fluoridated water, from its impact on dental health to its safety and cost-effectiveness. Dispelling common myths that fluoridation is dangerous, this book provides science-backed information based on the most current research in Q&A format. This is the most in-depth and up-to-date educational resource available regarding fluoridated water, from the American Dental Association.

The Case Against Fluoride

Author : Paul H. Connett
Publisher : Chelsea Green Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1603582878
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Case Against Fluoride by : Paul H. Connett

Download or read book The Case Against Fluoride written by Paul H. Connett and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the case of water fluoridation, the chemicals used to fluoridate the water that more than 180 million people drink each day are not pharmaceutical grade, but rather hazardous waste products of the phosphate fertilizer industry; it is illegal to dump them into rivers and lakes or release them into the atmosphere. And water fluoridation is a prime example of one of the worst medical practices possible-forced medication with no control over the dose or who gets it. Perhaps most shocking of all, it is not subject to any federal regulation. At once painstakingly-documented and also highly-readable, The Case Against Fluoride brings new research to light, including links between fluoride and harm to the brain, bones, and kidneys, and argues that while there is possible value in topical applications like brushing your teeth with fluoride toothpaste, the evidence that swallowing fluoride reduces tooth decay is surprisingly weak.

Fluoride in Drinking Water

Author : A.K. Gupta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498756530
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluoride in Drinking Water by : A.K. Gupta

Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking Water written by A.K. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the Health Effects of Fluoride PollutionFluoride in Drinking Water: Status, Issues, and Solutions establishes the negative impacts of naturally occurring fluoride on human health and considers the depth and scope of fluoride pollution on an international scale. The book discusses current global water quality and fluoride-related issues and

Fluorine and Health

Author : Alain Tressaud
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080558119
Total Pages : 821 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluorine and Health by : Alain Tressaud

Download or read book Fluorine and Health written by Alain Tressaud and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-06-06 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorine and Health presents a critical multidisciplinary overview on the contribution of fluorinated compounds to resolve the important global issue of medicinal monitoring and health care. The involved subjects are organized in three thematic parts devoted to Molecular Imaging, Biomedical Materials and Pharmaceuticals. Initially the key-position of partially fluorinated low molecular weight compounds labelled either with the natural 19F-isotope for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or labelled with the radioactive [18F]-isotope for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is highlighted. Both non-invasive methods belong to the most challenging in vivo imaging techniques in oncology, neurology and in cardiology for the diagnosis of diseases having the highest mortality in the industrialized countries. The manifold facets of fluorinated biomaterials range from inorganic ceramics to perfluorinated organic molecules. Liquid perfluorocarbons are suitable for oxygen transport and as potential respiratory gas carriers, while fluorinated polymers are connected to the pathology of blood vessels. Another important issue concerns the application of highly fluorinated liquids in ophthalmology. Moreover, fluorine is an essential trace element in bone mineral, dentine and tooth enamel and is applied for the prophylaxis and treatment of dental caries. The various origins of human exposure to fluoride species is detailed to promote a better understanding of the effect of fluoride species on living organisms.Medicinally relevant fluorinated molecules and their interactions with native proteins are the main focus of the third part. New molecules fluorinated in strategic position are crucial for the development of pharmaceuticals with desired action and optimal pharmacological profile. Among the hundreds of marketed active drug components there are more than 150 fluorinated compounds. The chapters will illustrate how the presence of fluorine atoms alters properties of bioactive compounds at various biochemical steps, and possibly facilitate its emergence as pharmaceuticals. Finally the synthetic potential of a fluorinase, the first C-F bond forming enzyme, is summarized. - New approach of topics involving chemistry, biology and medicinal techniques - Transdisciplinar papers on fluoride products - Importance of fluoride products in health - Updated data on specific topics

Fluoride in Drinking-water

Author : John Kirtley Fawell
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241563192
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluoride in Drinking-water by : John Kirtley Fawell

Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking-water written by John Kirtley Fawell and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentration in a number of parts of the world, where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of this book is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels, and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer reviewed by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-waterwill be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners, as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, development workers, and consultants.

Fluorides in the Environment

Author : Leonard H. Weinstein
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 9780851998725
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluorides in the Environment by : Leonard H. Weinstein

Download or read book Fluorides in the Environment written by Leonard H. Weinstein and published by CABI. This book was released on 2004 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoride pollution is a problem in all industrialized countries. The topic of fluorides in medicine and agriculture, and fluoridation of public water supplies is one that has attracted much controversy. This book aims to review the research findings, and provide a comprehensive reference on the effects of fluorides on plants and animals. It also includes information on conducting field surveys, establishing air quality criteria and standards, and the problems associated with fluoride analysis in air, water, soil and vegetation.

Salt Fluoridation

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Salt Fluoridation by :

Download or read book Salt Fluoridation written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1986 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This publication discusses salt flouridation as a means of preventing dental caries. The state of dental health in the Americas is reviewed and the results of two conferences on salt flouridation are examined. Topics include: salt flouridation in various countries; epidemiologic nutritional, and metabolic aspects of salt flouridation; sociopolitical, economic, and educational aspects of salt flouridation; and monitoring, supervision, and safety of salt flouridation.

Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes

Author : Lawrence K. Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1597450294
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (974 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes by : Lawrence K. Wang

Download or read book Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-10 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past thirty years have witnessed a growing worldwide desire that po- tive actions be taken to restore and protect the environment from the degr- ing effects of all forms of pollution—air, water, soil, and noise. Because pollution is a direct or indirect consequence of waste, the seemingly idealistic demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unrealistic demand for zero waste. However, as long as waste continues to exist, we can only attempt to abate the subsequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. Three major questions usually arise when a particular type of pollution has been id- tified: (1) How serious is the pollution? (2) Is the technology to abate it ava- able? and (3) Do the costs of abatement justify the degree of abatement achieved? This book is one of the volumes of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series. The principal intention of this series is to help readers f- mulate answers to the last two questions above. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution problems has been a major contributing factor to the success of en- ronmental engineering, and has accounted in large measure for the establi- ment of a “methodology of pollution control. ” However, the realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken.

The Fluoride Wars

Author : R. Allan Freeze
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470463678
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fluoride Wars by : R. Allan Freeze

Download or read book The Fluoride Wars written by R. Allan Freeze and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lively account of fluoridation and its discontents Since its first implementation in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1945, public drinking water fluoridation and its attendant conflicts, controversies, and conspiracy theories serve as an object lesson in American science, public health, and policymaking. In addition to the arguments on the issue still raging today, the tale of fluoridation and its discontents also resonates with such present concerns as genetically modified foods, global warming response, nuclear power, and environmental regulation. Offering the best current thinking on the issue, The Fluoride Wars presents a witty and detailed social history of the fluoridation debate in America, illuminating the intersection of science and politics in our recent past. This reader-friendly assessment explores the pro- and anti-fluoridation movements, key players, and important events. Full of amusing and vivid anecdotes and examples, this accessible recounting includes: A careful and non-condescending look at the hard science, popular science, pseudo-science, and junk science involved A look at fluoride issues including dosage, cost, financial and funding interests, fluorosis, and problems of risk-cost-benefit analysis The back-and-forth drama between pro- and anti-fluoridation factions, with all its claims, counterclaims, insults, acrimony, and lawsuits Case studies of various cities and their experiences with municipal water fluoridation initiatives Fluorophobia and popular conspiracy theories involving fluoride The colorful characters in the debate including activists, scientists, magicians, and politicians A richly and considerately told tale of American science and public life, The Fluoride Wars offers an engrossing history to both interested general readers and specialists in public health, dentistry, policymaking, and related fields.

Earth Materials and Health

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030910470X
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth Materials and Health by : National Research Council

Download or read book Earth Materials and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-09 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A range of natural earth materials, like arsenic or fluoride, have long been linked to significant human health effects. Improved understanding of the pervasive and complex interactions between earth materials and human health will require creative collaborations between earth scientists and public health professionals. At the request of the National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, this National Research Council book assesses the current state of knowledge at the interface between the earth sciences and public health disciplines. The book identifies high-priority areas for collaborative research, including understanding the transport and bioavailability of potentially hazardous earth materials, using risk-based scenarios to mitigate the public health effects of natural hazards under current and future climate regimes, and understanding the health risks that result from disturbance of earth systems. Geospatial information - geological maps for earth scientists and epidemiological data for public health professionals - is identified as one of the essential integrative tools that is fundamental to the activities of both communities. The book also calls for increased data sharing between agencies to promote interdisciplinary research without compromising privacy.

Water Fluoridation

Author : Thomas G. Reeves
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Fluoridation by : Thomas G. Reeves

Download or read book Water Fluoridation written by Thomas G. Reeves and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Public Water Systems

Author : HDR Engineering Inc.
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471292117
Total Pages : 1152 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (712 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Public Water Systems by : HDR Engineering Inc.

Download or read book Handbook of Public Water Systems written by HDR Engineering Inc. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2001-03-23 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public water systems deliver high-quality water to the public. They also present a vast array of problems, from pollution monitoring and control to the fundamentals of hydraulics and pipe fitting.

Prevalence and Severity of Dental Fluorosis in the United States, 1999-2004

Author : Eugenio D. Beltrán-Aguilar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Prevalence and Severity of Dental Fluorosis in the United States, 1999-2004 by : Eugenio D. Beltrán-Aguilar

Download or read book Prevalence and Severity of Dental Fluorosis in the United States, 1999-2004 written by Eugenio D. Beltrán-Aguilar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Dental fluorosis refers to changes in the appearance of tooth enamel that are caused by long-term ingestion of fluoride during the time teeth are forming. Studies conducted in the 1930s showed that the severity of tooth decay was lower and dental fluorosis was higher in areas with more fluoride in the drinking water. In response to these findings, community water fluoridation programs were developed to add fluoride to drinking water to reach an optimal level for preventing tooth decay, while limiting the chance of developing dental fluorosis. By the 1980s, studies in selected U.S. communities reported an increase in dental fluorosis, paralleling the expansion of water fluoridation and the increased availability of other sources of ingested fluoride, such as fluoride toothpaste (if swallowed) and fluoride supplements. This report describes the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the United States and changes in the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among adolescents between 1986-1987 and 1999-2004. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 and the 1986-1987 National Survey of Oral Health in U.S. School Children." - p. 1.

Climate Impacts on Water Resources in India

Author : Ashish Pandey
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030514277
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Impacts on Water Resources in India by : Ashish Pandey

Download or read book Climate Impacts on Water Resources in India written by Ashish Pandey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book chiefly focuses on environmental flow, water pollution and water quality. Several chapters also cover water treatment technologies and management. In today’s context, climate change and climate variability are important issues in the water sector, which is called upon to develop adaptation strategies to cope with their negative impacts. Human health depends upon the quality of water used for drinking and irrigation purposes. These core issues are discussed and addressed in several chapters. The book explores the impact of climate change on water resources and considers various climatological scenarios. In this regard, it carries out a trend analysis and compares the performance of various Global Climate Models (GCMs). Further, it conducts a water quality analysis and water quality mapping so as to provide information on the most vulnerable areas in the context of water quality. Emerging pollutants, generated from paper mills, are identified in order to choose an appropriate treatment technology. Bioremediation techniques are included for the characterization of improved water quality parameters. The book also presents a low-cost treatment technology for fluoride removal, which can help water managers ensure potable water to stakeholders. In terms of maintaining river ecology in the downstream areas of water resources project sites, the book provides a number of case studies on assessment of environmental flows. Advanced treatment technologies that can be highly advantageous for removing water pollutants are presented. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for academics, water resources practitioners, scientists, water managers, environmentalists, administrators, NGOs, researchers and students who are involved in water management with a main focus on water pollution, the environment, climate change and health.

A Systematic Review of Public Water Fluoridation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781900640169
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis A Systematic Review of Public Water Fluoridation by :

Download or read book A Systematic Review of Public Water Fluoridation written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this systematic review has been to assess the evidence on the positive and negative effects of population wide drinking water fluoridation strategies to prevent caries. 214 studies met full inclusion criteria for one or more of the objectives. The best available evidence suggests that fluoridation of drinking water supplies does reduce caries prevalence. This review presents a summary of the best available and most reliable evidence on the safety and efficacy of water fluoridation. Given the level of interest surrounding the issue of public water fluoridation, it is surprising to find that little high quality research has been undertaken. As such, this review should provide both researchers and commissioners of research with an overview of the methodological limitations of previous search conducted in this area. The evidence of a benefit of a reduction in caries should be considered together with the increased prevalence of dental fluorosis. The research evidence is of insufficient quality to allow confident statements about other potential harms or whether there is an impact on social inequalities.

Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309209463
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations by : National Research Council

Download or read book Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-22 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to oral health care is essential to promoting and maintaining overall health and well-being, yet only half of the population visits a dentist each year. Poor and minority children are less likely to have access to oral health care than are their nonpoor and nonminority peers. Older adults, people who live in rural areas, and disabled individuals, uniformly confront access barriers, regardless of their financial resources. The consequences of these disparities in access to oral health care can lead to a number of conditions including malnutrition, childhood speech problems, infections, diabetes, heart disease, and premature births. Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations examines the scope and consequences of inadequate access to oral health services in the United States and recommends ways to combat the economic, structural, geographic, and cultural factors that prevent access to regular, quality care. The report suggests changing funding and reimbursement for dental care; expanding the oral health work force by training doctors, nurses, and other nondental professionals to recognize risk for oral diseases; and revamping regulatory, educational, and administrative practices. It also recommends changes to incorporate oral health care into overall health care. These recommendations support the creation of a diverse workforce that is competent, compensated, and authorized to serve vulnerable and underserved populations across the life cycle. The recommendations provided in Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations will help direct the efforts of federal, state, and local government agencies; policy makers; health professionals in all fields; private and public health organizations; licensing and accreditation bodies; educational institutions; health care researchers; and philanthropic and advocacy organizations.