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Author : Kevin Pettit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (381 download)
Download or read book Exchange Coupling and Giant Magnetoresistance in NiFe/Cu Multilayers written by Kevin Pettit and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kevin Pettit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (774 download)
Download or read book Exchange Coupling and Giant Magnetoresistance in Nickel-iron/copper Multilayers written by Kevin Pettit and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years interlayer exchange coupling and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in transition metal ferromagnet/nonmagnetic multilayers have been extensively studied. Bilinear interlayer exchange favors the collinear alignment of the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers, oscillates with the thickness of the non-magnetic spacer layer, and has been observed in a large number of magnetic multilayer and trilayer systems. Biquadratic exchange favors the perpendicular alignment of the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers and has been observed in several magnetic multilayer and trilayer systems. Unlike bilinear exchange, the origins of biquadratic exchange are uncertain. Generally, biquadratic exchange is significantly weaker than bilinear exchange. The connection between the magnetic configuration, which is determined by the interlayer coupling, and the magnetoresistance is well established. The GMR effect occurs when the antiferromagnetically aligned moments of alternating magnetic layers are brought into alignment by an external magnetic field. This causes a dramatic drop in the electrical resistance. Much of the interest in magnetic multilayers stems from the many possible applications of the GMR effect. This work is a study of biquadratic coupling and its effects on the magnetic phase diagram and giant magnetoresistance of sputter grown single crystal NiFe/Cu multilayers. It is often difficult to determine the bilinear and biquadratic coupling strengths separately, particularly in samples with pinhole defects in the spacer layers, because the zero field configuration of the moments is not easily determined. However, I will show that under certain conditions biquadratic coupling can lead to configurations in which the net magnetization of the coupled magnetic moments is not aligned parallel to the applied magnetic field. In samples with magnetocrystalline anisotropy, these asymmetric configurations lead to a novel minimum in the GMR at low fields when the field is applied along the hard axis of magnetization. In such cases, the bilinear and biquadratic coupling strengths can be determined from resistance measurements only. In this work the magnetic phase diagram is calculated for a two layer system with bilinear coupling, biquadratic coupling and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. New asymmetric configurations, some of which cannot be determined analytically, are found. Numerical simulations confirm the contribution of these configurations to the GMR and the accuracy of the interlayer coupling strengths extracted from the magnetoresistance data. These measurements indicate that the biquadratic coupling can be considerably stronger than predicted theoretically. The data are found to be inconsistent with the intrinsic, loose spin, dipole field, and fluctuation models of biquadratic coupling. To explain the data I propose a new model in which ferromagnetic coupling through pinholes in the spacer layer, combined with the antiferromagnetic bilinear coupling, frustrates the magnetic layers and leads to orthogonal coupling. Unlike the fluctuation model, the pinhole-frustration model allows for very strong biquadratic coupling. Although the pinhole mechanism can lead to biquadratic coupling, closer analysis reveals that the bilinear-biquadratic formalism may break down for strong frustration.
Author : E. Hirota
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662047772
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Giant Magneto-Resistance Devices written by E. Hirota and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is one of the first application-orientated books on the subject. The main topics are magnetic sensors with high resolutions and magnetic read heads with high sensitivities, required for hard-disk drives with recording densities of several gigabytes. Another important subject is novel magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) with non-volatile non-destructive and radiation-hard characteristics.
Author : F. Petroff
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780444205032
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Ultra Thin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces written by F. Petroff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-12-18 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Symposium on Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces, hosted by the European Materials Research Society, was held at the Palais de la Musique et des Congré in Strasbourg, France on June 4-7, 1996. Its central theme was the relationship of magnetic properties and device performance to structure at the nano and micrometer length scale. Research on the magnetism of surfaces, ultrathin films and multilayers has increased dramatically during recent years. This development was triggered by the discovery of coupling between ferromagnetic layers across nonmagnetic spacer layers and of the giant magnetoresistance effect in systems of reduced dimension using various micro and nanofabrication techniques has become a subject of special interest. It is certainly the promising application potential of these effects in new magnetic recording device geometries which causes this intensive research, which is done both by companies and at universities and research institutes. A selection of invited and contributed papers presented at the Symposium and accepted for publication is contained in this volume. The contents of these proceedings are organized into seven sections. A. Nanowires, Nanoparticles, Nanostructuring B. Ultrathin Films and Surfaces, Characterization C. Giant Magnetoresistance D. Coupling, Tunneling E. Growth, Structure, Magnetism F. Growth, Structure, Magnetoresistance G. Coupling, Magnetic processes, Magneto-optics. The first four sections contain invited and oral contributed papers in the listed research domains, while the last three sections contain the contributions presented during three large poster sessions.
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012800441X
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Solid State Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid state physics is the branch of physics primarily devoted to the study of matter in its solid phase, especially at the atomic level. This prestigious serial presents timely and state-of-the-art reviews pertaining to all aspects of solid state physics. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author : Mark Johnson
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780120884872
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (848 download)
Download or read book Magnetoelectronics written by Mark Johnson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arrival of the 'information age' took most people by surprise - including scientists and technologists. Today, research on better, smaller, and faster ways to store and transfer information continues to grow, and growing fast within this scope is the field of magnetoelectronics. With its possibilities as a magnetic storage technology capable of overcoming the vulnerabilities of CMOS (complementary metal on oxide semiconductor), magnetoelectronics promises to be an important installation in the information era.
Author : S Tumanski
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420033247
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Thin Film Magnetoresistive Sensors written by S Tumanski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-06-08 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin Film Magnetoresistive Sensors presents a comprehensive review of thin film magnetoresistive (MR) sensors, including the theory of MR effects as well as the design, fabrication, properties, and applications of MR sensors. With over 1,000 references, the book fully reviews the theory, development, and use of these sensors. It provides essential information about the performance of various kinds of sensors, including permalloy magnetoresistors, spin valve sensors, multilayer sensors, colossal effect sensors, spin dependent tunneling sensors, and magnetoimpedance sensors.
Author : Lawrence H Bennett
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814571067
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Multilayers written by Lawrence H Bennett and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-12-16 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on an increasingly important area of materials science and technology, namely, the fabrication and properties of artificial materials where slabs of magnetized materials are sandwiched between slabs of nonmagnetized materials. It includes reviews by experts on the theory and descriptions of the various experimental techniques such as those using nuclear or electron spin probes, as well as optical, X-ray or neutron probes. It also reviews potential applications such as the giant magnetoresistance, and one specialized preparation technique, the electrodeposition. The various chapters are tutorial in nature, making the subject accessible to nonspecialists, as well as useful to researchers in the field.
Author : Chien-Li Lin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Properties and Structure Characterization of Nickel Iron-based Spin Valve Multilayer Structures written by Chien-Li Lin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Candid Reig
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642371728
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors written by Candid Reig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-06 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in 1988, spintronics has been presented as a new technology paradigm, awarded by the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007. Initially used in read heads of hard disk drives, and while disputing a piece of the market to the flash memories, GMR devices have broadened their range of usage by growing towards magnetic field sensing applications in a huge range of scenarios. Potential applications at the time of the discovery have become real in the last two decades. Definitively, GMR was born to stand. In this sense, selected successful approaches of GMR based sensors in different applications: space, automotive, microelectronics, biotechnology ... are collected in the present book. While keeping a practical orientation, the fundamentals as well as the current trends and challenges of this technology are also analyzed. In this sense, state of the art contributions from academy and industry can be found through the contents. This book can be used by starting researchers, postgraduate students and multidisciplinary scientists in order to have a reference text in this topical fascinating field.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (49 download)
Download or read book Journal of the Physical Society of Japan written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robin F.C. Farrow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489915192
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimension written by Robin F.C. Farrow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimension", held at l'Institut d'Etudes Scientifiques de Cargese - U.M.S. - C.N.R.S. - Universite de Corte Universite de Nice Sophia - Antipolis during June 15-19, 1992. The ordering of papers in the volume reflects the sequence of papers presented at the workshop. The aim was not to segregate the papers into rigidly defmed areas but to group the papers into small clusters, each cluster having a common theme. In this way the parallel, rather than serial, development of areas such as preparation of films, magnetic and structural characterization was highlighted. Indeed the success of the field depends on such parallel development and is assisted by workshops of this nature and the international collaborations which they foster. The organizers and participants of the NATO workshop express their thanks to Mme. Marie-France Hanseier and the staff at l'Institut d'Etudes Scientifiques de Cargese U.M.S. - C.N.R.S. - Universite de Corte - Universite de Nice Sophia - Antipolis for making the workshop and local arrangements a memorable success. Warm thanks are also expressed to Varadachari Sadagopan and Pascal Stefanou for their encouragement and help in making the workshop a reality. We are also grateful to Kristl Hathaway, Larry Cooper and Gary Prinz for advice in developing the workshop program.
Author : Lawrence Herman Bennett
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810217679
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (176 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Multilayers written by Lawrence Herman Bennett and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on an increasingly important area of materials science and technology, namely, the fabrication and properties of artificial materials where slabs of magnetized materials are sandwiched between slabs of nonmagnetized materials. It includes reviews by experts on the theory and descriptions of the various experimental techniques such as those using nuclear or electron spin probes, as well as optical, X-ray or neutron probes. It also reviews potential applications such as the giant magnetoresistance, and one specialized preparation technique, the electrodeposition. The various chapters are tutorial in nature, making the subject accessible to nonspecialists, as well as useful to researchers in the field.
Author : Yongbing Xu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400768918
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (689 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Spintronics written by Yongbing Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over two volumes and 1500 pages, the Handbook of Spintronics will cover all aspects of spintronics science and technology, including fundamental physics, materials properties and processing, established and emerging device technology and applications. Comprising 60 chapters from a large international team of leading researchers across academia and industry, the Handbook provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive review of this dynamic field of research. The opening chapters focus on the fundamental physical principles of spintronics in metals and semiconductors, including an introduction to spin quantum computing. Materials systems are then considered, with sections on metallic thin films and multilayers, magnetic tunnelling structures, hybrids, magnetic semiconductors and molecular spintronic materials. A separate section reviews the various characterisation methods appropriate to spintronics materials, including STM, spin-polarised photoemission, x-ray diffraction techniques and spin-polarised SEM. The third part of the Handbook contains chapters on the state of the art in device technology and applications, including spin valves, GMR and MTJ devices, MRAM technology, spin transistors and spin logic devices, spin torque devices, spin pumping and spin dynamics and other topics such as spin caloritronics. Each chapter considers the challenges faced by researchers in that area and contains some indications of the direction that future work in the field is likely to take. This reference work will be an essential and long-standing resource for the spintronics community.
Author : Bretislav Heinrich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354027166X
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Ultrathin Magnetic Structures II written by Bretislav Heinrich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-31 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to understand and control the unique properties of interfaces has created an entirely new field of magnetism, with profound impact in technology and serving as the basis for a revolution in electronics. Our understanding of the physics of magnetic nanostructures has also advanced significantly. This rapid development has generated a need for a comprehensive treatment that can serve as an introduction to the field for those entering it from diverse fields, but which will also serve as a timely overview for those already working in this area. The four-volume work Ultra-Thin Magnetic Structures aims to fulfill this dual need. The original two volumes – now available once more – are "An Introduction to the Electronic, Magnetic and Structural Properties" (Vol. I) and Measurement Techniques and Novel Magnetic Properties (this volume). Two new volumes, "Fundamentals of Nanomagnetism" and "Applications of Nanomagnetism," extend and complete this comprehensive work by presenting the foundations of spintronics.
Author : Mark Johnson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080473253
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Magnetoelectronics written by Mark Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-02 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arrival of the ‘information age’ took most people by surprise – including scientists and technologists. Today, research on better, smaller, and faster ways to store and transfer information continues to grow, and growing fast within this scope is the field of magnetoelectronics. With its possibilities as a magnetic storage technology capable of overcoming the vulnerabilities of CMOS (complementary metal on oxide semiconductor), magnetoelectronics promises to be an important installation in the information era.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1076 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
