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Evolution Of Longevity In Animals
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Book Synopsis Evolution of Longevity in Animals by : Avril Woodhead
Download or read book Evolution of Longevity in Animals written by Avril Woodhead and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of intra-group correlations between LS and BW at representative intervals yields no consistent support for the hypothesis that lower BW is associated with longer LS. Indeed, among male Wistar rats and C57BL/6J and A/J mice followed since weaning on AL diets, the data suggested that relatively higher BW across the adult LS was generally associated with longer life. Even when the diet was restricted by EOD or RES regimens, this pattern of positive correlations between LS and BW persisted for the C57BL/6J and A/J strains when relative ages were analyzed. However, when BW at absolute ages were correlated with LS, support for the positive relationship between BW and LS was not as forthcoming. When AL groups were assessed beginning at later ages (> 10 months), the pattern of positive correlations was very evident for the Wistar rats--heavier rats tended to liver longer. This pattern was also evident among AL-fed C57BL/6J mice followed since 6 months, but was lost in the 10-month group in this strain. Among A/J mice on AL diets, the pattern became somewhat negative when followed at 6 and 10 months of age. However, among both C57BL/6J and A/J mice placed on EOD diets at 6 and 10 months of age, the pattern clearly tended toward the positive.
Book Synopsis Evolution of Longevity in Animals by : Avril Woodhead
Download or read book Evolution of Longevity in Animals written by Avril Woodhead and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-11-01 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of intra-group correlations between LS and BW at representative intervals yields no consistent support for the hypothesis that lower BW is associated with longer LS. Indeed, among male Wistar rats and C57BL/6J and A/J mice followed since weaning on AL diets, the data suggested that relatively higher BW across the adult LS was generally associated with longer life. Even when the diet was restricted by EOD or RES regimens, this pattern of positive correlations between LS and BW persisted for the C57BL/6J and A/J strains when relative ages were analyzed. However, when BW at absolute ages were correlated with LS, support for the positive relationship between BW and LS was not as forthcoming. When AL groups were assessed beginning at later ages (> 10 months), the pattern of positive correlations was very evident for the Wistar rats--heavier rats tended to liver longer. This pattern was also evident among AL-fed C57BL/6J mice followed since 6 months, but was lost in the 10-month group in this strain. Among A/J mice on AL diets, the pattern became somewhat negative when followed at 6 and 10 months of age. However, among both C57BL/6J and A/J mice placed on EOD diets at 6 and 10 months of age, the pattern clearly tended toward the positive.
Book Synopsis Between Zeus and the Salmon by : Caleb E. Finch
Download or read book Between Zeus and the Salmon written by Caleb E. Finch and published by . This book was released on 1997-10-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demographers and public health specialists have been surprised by the rapid increases in life expectancy, especially at the oldest ages, that have occurred since the early 1960s. Some scientists are calling into question the idea of a fixed upper limit for the human life span. There is new evidence about the genetic bases for both humans and other species. There are also new theories and models of the role of mutations accumulating over the life span and the possible evolutionary advantages of survival after the reproductive years. This volume deals with such diverse topics as the role of the elderly in other species and among human societies past and present, the contribution of evolutionary theory to our understanding of human longevity and intergenerational transfers, mathematical models for survival, and the potential for collecting genetic material in household surveys. It will be particularly valuable for promoting communication between the social and life sciences.
Download or read book Longevity written by James R. Carey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite our deep interest in mortality, little is known about why some individuals live to middle age and others to extreme old age. Life span, mortality, and aging present some of the most profound mysteries in biology. In Longevity, James Carey draws on unprecedented data to develop a biological and demographic framework for identifying the key factors that govern aging, life span, and mortality in humans and other animals. Carey presents the results of a monumental, twelve-year, National Institute on Aging-funded research project on the determinants of longevity using data from the life tables of five million Mediterranean fruit flies, the most comprehensive set of life table studies ever on the mortality dynamics of a single species. He interprets the fruit fly data within the context of human aging and the aging process in general to identify the determinants of mortality. Three key themes emerge: the absence of species-specific life span limits, the context-specific nature of the mortality rate, and biodemographic linkages between longevity and reproduction. A powerful foundation for the emerging field of biodemography and a rich framework for considering the future of human life span, Longevity will be an indispensable resource for readers from a range of fields including population biology, demography, gerontology, ecology, evolutionary biology, and medical research.
Book Synopsis Longevity and Evolution by : Gustavo Barja
Download or read book Longevity and Evolution written by Gustavo Barja and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews research on presently known theories and mechanisms responsible for the rate of aging and maximum longevity of different animals including birds, mammals and humans (to explain "how" do we age and the velocity of the aging process). In addition, this book deals with the historical evolutionary explanations of aging and longevity ("why" do we age). The mechanisms discussed include mitochondria and oxygen free radicals, the presence of macromolecules constitutively highly resistant to deleterious modification in the tissues of long-lived animals, insulin/IGF-1 like signalling, telomere shortening, dietary restrictions, and other proposed molecular mechanisms.
Book Synopsis The Biology of Senescence by : Alex 1920- Comfort
Download or read book The Biology of Senescence written by Alex 1920- Comfort and published by Hassell Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Comparative Biology of Aging by : Norman S. Wolf
Download or read book Comparative Biology of Aging written by Norman S. Wolf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-08 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: determined by an inability to move in response to touch. C. elegans develop through four larval stages following hatching and prior to adulthood. Adult C. elegans are reproductive for about the rst week of adulthood followed by approximately two weeks of post-reproductive adulthood prior to death. Life span is most commonly measured in the laboratory by maintaining the worms on the surface of a nutrie- agar medium (Nematode Growth Medium, NGM) with E. coli OP50 as the bacterial food source (REF). Alternative culture conditions have been described in liquid media; however, these are not widely used for longevity studies. Longevity of the commonly used wild type C. elegans hermaphrodite (N2) varies ? from 16 to 23 days under standard laboratory conditions (20 C, NGM agar, E. coli OP50 food source). Life span can be increased by maintaining animals at lower ambient temperatures and shortened by raising the ambient temperature. Use of a killed bacterial food source, rather than live E. coli, increases lifespan by 2–4 days, and growth of adult animals in the absence of bacteria (axenic growth or bac- rial deprivation) increases median life span to 32–38 days [3, 23, 24]. Under both standard laboratory conditions and bacterial deprivation conditions, wild-derived C. elegans hermaphrodites exhibit longevity comparable to N2 animals [25].
Book Synopsis The Evolution of Senescence in the Tree of Life by : Richard P. Shefferson
Download or read book The Evolution of Senescence in the Tree of Life written by Richard P. Shefferson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existing theories on the evolution of senescence assume that senescence is inevitable in all organisms. However, recent studies have shown that this is not necessarily true. A better understanding of senescence and its underlying mechanisms could have far-reaching consequences for conservation and eco-evolutionary research. This book is the first to offer inter-disciplinary perspectives on the evolution of senescence in many species, setting the stage for further developments. It brings together new insights from a wide range of scientific fields and cutting-edge research done on a multitude of different plants, microbes, and animals, including humans, giving the reader a complete overview of recent developments and of the controversies currently surrounding the topic. Written by specialists from a variety of disciplines, this book is a valuable source of information for students and researchers interested in ageing and life history traits and populations. -- from back cover.
Book Synopsis Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research by : National Research Council
Download or read book Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.
Book Synopsis How Men Age by : Richard G. Bribiescas
Download or read book How Men Age written by Richard G. Bribiescas and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking book that examines all aspects of male aging through an evolutionary lens While the health of aging men has been a focus of biomedical research for years, evolutionary biology has not been part of the conversation—until now. How Men Age is the first book to explore how natural selection has shaped male aging, how evolutionary theory can inform our understanding of male health and well-being, and how older men may have contributed to the evolution of some of the very traits that make us human. In this informative and entertaining book, renowned biological anthropologist Richard Bribiescas looks at all aspects of male aging through an evolutionary lens. He describes how the challenges males faced in their evolutionary past influenced how they age today, and shows how this unique evolutionary history helps explain common aspects of male aging such as prostate disease, loss of muscle mass, changes in testosterone levels, increases in fat, erectile dysfunction, baldness, and shorter life spans than women. Bribiescas reveals how many of the physical and behavioral changes that we negatively associate with male aging may have actually facilitated the emergence of positive traits that have helped make humans so successful as a species, including parenting, long life spans, and high fertility. Popular science at its most compelling, How Men Age provides new perspectives on the aging process in men and how we became human, and also explores future challenges for human evolution—and the important role older men might play in them.
Book Synopsis Longevity Records by : James R. Carey
Download or read book Longevity Records written by James R. Carey and published by University Press of Southern Denmark. This book was released on 2000 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the world's largest compendium of documented life spans in vertebrates. Record life spans for over 3000 species of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish indicate wild or captive status and sex (where available), and are linked to source references. A brief introduction addresses the concept of life span, summarizes methods for date gathering, criteria for inclusion, and provides a graphic summarization of within and among group variation in record life spans. The date is organized in four main tables: mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and fish. The book is useful in demography, fisheries and wildlife biology, ecology, population and evolutionary biology, and gerontology.
Book Synopsis Longevity of Mammals in Captivity by : Richard Weigl
Download or read book Longevity of Mammals in Captivity written by Richard Weigl and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains many data of historical and present longevities of captive mammals, some of the data was never published before as well as many of extinct or very rare species and subspecies. 3398 taxa of 25 mammalian (all orders except Shrew-opossums, Order Paucituberculata) have been exhibited in zoos and other institutions. The records provide dates of arrival, birth, movement out of the collection or death dates, showing day, month and year.
Book Synopsis The Biology of Human Longevity by : Caleb E. Finch
Download or read book The Biology of Human Longevity written by Caleb E. Finch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by Caleb Finch, one of the leading scientists of our time, The Biology of Human Longevity: Inflammation, Nutrition, and Aging in the Evolution of Lifespans synthesizes several decades of top research on the topic of human aging and longevity particularly on the recent theories of inflammation and its effects on human health. The book expands a number of existing major theories, including the Barker theory of fetal origins of adult disease to consider the role of inflammation and Harmon's free radical theory of aging to include inflammatory damage. Future increases in lifespan are challenged by the obesity epidemic and spreading global infections which may reverse the gains made in lowering inflammatory exposure. This timely and topical book will be of interest to anyone studying aging from any scientific angle. Author Caleb Finch is a highly influential and respected scientist, ranked in the top half of the 1% most cited scientists Provides a novel synthesis of existing ideas about the biology of longevity and aging Incorporates important research findings from several disciplines, including Gerontology, Genomics, Neuroscience, Immunology, Nutrition
Book Synopsis In the Light of Evolution by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by Sackler Colloquium. This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
Book Synopsis The Quest for Immortality: Science at the Frontiers of Aging by : Bruce A. Carnes
Download or read book The Quest for Immortality: Science at the Frontiers of Aging written by Bruce A. Carnes and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2002-07-17 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is by far the best book I've read on the science of aging."—Andrew Weil, M.D. "Life-span Truth Will Set You Free from Age-old Worries," announced the Chicago Tribune upon the first publication of this book. The New England Journal of Medicine confirmed, "For readers interested in aging and longevity, this small book clearly explains the major concepts...extremely enjoyable to read." From NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw to Scientific American to the New York Times, S. Jay Olshansky and Bruce A. Carnes have stirred up controversy and brought clarity to an issue often muddled by exaggeration and pseudoscience. Medical science has uncovered a host of answers to the problems of aging, but many of the most exciting discoveries are buried in scientific journals or overshadowed by popular quick-fix treatments. The Quest for Immortality explains the real science of aging and shows which treatments offered by today's multi-billion-dollar anti-aging industries offer real hope, and which are a waste of money and time.
Book Synopsis Evolution of the Primate Brain by : Michel A. Hofman
Download or read book Evolution of the Primate Brain written by Michel A. Hofman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Progress in Brain Research provides a synthetic source of information about state-of-the-art research that has important implications for the evolution of the brain and cognition in primates, including humans. This topic requires input from a variety of fields that are developing at an unprecedented pace: genetics, developmental neurobiology, comparative and functional neuroanatomy (at gross and microanatomical levels), quantitative neurobiology related to scaling factors that constrain brain organization and evolution, primate palaeontology (including paleoneurology), paleo-anthropology, comparative psychology, and behavioural evolutionary biology. Written by internationally-renowned scientists, this timely volume will be of wide interest to students, scholars, science journalists, and a variety of experts who are interested in keeping track of the discoveries that are rapidly emerging about the evolution of the brain and cognition. Written by internationally renowned scientists, this timely volume will be of wide interest to students, scholars, science journalists, and a variety of experts who are interested in keeping track of the discoveries that are rapidly emerging about the evolution of the brain and cognition
Book Synopsis Extreme Longevity by : Karen Latchana Kenney
Download or read book Extreme Longevity written by Karen Latchana Kenney and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Some creatures can outlive humans by centuries. Readers will learn about these extreme examples of longevity in the animal kingdom, how aging happens, and what genes help animals to live so long."--
