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Einsteins Italian Mathematicians
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Book Synopsis Einstein's Italian Mathematicians by : Judith R. Goodstein
Download or read book Einstein's Italian Mathematicians written by Judith R. Goodstein and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first decade of the twentieth century as Albert Einstein began formulating a revolutionary theory of gravity, the Italian mathematician Gregorio Ricci was entering the later stages of what appeared to be a productive if not particularly memorable career, devoted largely to what his colleagues regarded as the dogged development of a mathematical language he called the absolute differential calculus. In 1912, the work of these two dedicated scientists would intersect—and physics and mathematics would never be the same. Einstein's Italian Mathematicians chronicles the lives and intellectual contributions of Ricci and his brilliant student Tullio Levi-Civita, including letters, interviews, memoranda, and other personal and professional papers, to tell the remarkable, little-known story of how two Italian academicians, of widely divergent backgrounds and temperaments, came to provide the indispensable mathematical foundation—today known as the tensor calculus—for general relativity.
Download or read book Vector written by Robyn Arianrhod and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-05-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A celebration of the seemingly simple idea that allowed us to imagine the world in new dimensions—sparking both controversy and discovery. The stars of this book, vectors and tensors, are unlikely celebrities. If you ever took a physics course, the word “vector” might remind you of the mathematics needed to determine forces on an amusement park ride, a turbine, or a projectile. You might also remember that a vector is a quantity that has magnitude and (this is the key) direction. In fact, vectors are examples of tensors, which can represent even more data. It sounds simple enough—and yet, as award-winning science writer Robyn Arianrhod shows in this riveting story, the idea of a single symbol expressing more than one thing at once was millennia in the making. And without that idea, we wouldn’t have such a deep understanding of our world. Vector and tensor calculus offers an elegant language for expressing the way things behave in space and time, and Arianrhod shows how this enabled physicists and mathematicians to think in a brand-new way. These include James Clerk Maxwell when he ushered in the wireless electromagnetic age; Einstein when he predicted the curving of space-time and the existence of gravitational waves; Paul Dirac, when he created quantum field theory; and Emmy Noether, when she connected mathematical symmetry and the conservation of energy. For it turned out that it’s not just physical quantities and dimensions that vectors and tensors can represent, but other dimensions and other kinds of information, too. This is why physicists and mathematicians can speak of four-dimensional space-time and other higher-dimensional “spaces,” and why you’re likely relying on vectors or tensors whenever you use digital applications such as search engines, GPS, or your mobile phone. In exploring the evolution of vectors and tensors—and introducing the fascinating people who gave them to us—Arianrhod takes readers on an extraordinary, five-thousand-year journey through the human imagination. She shows the genius required to reimagine the world—and how a clever mathematical construct can dramatically change discovery’s direction.
Book Synopsis Italian Mathematics Between the Two World Wars by : Angelo Guerraggio
Download or read book Italian Mathematics Between the Two World Wars written by Angelo Guerraggio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-20 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes Italian mathematics in the period between the two World Wars. It analyzes the development by focusing on both the interior and the external influences. Italian mathematics in that period was shaped by a colorful array of strong personalities who concentrated their efforts on a select number of fields and won international recognition and respect in an incredibly short time. Consequently, Italy was considered a third mathematical power after France and Germany.
Book Synopsis Einstein's Mistakes: The Human Failings of Genius by : Hans C. Ohanian
Download or read book Einstein's Mistakes: The Human Failings of Genius written by Hans C. Ohanian and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2009-11-09 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A thought-provoking critique of Einstein’s tantalizing combination of brilliance and blunder.”—Andrew Robinson, New Scientist Never before translated into English, the Manimekhalai is one of the great classics of Indian culture.
Book Synopsis The Gravity of Math by : Steve Nadis
Download or read book The Gravity of Math written by Steve Nadis and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2024-04-16 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the preeminent mathematicians of the past half century shows how physics and math were combined to give us the theory of gravity and the dizzying array of ideas and insights that has come from it Mathematics is far more than just the language of science. It is a critical underpinning of nature. The famed physicist Albert Einstein demonstrated this in 1915 when he showed that gravity—long considered an attractive force between massive objects—was actually a manifestation of the curvature, or geometry, of space and time. But in making this towering intellectual leap, Einstein needed the help of several mathematicians, including Marcel Grossmann, who introduced him to the geometrical framework upon which his theory rest. In The Gravity of Math, Steve Nadis and Shing-Tung Yau consider how math can drive and sometimes even anticipate discoveries in physics. Examining phenomena like black holes, gravitational waves, and the Big Bang, Nadis and Yau ask: Why do mathematical statements, derived solely from logic, provide the best descriptions of our physical world? The Gravity of Math offers an insightful and compelling look into the power of mathematics—whose reach, like that of gravity, can extend to the edge of the universe.
Book Synopsis The Volterra Chronicles by : Judith R. Goodstein
Download or read book The Volterra Chronicles written by Judith R. Goodstein and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The life of Vito Volterra, one of the finest scientists and mathematicians Italy ever produced, spans the period from the unification of the Italian peninsula in 1860 to the onset of the Second World War--an era of unparalleled progress and unprecedented turmoil in the history of Europe. Born into an Italian Jewish family in the year of the liberation of Italy's Jewish ghettos, Volterra was barely in his twenties when he made his name as a mathematician and took his place as aleading light in Italy's modern scientific renaissance. By his early forties, he was a world-renowned mathematician, a sought-after figure in European intellectual and social circles, the undisputed head of Italy's mathematics and physics school--and still living with his mother, who decided the time wasripe to arrange his marriage. When Italy entered World War I in 1915, the fifty-five-year-old Volterra served with distinction and verve as a lieutenant and did not put on civilian clothes again until the Armistice of 1918. By This book, based in part on unpublished personal letters and interviews, traces the extraordinary life and times of one of Europe's foremost scientists and mathematicians, from his teenage struggles to avoid the stifling life of a ``respectable'' bank clerk in Florence,to his seminal mathematical work--which today influences fields as diverse as economics, physics, and ecology--and from his spirited support of Italy's scientific and democratic institutions during his years as an Italian Senator, to his steadfast defiance of the Fascists and Mussolini. In recountingthe life of this outstanding scientist, European Jewish intellectual, committed Italian patriot, and devoted if frequently distracted family man, The Volterra Chronicles depicts a remarkable individual in a prodigious age and takes the reader on a vivid and splendidly detailed historical journey. Information for our distributors: Copublished with the London Mathematical Society beginning with Volume 4. Members of the LMS may order directly from the AMS at the AMS member price. The LMS isregistered with the Charity Commissioners.
Book Synopsis Einstein Himself by : Anthony McAuliffe
Download or read book Einstein Himself written by Anthony McAuliffe and published by Anthony McAuliffe. This book was released on with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A more critical look at the man known today by most as one of the greatest scientists of all time. A unique and thought-provoking narrative quite at odds with the generally-accepted dogma. How exactly did Einstein rise to become so revered today? This is also the story of Mileva Maric, a little-known woman who just so happened to be Einstein’s first wife. When Einstein presented his famous ‘Annus Mirabilis’ or ‘Wonder Year’ papers in 1905, Mileva was of equal training in the fields of mathematics and physics and indeed, more accomplished than Einstein in many other disciplines. “He seems more an intuitive physicist,” stated Chaim Weizmann, a promoter of Einstein. “He is not an experimental physicist and though he is able to detect fallacies in the conceptions of physical science, he must turn his general outlines of theory over to someone else to work out.” Historians report that Einstein collaborated with other scientists from 1907. In 1905, there was Mileva.
Book Synopsis The Philosophy and Physics of Noether's Theorems by : James Read
Download or read book The Philosophy and Physics of Noether's Theorems written by James Read and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-29 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A centenary volume that celebrates, extends and applies Noether's 1918 theorems with contributions from world-leading researchers.
Download or read book Einstein written by Philipp Frank and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been written about Albert Einstein, technical and biographical, but very little remains as valuable as this unique hybrid of a book written by Einstein’s colleague and contemporary. Both rich in personal insights and grounded in a deep knowledge of twentieth-century science, Phillip Frank's biography anchors the reader with a lucid overview of physics and draws an intimate portrait of the Nobel Prize–winner.
Download or read book Relativity written by Albert Einstein and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After completing the final version of his general theory of relativity in November 1915, Albert Einstein wrote a book about relativity for a popular audience. This new edition of Einstein's book features an authoritative English translation of the text along with an introduction and a reading companion that examines the evolution of Einstein's thinking and casts his ideas in a broader present-day context. A special chapter explores the history of and the stories behind the early foreign-language editions in light of the reception of relativity in different countries. This edition also includes a survey of the introductions from these editions, covers from selected early editions, a letter from Walther Rathenau to Einstein discussing the book, and a revealing sample from Einstein's handwritten manuscript--
Book Synopsis Making 20th Century Science by : Stephen G. Brush
Download or read book Making 20th Century Science written by Stephen G. Brush and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the scientific method has been said to require proposing a theory, making a prediction of something not already known, testing the prediction, and giving up the theory (or substantially changing it) if it fails the test. A theory that leads to several successful predictions is more likely to be accepted than one that only explains what is already known but not understood. This process is widely treated as the conventional method of achieving scientific progress, and was used throughout the twentieth century as the standard route to discovery and experimentation. But does science really work this way? In Making 20th Century Science, Stephen G. Brush discusses this question, as it relates to the development of science throughout the last century. Answering this question requires both a philosophically and historically scientific approach, and Brush blends the two in order to take a close look at how scientific methodology has developed. Several cases from the history of modern physical and biological science are examined, including Mendeleev's Periodic Law, Kekule's structure for benzene, the light-quantum hypothesis, quantum mechanics, chromosome theory, and natural selection. In general it is found that theories are accepted for a combination of successful predictions and better explanations of old facts. Making 20th Century Science is a large-scale historical look at the implementation of the scientific method, and how scientific theories come to be accepted.
Book Synopsis Model and Mathematics: From the 19th to the 21st Century by : Michael Friedman
Download or read book Model and Mathematics: From the 19th to the 21st Century written by Michael Friedman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book collects the historical and medial perspectives of a systematic and epistemological analysis of the complicated, multifaceted relationship between model and mathematics, ranging from, for example, the physical mathematical models of the 19th century to the simulation and digital modelling of the 21st century. The aim of this anthology is to showcase the status of the mathematical model between abstraction and realization, presentation and representation, what is modeled and what models. This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Book Synopsis Cultural Studies on Einstein’s Relativity by : Ernst Gehrcke
Download or read book Cultural Studies on Einstein’s Relativity written by Ernst Gehrcke and published by GogLiB. This book was released on 2022-05-21 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why study Einstein’s relativity from a cultural point of view—the theory as well as the universal consensus it receives? On the one hand, every human phenomenon can be looked at from this point of view, but here we are faced with something special: the American magazine Time, which every December dedicates a cover to the “person of the year”, on the latest issue in 1999 named the “person of the century”, and who was this person, if not Einstein? From 1919 in a sensational way, but the signs of the phenomenon began to be observed already around 1910, the author of a theory that is almost impossible to make understandable to those who are not specialists enjoys generalized consensus among specialists and a popularity by the public of the whole world which has remained unchanged until the present. No one expressed this better than Chaplin, once he was acclaimed in public in the company of Einstein: “They cheer me because they all understand me, and they cheer you because no one understands you.” The little-known contemporary Gehrcke, if we have the patience to follow him, could lead the way to understand something of this. Ernst Gehrcke (1878-1960) was an academic physicist, a good connoisseur of Kant’s philosophy, a technologist of electromagnetism, inventor of instruments for measuring interference, an editor of monumental manuals on optics and radiology, an expert in palaeontology and prehistory (some photographs available on the Internet show him intent on ordering geological samples and lithic finds), and in addition to all this he was the first to think that it was necessary to study relativity from a cultural point of view. In this book we will read his attempts in this direction, which began in 1912, when general relativity did not yet exist, but special relativity had already inflamed with enthusiasm some students and physicists of the new generation, in Germany and beyond.
Download or read book Einstein written by Walter Isaacson and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOW A MAJOR SERIES 'GENIUS' ON NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, PRODUCED BY RON HOWARD AND STARRING GEOFFREY RUSH Einstein is the great icon of our age: the kindly refugee from oppression whose wild halo of hair, twinkling eyes, engaging humanity and extraordinary brilliance made his face a symbol and his name a synonym for genius. He was a rebel and nonconformist from boyhood days. His character, creativity and imagination were related, and they drove both his life and his science. In this marvellously clear and accessible narrative, Walter Isaacson explains how his mind worked and the mysteries of the universe that he discovered. Einstein's success came from questioning conventional wisdom and marvelling at mysteries that struck others as mundane. This led him to embrace a worldview based on respect for free spirits and free individuals. All of which helped make Einstein into a rebel but with a reverence for the harmony of nature, one with just the right blend of imagination and wisdom to transform our understanding of the universe. This new biography, the first since all of Einstein's papers have become available, is the fullest picture yet of one of the key figures of the twentieth century. This is the first full biography of Albert Einstein since all of his papers have become available -- a fully realised portrait of this extraordinary human being, and great genius. Praise for EINSTEIN by Walter Isaacson:- 'YOU REALLY MUST READ THIS.' Sunday Times 'As pithy as Einstein himself.’ New Scientist ‘[A] brilliant biography, rich with newly available archival material.’ Literary Review ‘Beautifully written, it renders the physics understandable.’ Sunday Telegraph ‘Isaacson is excellent at explaining the science. ' Daily Express
Book Synopsis Foundations of General Relativity by : Klaas Landsman
Download or read book Foundations of General Relativity written by Klaas Landsman and published by Radboud University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, dedicated to Roger Penrose, is a second, mathematically oriented course in general relativity. It contains extensive references and occasional excursions in the history and philosophy of gravity, including a relatively lengthy historical introduction. The book is intended for all students of general relativity of any age and orientation who have a background including at least first courses in special and general relativity, differential geometry, and topology. The material is developed in such a way that through the last two chapters the reader may acquire a taste of the modern mathematical study of black holes initiated by Penrose, Hawking, and others, as further influenced by the initial-value or PDE approach to general relativity. Successful readers might be able to begin reading research papers on black holes, especially in mathematical physics and in the philosophy of physics. The chapters are: Historical introduction, General differential geometry, Metric differential geometry, Curvature, Geodesics and causal structure, The singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose, The Einstein equations, The 3+1 split of space-time, Black holes I: Exact solutions, and Black holes II: General theory. These are followed by two appendices containing background on Lie groups, Lie algebras, & constant curvature, and on Formal PDE theory.
Book Synopsis Einstein's Unification by : Jeroen van Dongen
Download or read book Einstein's Unification written by Jeroen van Dongen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shedding new light on Einstein's study of unified field theory, this book will interest physicists, historians and philosophers of science.
Book Synopsis Marcel Grossmann by : Claudia Graf-Grossmann
Download or read book Marcel Grossmann written by Claudia Graf-Grossmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zurich, summer 1912. Albert Einstein has just returned from Prague to the city on the Limmat. He sends a plea for help to his former fellow student, the mathematician Marcel Grossmann (1878-1936), for he is in need of assistance with the mathematical calculations of his general theory of relativity. What then follows is one of the most fascinating chapters of science history, with far-reaching consequences for the lives of the two friends. Marcel Grossmann’s granddaughter paints here a picture of a fiery and many-talented scientist and patriot. She traces the influence of an entrepreneurial family during Germany’s rapid industrial expansion in the late 19th century. The family’s fluctuating fortunes take the story to the vibrant city of Budapest on the Danube; they enable readers to sense the pioneering spirit at Zurich’s young Polytechnic Institute (now ETH Zurich) – but also reflect the worries and hardships of the First World War and interwar years. The Foreword is written by Prof. Remo Ruffini, founder and president of the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and the Marcel Grossmann Meetings. Last but not least, an extensive contribution by Dr. Tilman Sauer offers a scientific-historical appreciation of Marcel Grossmann’s enduring contributions.
