Epigenetics In The Age Of Twitter

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Epigenetics in the Age of Twitter

Author : Gerald Weissmann
Publisher : Bellevue Literary Press
ISBN 13 : 1934137510
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Epigenetics in the Age of Twitter by : Gerald Weissmann

Download or read book Epigenetics in the Age of Twitter written by Gerald Weissmann and published by Bellevue Literary Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "America's most interesting and important essayist." —Eric Kandel, Nobel Prize–winning author of The Age of Insight "[Gerald Weissmann] bridges the space between science and the humanities, and particularly between medicine and the muses, with wit, erudition, and, most important, wisdom." —Adam Gopnik Epigenetics, which attempts to explain how our genes respond to our environment, is the latest twist on the historic nature vs. nurture debate. In addressing this and other controversies in contemporary science, Gerald Weissmann taps what he calls "the social network of Western Civilization," including the many neglected women of science: from the martyred Hypatia of Alexandria, the first woman scientist, to the Nobel laureates Marie Curie, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, and Elizabeth Blackburn, among other luminaries in the field. Always instructive and often hilarious, this is a one-volume introduction to modern biology, viewed through the lens of contemporary mass media and the longer historical tradition of the Scientific Revolution. Whether engaging in the healthcare debate or imagining the future prose styling of the scientific research paper in the age of Twitter, Weissmann proves himself as an incisive cultural critic and satirist. Gerald Weissmann (August 7, 1930 – July 10, 2019) was a physician, scientist, editor, and essayist whose collections include The Fevers of Reason: New and Selected Essays; Epigenetics in the Age of Twitter: Pop Culture and Modern Science; Mortal and Immortal DNA: Science and the Lure of Myth; and Galileo’s Gout: Science in an Age of Endarkenment.

Introducing Epigenetics

Author : Cath Ennis
Publisher : Icon Books Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1848319037
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (483 download)

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Book Synopsis Introducing Epigenetics by : Cath Ennis

Download or read book Introducing Epigenetics written by Cath Ennis and published by Icon Books Ltd. This book was released on 2017-02-02 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is the most exciting field in biology today, developing our understanding of how and why we inherit certain traits, develop diseases and age, and evolve as a species. This non-fiction comic book introduces us to genetics, cell biology and the fascinating science of epigenetics, which is rapidly filling in the gaps in our knowledge, allowing us to make huge advances in medicine. We'll look at what identical twins can teach us about the epigenetic effects of our environment and experiences, why certain genes are 'switched on' or off at various stages of embryonic development, and how scientists have reversed the specialization of cells to clone frogs from a single gut cell. In Introducing Epigenetics, Cath Ennis and Oliver Pugh pull apart the double helix, examining how the epigenetic building blocks and messengers that interpret and edit our genes help to make us, well, us.

Innate

Author : Kevin J. Mitchell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691204152
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Innate by : Kevin J. Mitchell

Download or read book Innate written by Kevin J. Mitchell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What makes you the way you are--and what makes each of us different from everyone else? In Innate, leading neuroscientist and popular science blogger Kevin Mitchell traces human diversity and individual differences to their deepest level: in the wiring of our brains. Deftly guiding us through important new research, including his own groundbreaking work, he explains how variations in the way our brains develop before birth strongly influence our psychology and behavior throughout our lives, shaping our personality, intelligence, sexuality, and even the way we perceive the world. We all share a genetic program for making a human brain, and the program for making a brain like yours is specifically encoded in your DNA. But, as Mitchell explains, the way that program plays out is affected by random processes of development that manifest uniquely in each person, even identical twins. The key insight of Innate is that the combination of these developmental and genetic variations creates innate differences in how our brains are wired--differences that impact all aspects of our psychology--and this insight promises to transform the way we see the interplay of nature and nurture. Innate also explores the genetic and neural underpinnings of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and how our understanding of these conditions is being revolutionized. In addition, the book examines the social and ethical implications of these ideas and of new technologies that may soon offer the means to predict or manipulate human traits. Compelling and original, Innate will change the way you think about why and how we are who we are."--Provided by the publisher.

Environmental Epigenetics

Author : L. Joseph Su
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1447166787
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Epigenetics by : L. Joseph Su

Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics written by L. Joseph Su and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.

Undisruptable

Author : Aidan McCullen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119817099
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Undisruptable by : Aidan McCullen

Download or read book Undisruptable written by Aidan McCullen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the barriers to change and cultivate a reinvention mindset that will make you impervious to disruption In our world of incessant change, we are all threatened by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity—at the individual and organizational levels. Undisruptable will give you a new lens through which to consider change as an opportunity rather than an obstacle. You’ll be inspired to consider the big questions of today: What does the future hold? What does the exponential growth of technology mean for the world of work? What does a changing job market mean for future generations? What do waves of disruption mean for business leaders? Society is evolving at breakneck speed. What does this mean for all of us? Read Undisruptable to bridge the chaos and build the resilience you need to move forward. While we cannot see into the future, there are repeatable patterns that we can understand. Undisruptable demystifies the principles of change through a blend of analogies, innovation frameworks and exemplars of change such as Fujifilm and Arnold Schwarzenegger. The first step to becoming undisputable is to realize that evolution is a natural part of life, and nature provides many examples. Undisruptable will help you to: Understand the principles of change Overcome the barriers to change See change as an opportunity and not an obstacle Utilize simple frameworks and examples to guide you on your transformation By the end of this book, you will have the essential tools and techniques to foster a reinvention mindset that will help you and your organization to become Undisruptable. This book is part of a 3-part series. Part 2 looks at the biases and mental obstacles that prevent change. Part 3 examines the best ways to communicate change within an organization. PRAISE FOR UNDISRUPTABLE “Aidan McCullen has lived a fascinating life of major change. In his book, ‘Undisruptable’; he brings us a method for making sense of the external world, and an accessible and visual approach to letting go of the past, and welcoming the future with a mindset of permanent reinvention. It is a timely, thoughtful book, well worth reading.” – Dee Hock, founder and CEO Emeritus of VISA and author of One from Many: VISA and the Rise of Chaordic Organization “As the poet Paul Valery said, 'the future is not what is used to be'. Organizations across the board must come to grips with permanent reinvention as their needed way of being. Aidan McCullen's gifted storytelling will inspire you and get you on your way to permanent reinvention.” – Mark Johnson, co-founder Innosight and author Lead from the Future “This book teaches the mindset—the lens of clarity—that we all must develop in order to be undisruptable in a future of chilling disruption.” – Bob Johansen author Full-Spectrum Thinking, Distinguished Fellow, Institute for the Future “The snake may slough off its tail, but there's nothing to be sloughed off with this book. Former professional rugby player Aidan McCullen knows how not to be defeated by victory. He knows how to disrupt himself. He knows what it means to be Undisruptable.” – Whitney Johnson, author of Disrupt Yourself “Aidan McCullen shows us how to embrace a mindset of permanent reinvention. By reading this book, you will learn how to shed o

Above the Gene, Beyond Biology

Author : Jan Baedke
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822983400
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Above the Gene, Beyond Biology by : Jan Baedke

Download or read book Above the Gene, Beyond Biology written by Jan Baedke and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is currently one of the fastest-growing fields in the sciences. Epigenetic information not only controls DNA expression but links genetic factors with the environmental experiences that influence the traits and characteristics of an individual. What we eat, where we work, and how we live affects not only the activity of our genes but that of our offspring as well. This discovery has imposed a revolutionary theoretical shift on modern biology, especially on evolutionary theory. It has helped to uncover the developmental processes leading to cancer, obesity, schizophrenia, alcoholism, and aging, and to facilitate associated medial applications such as stem cell therapy and cloning. Above the Gene, Beyond Biology explores how biologists in this booming field investigate and explain living systems. Jan Baedke offers the first comprehensive philosophical discussion of epigenetic concepts, explanations, and methodologies so that we can better understand this “epigenetic turn” in the life sciences from a philosophical perspective.

Lifespan

Author : David A. Sinclair
Publisher : Atria Books
ISBN 13 : 1501191977
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Lifespan by : David A. Sinclair

Download or read book Lifespan written by David A. Sinclair and published by Atria Books. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “Brilliant and enthralling.” —The Wall Street Journal A paradigm-shifting book from an acclaimed Harvard Medical School scientist and one of Time’s most influential people. It’s a seemingly undeniable truth that aging is inevitable. But what if everything we’ve been taught to believe about aging is wrong? What if we could choose our lifespan? In this groundbreaking book, Dr. David Sinclair, leading world authority on genetics and longevity, reveals a bold new theory for why we age. As he writes: “Aging is a disease, and that disease is treatable.” This eye-opening and provocative work takes us to the frontlines of research that is pushing the boundaries on our perceived scientific limitations, revealing incredible breakthroughs—many from Dr. David Sinclair’s own lab at Harvard—that demonstrate how we can slow down, or even reverse, aging. The key is activating newly discovered vitality genes, the descendants of an ancient genetic survival circuit that is both the cause of aging and the key to reversing it. Recent experiments in genetic reprogramming suggest that in the near future we may not just be able to feel younger, but actually become younger. Through a page-turning narrative, Dr. Sinclair invites you into the process of scientific discovery and reveals the emerging technologies and simple lifestyle changes—such as intermittent fasting, cold exposure, exercising with the right intensity, and eating less meat—that have been shown to help us live younger and healthier for longer. At once a roadmap for taking charge of our own health destiny and a bold new vision for the future of humankind, Lifespan will forever change the way we think about why we age and what we can do about it.

Modern Psychology and Ancient Wisdom

Author : Sharon G. Mijares
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317505816
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Psychology and Ancient Wisdom by : Sharon G. Mijares

Download or read book Modern Psychology and Ancient Wisdom written by Sharon G. Mijares and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Psychology and Ancient Wisdom, 2nd edition, brings together experts who explore the use of ancient healing techniques from Buddhism, Christianity, Goddess, Shamanism, Taoism, and Yogic traditions as well as the mystical practices of Judaism and Islam and their application to modern counseling and therapy professions. Each chapter lays out time-tested techniques used by teachers, guides, and practitioners to facilitate psychological healing, embraces a wide variety of cultural perspectives, and offers a large, varied, and meaningful view of the world. This new edition includes added material on Islam, indigenous, and shamanic healing perspectives and practices, as well as new findings in the fields of neuropsychology and epigenetics. With its vast offerings of new treatment methods from a variety of perspectives—from therapeutic metaphors and breathing exercises to meditation and yoga techniques—this book will be of use to mental health professionals, social workers, and pastoral caregivers.

The Fevers of Reason

Author : Gerald Weissmann
Publisher : Bellevue Literary Press
ISBN 13 : 1942658338
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fevers of Reason by : Gerald Weissmann

Download or read book The Fevers of Reason written by Gerald Weissmann and published by Bellevue Literary Press. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "America's most interesting and important essayist." —Eric Kandel, Nobel Prize–winning author of The Age of Insight "[Gerald Weissmann] bridges the space between science and the humanities, and particularly between medicine and the muses, with wit, erudition, and, most important, wisdom." —Adam Gopnik In this diverting collection of essays, Gerald Weissmann looks back on decades of a career spent working at the intersection of the arts and sciences. The Fevers of Reason features some of his best and most representative works, alongside eleven new essays never before published in book form. Masterfully drawing from an array of subject areas and time periods, he tackles everything from Ebola to Eisenhower, Zika to Zola, Darwin to Dawkins, showcasing his singular contribution to humanistic science writing. Gerald Weissmann (August 7, 1930 – July 10, 2019) was a physician, scientist, editor, and essayist whose collections include The Fevers of Reason: New and Selected Essays; Epigenetics in the Age of Twitter: Pop Culture and Modern Science; Mortal and Immortal DNA: Science and the Lure of Myth; and Galileo's Gout: Science in an Age of Endarkenment.

The Epigenetics Revolution

Author : Nessa Carey
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231530714
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epigenetics Revolution by : Nessa Carey

Download or read book The Epigenetics Revolution written by Nessa Carey and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics can potentially revolutionize our understanding of the structure and behavior of biological life on Earth. It explains why mapping an organism's genetic code is not enough to determine how it develops or acts and shows how nurture combines with nature to engineer biological diversity. Surveying the twenty-year history of the field while also highlighting its latest findings and innovations, this volume provides a readily understandable introduction to the foundations of epigenetics. Nessa Carey, a leading epigenetics researcher, connects the field's arguments to such diverse phenomena as how ants and queen bees control their colonies; why tortoiseshell cats are always female; why some plants need cold weather before they can flower; and how our bodies age and develop disease. Reaching beyond biology, epigenetics now informs work on drug addiction, the long-term effects of famine, and the physical and psychological consequences of childhood trauma. Carey concludes with a discussion of the future directions for this research and its ability to improve human health and well-being.

The Pharmagellan Guide to Analyzing Biotech Clinical Trials

Author : Frank David
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780998407524
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pharmagellan Guide to Analyzing Biotech Clinical Trials by : Frank David

Download or read book The Pharmagellan Guide to Analyzing Biotech Clinical Trials written by Frank David and published by . This book was released on 2022-01-10 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive primer to help non-experts evaluate clinical studies of new therapies. If you work in or around biotech, you're supposed to understand clinical trial results. But what if you're not an expert in study design or biostatistics? You may feel out of your comfort zone when faced with a journal article, press release, or investor presentation. Inside this book: -- Structured roadmap for assessing the main components of a planned orcompleted biotech trial.-- Clear explanations of the most common concepts and terms in biotechclinical studies, illustrated with over 100 real-world examples.-- Deep dives on essential topics like p values, sample size calculations, andKaplan-Meier curves, written in plain English for non-statisticians.-- Pointers for interpreting positive and negative study results, understandingcommon figures and tables, and identifying red flags in press releases.If you're a biotech executive, investor, advisor, or entrepreneur--or aspire to be one--this handbook will give you the foundation you need to analyze planned and completed clinical trials with more confidence."Hugely helpful. I wish I'd had a book like this earlier in my career." - SIR MENEPANGALOS, Executive VP, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca"A terrific primer for non-experts looking to better evaluate new therapies." -DAPHNE ZOHAR, Founder and CEO, PureTech Health"Crisp and clear. Wise advice on when to rely on clinical data and when to beskeptical." - MICHAEL ROSENBLATT, Senior Partner, Flagship Pioneering"A source of much-needed illumination." - DAN LEPANTO, Senior ManagingDirector, M&A, SVB Leerink

Play Among Books

Author : Miro Roman
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3035624054
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Play Among Books by : Miro Roman

Download or read book Play Among Books written by Miro Roman and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2021-12-06 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does coding change the way we think about architecture? This question opens up an important research perspective. In this book, Miro Roman and his AI Alice_ch3n81 develop a playful scenario in which they propose coding as the new literacy of information. They convey knowledge in the form of a project model that links the fields of architecture and information through two interwoven narrative strands in an “infinite flow” of real books. Focusing on the intersection of information technology and architectural formulation, the authors create an evolving intellectual reflection on digital architecture and computer science.

The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance

Author : E. Kuhlmann
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 113738493X
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance by : E. Kuhlmann

Download or read book The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance written by E. Kuhlmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-18 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with more general issues of healthcare policy and governance in a global perspective and using the lens of national case studies of healthcare reform, this handbook addresses key themes in the debates over changing healthcare policy.

Epigenetic Epidemiology

Author : Karin B. Michels
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400724950
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Epigenetic Epidemiology by : Karin B. Michels

Download or read book Epigenetic Epidemiology written by Karin B. Michels and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-02 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exploding field of epigenetics is challenging the dogma of traditional Mendelian inheritance. Epigenetics plays an important role in shaping who we are and contributes to our prospects of health and disease. While early epigenetic research focused on plant and animal models and in vitro experiments, population-based epidemiologic studies increasingly incorporate epigenetic components. The relevance of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and histone modification for disease causation has yet to be fully explored.This book covers the basic concepts of epigenetic epidemiology, discusses challenges in study design, analysis, and interpretation, epigenetic laboratory techniques, the influence of age and environmental factors on shaping the epigenome, the role of epigenetics in the developmental origins hypothesis, and provides the state of the art on the epigenetic epidemiology of various health conditions including childhood syndromes, cancer, infectious diseases, inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis. With contributions from: Peter Jones, Jean-Pierre Issa, Gavin Kelsey, Robert Waterland, and many other experts in epigenetics!

Epigenetics

Author : Reinhard Heil
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3658144602
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (581 download)

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Book Synopsis Epigenetics by : Reinhard Heil

Download or read book Epigenetics written by Reinhard Heil and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern epigenetics unites scientists from life sciences, organic chemistry as well as computer and engineering sciences to find an answer to the question of how environmental influences can have a lasting effect on gene expression, maybe even into the next generations. This volume examines from an interdisciplinary perspective the ethical, legal and social aspects of epigenetics.

Epigenetic Processes and Evolution of Life

Author : Jana Švorcová
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 135100994X
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Epigenetic Processes and Evolution of Life by : Jana Švorcová

Download or read book Epigenetic Processes and Evolution of Life written by Jana Švorcová and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the possible story of emergence of life and its subsequent evolution, emphasizing the necessary evolutionary step negotiation of a common "language set" which kept all inhabitants in the biosphere together, ensuring a basic level of understanding among them. The book focuses on "protocols of communication" (both genetic and epigenetic) representing norms shared and understood across the whole biosphere, enabling a plethora of holobiotic relationships. Cooperative nature of organismal evolution and epigenetic processes as a major force in evolution are also covered. Topics discussed are illustrated in detail on selected casuistics.

Epigenetics of Aging

Author : Trygve O. Tollefsbol
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441906398
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Epigenetics of Aging by : Trygve O. Tollefsbol

Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.