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Evaluation And Selection Of 20 Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Genotypes For Drought Tolerance
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Book Synopsis Evaluation and Selection of 20 Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes for Drought Tolerance by : Thifhindulwi Jeremiah Malala
Download or read book Evaluation and Selection of 20 Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes for Drought Tolerance written by Thifhindulwi Jeremiah Malala and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Sorghum Genotypes for Variation in Canopy Temperature and Drought Tolerance by : Raymond Ngao Mutava
Download or read book Evaluation of Sorghum Genotypes for Variation in Canopy Temperature and Drought Tolerance written by Raymond Ngao Mutava and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth most economically important cereal crop grown worldwide and adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. Drought stress has been ranked as one of the most significant causes of crop yield loss with its effects on yield and yield components. Conservative water use by plants is one of the strategies that can be used as a drought coping mechanism. The slow wilting trait has been associated with conservative water use and has been found in some sorghum genotypes. The purpose of this study was to use canopy temperature to screen for drought tolerance in sorghum, evaluate water use efficiency for slow wilting sorghum genotypes and determine variability in root morphology and response to drought among sorghum genotypes. Canopy temperature studies were conducted under field conditions using infrared (IR) sensors while water use efficiency and root studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed a distinct separation in canopy temperature among genotypes under field conditions at 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm. Midday canopy temperature depression (CTD) was positively correlated to yield (R2 = 0.19) and harvest index (R2 = 0.11). CTD was also stable for all the genotypes during the period from 1:00 pm to 7:00 pm. There was a negative correlation between CTD and crop water stress index (CWSI) (R2 = 0.34) and a positive one between canopy temperature and CWSI (R2 = 0.50). Evaluation of genotypes for water use efficiency revealed significant variability among sorghum genotypes in the amount of water used (10.48 - 13.52 kg) and transpiration efficiency (TE) (2.64 - 7.11 g kg−1) among genotypes. Slow wilting genotypes were high in TE. Rooting depth increased for some genotypes under drought stress with genotype SC1124 recording the largest increase (180%). Total root length for some genotypes increased by 11 - 113% with genotypes SC224 and SC1019 recording the greatest increase. There was a positive correlation between water used and root length (R2 = 0.21). These results show that there is potential for selection of drought tolerance in sorghum and that genotypes with the slow wilting traits are efficient in water use.
Book Synopsis Screening of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance by : S. Raghavendra
Download or read book Screening of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance written by S. Raghavendra and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Variability for Drought in Various Sorghum Genotypes by : Malik Muhammad Khan
Download or read book Genetic Variability for Drought in Various Sorghum Genotypes written by Malik Muhammad Khan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is the most common adverse environmental condition that can seriously reduce crop productivity. Increasing crop resistance to drought stress would be the most economical approach to improve agricultural productivity and to reduce agricultural use of fresh water resources. As a result, understanding the drought tolerance and breeding for drought resistant crop plants has been the major goal of plant breeders. Sorghum is well-known for its capacity to tolerate conditions of limited moisture and to produce during periods of extended drought. Twenty sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes with known drought tolerance traits were used in this study. The present study will be conducted to evaluate the genetic variability for drought tolerance in sorghum genotypes at molecular level.
Book Synopsis Breeding Sorghum for Drought Tolerance by : Fantaye Belay
Download or read book Breeding Sorghum for Drought Tolerance written by Fantaye Belay and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Sorghum [sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes for Resistance to Field Deterioration by : Jeffrey H. Luhanga
Download or read book Evaluation of Sorghum [sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes for Resistance to Field Deterioration written by Jeffrey H. Luhanga and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Different Sorghum Genotypes for Drought Resistance by : Phodiso L. Gaosegelwe
Download or read book Evaluation of Different Sorghum Genotypes for Drought Resistance written by Phodiso L. Gaosegelwe and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Enhancement of Rabi Sorghum by : Sanjana Reddy
Download or read book Genetic Enhancement of Rabi Sorghum written by Sanjana Reddy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-28 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Enhancement of Rabi Sorghum – Adapting the Indian Durras presents both the historical background and the recent research done in breeding this important world crop for more global production. Its chapters cover topics in origin and taxonomy, morphology and breeding behavior, genetics, and cytogenetics, also looking at production, nutrition, and alternate uses. The durra race is Ethiopian in origin and its introgression with wild forms permitted adaptation to drier conditions. These have migrated and adapted to the currently known crop that is cultivated in the winter season and commonly called rabi sorghums. Grown under receding soil moisture conditions, rabi sorghums have tolerance to abiotic stresses apart from biotic stresses, unlike the rainy sorghums that are grown widely in the world. However, they must be more resilient to rapid changes in climate, for example. The variability from winter sorghums is being introgressed into rainy sorghums. With the yield plateaus reached and sorghum gaining importance as a food crop, this book will be of importance to those studying durras and their breeding. Presents both the historical background and most recent research done in breeding rabi sorghum for more global production Provides information on the adaptation of the crop and the ways it has migrated to the currently known crop, which is cultivated in winter season and commonly called as rabi sorghum Explores strategies for resilience as the crop must be prepared to withstand rapid and varying changes in climate
Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay-green Drought Tolerance Trait by : Karen Ruth Harris
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay-green Drought Tolerance Trait written by Karen Ruth Harris and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the fifth most economically important cereal grown worldwide and is a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel. Sorghum, a C4 grass and a close relative to sugarcane, is adapted to hot, dry adverse environments. Some genotypes of sorghum called stay-green have delayed leaf senescence during grain ripening under drought stress conditions which allows normal grain filling whereas most sorghum lines senesce early under post-anthesis drought. Eight sources of stay-green have been identified in the sorghum germplasm collection, most originating from Sudan and Ethiopia. The diversity of the eight sources of staygreen was analyzed using 55 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers with genome coverage. This analysis showed that the sources of stay-green are quite diverse and can be divided into five groups based on race or working group. Three sources of stay-green have been used to identify 12 major quantitative trait loci (QTL) that modulate this trait. The origin of favorable alleles for stay-green was traced backward to ancestral lines and forward into breeding materials derived from stay-green germplasm. The analysis of the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green helped explain why subsets of stay-green QTL were identified in different studies and provided evidence that there may be more than one favorable allele in the sorghum germplasm for several of the stay-green QTL. Analysis of stay-green breeding lines from three public sorghum-breeding programs revealed that one of the main QTL identified in mapping studies was not being used in the breeding programs (0/13), most likely due to its association with an allele for lemon yellow seeds. In addition, a subset of the regions containing favorable alleles for staygreen from the genotype BTx642 were over represented in stay-green breeding lines. Nearly isogenic lines containing favorable alleles from BTx642 for Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, and Stg4 in a RTx7000 (senescent) background were characterized and each NIL was shown to exhibit a stay-green phenotype. Based in part on this information, fine-mapping of Stg1 was undertaken by crossing the Stg1 NIL to RTx7000. Overall, these results revealed the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green and the current utilization of alleles for stay-green in public breeding programs. In addition, this study identified additional stay-green sources that could be used for further QTL analysis and highlighted the genetic complexity of the stay-green trait.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Mapping of Transpiration Efficiency Related to Pre-flower Drought Tolerance in Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] by : Mohankumar Heraganahally Kapanigowda
Download or read book Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Mapping of Transpiration Efficiency Related to Pre-flower Drought Tolerance in Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] written by Mohankumar Heraganahally Kapanigowda and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing need to improve crop water-use efficiency (WUE) (ratio of whole-plant biomass to cumulative transpiration) due to decreased water availability and increased food and energy demands throughout the world. The objective of the study was to estimate the genetic variation and genetic basis for transpiration efficiency A:E (CO2 assimilation rate (A) divided by transpiration rate (E)) trait and its relationship to WUE related to pre-flower drought tolerance in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sorghum and associated QTLs. A greenhouse study was conducted at Bushland, TX, 2008, using 71 RILs derived from cross of Tx430 x Tx7078. A randomized complete block experimental design was used, with both genotype and water regime (40 and 80 percent water regime) as experimental factors, and four replications. Genotype had a significant effect on A, E and A:E under both the environments. Among the RILs, entry means for A:E ranged from 1.58 to 3.07 mmol CO2 mol^-1 H2O and 1.18 to 4.36 mmol CO2 mol^-1 H2O under 80 percent and 40 percent water regime, respectively. Heritability estimates based on individual environments for A:E, A and E were 0.77, 0.45 and 0.37 under 80 percent water regime and 0.90, 0.33 and 0.71 under 40 percent water regime, respectively. A genetic map was constructed by digital genotyping method using Illumina GAII sequencer with 261 informative indel/ single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP's) markers distributed over 10 linkage groups. Three significant QTLs associated with transpiration efficiency were identified; two on SBI-09 and one on SBI-10 with one logarithmic of odds (LOD) interval length ranging from 5.3 to 5.7 cM and accounting for 17 percent - 21 percent of the phenotypic variation. In field and greenhouse evaluation of agronomic of traits at College Station and Halfway, TX, 91 QTL that control variation in six major agronomic traits such as plant height, flowering, biomass, leaf area, leaf greenness and stomatal density were identified. Co-localization of transpiration efficiency QTLs with agronomic traits such as leaf area, biomass, leaf width and stomatal density indicated that these agronomically important QTLs can be used for further improving the sorghum performance through marker assisted selection (MAS) under pre-flowering drought stress conditions.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Grain Sorghum for Physiological and Yield Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance by :
Download or read book Characterization of Grain Sorghum for Physiological and Yield Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fourth most important cereal crop grown throughout the semi-arid regions of the world. It is a staple food crop in Africa and Asia, while it is an important feed crop in the United States (US). More recently it is increasingly becoming important as a potential bioenergy feedstock crop around the world. The state of Kansas is the largest producer of grain sorghum in the US and contributes 40% of the total production. Drought is one of the major environmental factors limiting sorghum production in the semi-arid regions of the US, Asia and Africa. It is estimated that global crop losses due to drought stress exceed $10 billion annually. In crop production, drought stress can be classified into pre- or post-flowering. Even though the world collections of sorghum contain over 35,000 accessions, the genetic base currently used in breeding programs is very small (about 3%). Thus, it is important to identify diverse breeding lines for crop improvement. The diversity (association) panel consisting of 300 sorghum lines from all over the world was assembled for trait evaluation and association mapping. In this research these lines were grouped into the five major races (Figure 1) and 10 intermediate races of sorghum. The objectives of the research are to: (i) quantify the performance of the diversity panel under field conditions in Kansas, (ii) identify critical physiological traits affected by drought at both pre- and post-flowering stages of sorghum development, (iii) identify the most sensitive stage to drought stress during the reproductive phase of sorghum development and, (iv) test the feasibility of using a chlorophyll fluorescence assay (CVA) as a tool for identifying stay-green lines in grain sorghum during early stages of crop development. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 in two locations in Kansas (Manhattan and Hays) under rain fed and irrigated conditions for the association panel. Objectives (iii) and (iv) were achieved with controlled environment experiments conducted in the greenhouse at the agronomy department, Kansas State University in 2006 and 2007. Results showed that there was large genetic variability among and within different races in the diversity panel for growth, physiological traits and yield components. Some genotypes showed yield stability across the different environments that were investigated. Drought significantly decreased seed number and harvest index across genotypes and races. In grain sorghum the period prior to flowering (panicle initiation) was the most sensitive stage to drought stress, in terms of its effect on seed-set, during reproductive development. A cell viability assay showed that there were significant differences in the loss of cell viability between leaf sample of stay green and non-stay green genotypes when leaf samples are collected in the morning and subjected to high respiratory demand. Therefore the chlorophyll fluorescence assay has potential as a tool for stay green trait screening at early stages of growth in grain sorghum.
Book Synopsis Evaluating Sorghum and Maize Germplasm for Post-anthesis Drought Tolerance by : Grant Anthony Groene
Download or read book Evaluating Sorghum and Maize Germplasm for Post-anthesis Drought Tolerance written by Grant Anthony Groene and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is the single most limiting factor in crop production. This study was conducted to investigate if a cell viability assay could serve as an effective, efficient screen to determine post-anthesis drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and maize (Zea mays [L]). The assay measured decline in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) over time from leaf punches collected from plants grown under optimum environmental conditions and placed in an incubator under high respiratory demand. A total of 300 lines of sorghum and 197 lines of maize were screened using this assay and potential post flowering drought tolerant staygreen lines and non-stay green lines were identified. Further testing of potential lines was done in both controlled and field environments, under drought conditions, to evaluate genotype performance for physiological, yield, and staygreen traits. Standard known staygreen and non-staygreen checks were also included in these studies for comparisons. Some relationships existed between results from the cell viability assay and performance measures under controlled environment and field conditions for both sorghum and corn. However, controlled experiments were limited due to space and time constraints, and field experiments were limited due to an absence of drought during the growing season. These studies showed that the staygreen trait was not clear in the known standards under controlled environment conditions. Few of the selected lines performed better under field condition. Further testing needs to be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a cell viability assay as a feasible indicator of drought tolerance. Experiments under field conditions at different locations and with more replications would be necessary to evaluate relations between cell viability assay and expression of drought tolerance in field conditions.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Diverse Sorghum Genotypes (Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench) for Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency at Three Growth Stages by : Joseph K. Kemei
Download or read book Evaluation of Diverse Sorghum Genotypes (Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench) for Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency at Three Growth Stages written by Joseph K. Kemei and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Some Genotypic Variation in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Seed Related to Germination Temperature and Water Absorption by : C.P. Camargo
Download or read book Some Genotypic Variation in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Seed Related to Germination Temperature and Water Absorption written by C.P. Camargo and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seed of 36 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) geneotypes selected on the basis of high physiological quality were evaluated to determine genotypic differences in response to germination temperatures ranging from 10 to 42C. Seed of high, medium, and low quality were evaluated to investigate seed quality-germination-tempearture relationships. Seed of 24 genotypes were dimensionally sized and permitted to imbile water to evaluate both genotypic variation in speed of water uptake and the influence of seed size on water imbibition. Sorghum seed of near maximum phusiological quality germinated equally well at temperatures between 20 and 30C. Among the range of genotypes evaluated, constant germination temperatures of 14 and 42C were the best for screening genotypes for their to germinate at low and high temperatures, respectively. Two genotypes, IS 1166C and SC 175-14, were equal to or better than all other genotypes at all germination temperatures evaluated. Five genotypes, E 35-1, MN 1958, MN 4508, IS 12685C and TPDXB1388 (9256) were very sensitive to germination temperatures outside the optimal range. Seed of lower physilogical quality were more sensitive to germination temperatures than those of high quality. However, there was a differential response among the genotypes. Regardless of genotype, small seed increased in moisture content more rapidly than large seed when water supply was not limited. Within the same size. there was genotypic varation both in the rate of moisture absorption and the time (...).
Book Synopsis A Comparison of Field and in Vitro Screening Methods for Drought Resistance in Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench by : Leonard William Panella
Download or read book A Comparison of Field and in Vitro Screening Methods for Drought Resistance in Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench written by Leonard William Panella and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book GGE Biplot Analysis written by Weikai Yan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-28 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research data is expensive and precious, yet it is seldom fully utilized due to our ability of comprehension. Graphical display is desirable, if not absolutely necessary, for fully understanding large data sets with complex interconnectedness and interactions. The newly developed GGE biplot methodology is a superior approach to the graphical analys
Book Synopsis Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses by : Aruna C
Download or read book Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses written by Aruna C and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses is a comprehensive overview of all significant global efforts for the genetic improvement of sorghum, a major crop of many semi-arid nations that is suitable for a huge range of uses, from human food, to biofuels. Split into two main sections, the book initially reviews the genetic suitability of sorghum for breeding, also providing the history of the genetic improvement of the grain. Finally, other sections look at specific breeding programs that could be improved in a number of areas, including human food, animal feed and industrial usage. Readers in academics, research, plant genetics and sorghum development will find this resource of great value. In addition, it is essential reading for engineers who utilize sorghum for food, feed and industrial materials in industry. Provides information on key advances in the genetic makeup of sorghum Allows plant breeders to apply this research to effectively breed new strains of sorghum that are dependent on final usage goals Includes the latest findings in each section to orient researchers to plans for future genetic enhancement
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