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Effect Of Oxidation State And Ionic Strength On Sorption Of Actinides Th U Np Am To Geologic Media
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Book Synopsis Effect of Oxidation State and Ionic Strength on Sorption of Actinides (Th, U, Np, Am) to Geologic Media by :
Download or read book Effect of Oxidation State and Ionic Strength on Sorption of Actinides (Th, U, Np, Am) to Geologic Media written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degree of conservatism in the estimated sorption partition coefficients (Kds) used in a performance assessment model is being evaluated based on a complementary batch and column method. The main focus of this work is to investigate the role of ionic strength, solution chemistry, and oxidation state (III-VI) in actinide sorption to dolomite rock. Based on redox conditions and solution chemistry expected at the WIPP, possible actinide species include Pu(III), Pu(IV), U(IV), U(VI), Np(IV), Np(V), Am(III), and Th(IV).
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Author :Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB. Publisher :Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ISBN 13 : Total Pages :284 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media by : Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB.
Download or read book Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media written by Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB. and published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This book was released on 2002 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste. Retention of radionuclides within the geosphere for prolonged periods is an important safety function of deep geologic disposal concepts for radioactive waste. The extent to which retention processes can be relied upon in repository performance assessment depends upon the existence of well-established theoretical bases for the processes. It also depends on support for the opera.
Book Synopsis Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media by : Donald T. Reed
Download or read book Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media written by Donald T. Reed and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The management and disposal of radioactive wastes are key international issues requiring a sound, fundamental scientific basis to insure public and environmental protection. Large quantities of existing nuclear waste must be treated to encapsulate the radioactivity in a form suitable for disposal. The treatment of this waste, due to its extreme diversity, presents tremendous engineering and scientific challenges. Geologic isolation of transuranic waste is the approach currently proposed by all nuclear countries for its final disposal. To be successful in this endeavor, it is necessary to understand the behavior of plutonium and the other actinides in relevant environmental media. Conceptual models for stored high level waste and waste repository systems present many sCientific difficulties due to their complexity and non-ideality. For example, much of the high level nuclear waste in the US is stored as alkaline concentrated electrolyte materials, where the chemistry of the actinides under such conditions is not well understood. This lack of understanding limits the successful separation and treatment of these wastes. Also, countries such as the US and Germany plan to dispose of actinide bearing wastes in geologic salt deposits. In this case, understanding the speciation and transport properties of actinides in brines is critical for confidence in repository performance and risk assessment activities. Many deep groundwaters underlying existing contaminated sites are also high in ionic strength. Until recently, the scientific basis for describing actinide chemistry in such systems was extremely limited.
Book Synopsis Transactions of the American Nuclear Society by : American Nuclear Society
Download or read book Transactions of the American Nuclear Society written by American Nuclear Society and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis SURFACE COMPLEXATION OF ACTINIDES WITH IRON OXIDES by : Y. Tsai
Download or read book SURFACE COMPLEXATION OF ACTINIDES WITH IRON OXIDES written by Y. Tsai and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surface complexation of actinides with iron oxides plays a key role in actinide transport and retardation in geosphere-biosphere systems. The development of accurate actinide transport models therefore requires a mechanistic understanding of surface complexation reactions (i.e. knowledge of chemical speciation at mineral/fluid interfaces). Iron oxides are particularly important actinide sorbents due to their pH dependent surface charges, relatively high surface areas and ubiquity in oxic and suboxic near-surface systems. In this paper we present results from field and laboratory investigations that elucidate the mechanisms involved in binding uranium and neptunium to iron oxide mineral substrates in near neutral groundwaters. The field study involved sampling and characterizing uranium-bearing groundwaters and solids from a saprolite aquifer overlying an unmined uranium deposit in the Virginia Piedmont. The groundwaters were analyzed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry and ion chromatography and the aquifer solids were analyzed by electron microprobe. The laboratory study involved a series of batch sorption tests in which U(VI) and Np(V) were reacted with goethite, hematite and magnetite in simulated groundwaters. The pH, ionic strength, aging time, and sorbent/sorbate ratios were varied in these experiments. The oxidation state and coordination environment of neptunium in solutions and sorbents from the batch tests were characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Results from this work indicate that, in oxidizing near-surface aquifers, the dissolved concentration of uranium may be limited to less than 30 parts per billion due to uptake by iron oxide mineral coatings and the precipitation of sparingly soluble U(VI) phosphate minerals. Results from the batch adsorption tests showed that, in near neutral groundwaters, a significant fraction of the uranium and neptunium adsorbed as strongly bound surface complexes that were not removed (desorbed) when the sorbents were resuspended in dilute groundwater. The XAS results indicate that at pH 7.0-8.0 neptunium adsorbs to goethite as a neptunyl(V) complex and to magnetite as an inner-sphere Np(lV) complex with a Np-Fe distance of approximately 3.5 angstroms. These findings demonstrate that the presence of iron oxides in oxidizing near-surface aquifers may significantly retard actinide transport and that future reactive-transport models for actinides should therefore account for irreversible sorption processes.
Book Synopsis Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides by :
Download or read book Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies of Actinide Sorption on Selected Geologic Materials by :
Download or read book Studies of Actinide Sorption on Selected Geologic Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions of U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm with basalt, shale, and granite were studied. The sorption--desorption processes were studied by batch-type technique and gamma counting. Experimental results to date are given and discussed. 11 figures, 8 tables. (DLC).
Book Synopsis Chemical Aspects of Actinides in the Geosphere by :
Download or read book Chemical Aspects of Actinides in the Geosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete understanding of actinide interactions in the geosphere is paramount for developing a rational Nuclear and Environmental Materials Management Policy. One of the key challenges towards understanding the fate and transport of actinides is determining their speciation (i.e., oxidation state and structure). Since an element's speciation directly dictates physical properties such as toxicity and solubility, this information is critical for evaluating and controlling the evolution of an actinide element through the environment. Specific areas within nuclear and environmental management programs where speciation is important are (1) waste processing and separations; (2) wasteform materials for long-term disposition; and (3) aqueous geochemistry. The goal of this project was to develop Actinide X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (U S) as a core capability at LLNL and integrate it with existing facilities, providing a multi-technique approach to actinide speciation. XAS is an element-specific structural probe which determines the oxidation state and structure for most atoms. XAS can be more incisive than other spectroscopies because it originates from an atomic process and the information is always attainable, regardless of an element's speciation. Despite the utility, XAS is relatively complex due to the need for synchrotron radiation and significant expertise with data acquisition and analysis. The coupling of these technical hurdles with the safe handling of actinides at a general user synchrotron facility such as the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRL) make such experiments even more difficult. As a result, XAS has been underutilized by programs that could benefit by its application. We achieved our project goals by implementing key state-of-the-art Actinide XAS instrumentation at SSRL (Ge detector and remote positioning equipment), and by determining the chemical speciation of actinides (Th, U, and Np) in aqueous solutions, wasteform cements, and with geologic materials. The results provide a rational scientific basis for ongoing DOE projects involving nuclear and environmental materials challenges. Future LLNL projects will utilize the Actinide XAS expertise to characterize actinides in important chemical systems, while continuing to improve the XAS capabilities to study metallic alloys, cryogenic sample conditions, and lower analyte concentrations.
Book Synopsis Nagra/PSI Chemical Thermodynamic Data Base 01/01 by : Wolfgang Hummel
Download or read book Nagra/PSI Chemical Thermodynamic Data Base 01/01 written by Wolfgang Hummel and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nagra/PSI Chemical Thermodynamic Data Base 01/01 is an encyclopedia of thermodynamic data recommended for environmental studies. The data base focuses on elements commonly found as major solutes in natural waters, and on actinides and fission products relevant for radioactive waste disposal projects. It is the official chemical thermodynamic data base used in Swiss radioactive waste disposal projects. The detailed discussion of every number recommended in this encyclopedia is the result of a multi man-year project of the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), a Swiss National Lab. The five authors of this work have many years of experience in research, data base development and the application of thermodynamic data in environmental studies. The data included for many elements are based on their reviews of the basic literature. The data base also includes additional data selected by the authors from recommendations of other experts in ground- water geochemistry and of the international data base project of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA).This report is indispensable for every scientist working in the field of environmental studies as the comprehensive source of information on the quality of the thermodynamic data governing particular problems in environmental geochemistry, especially those concerned with the fate of hazardous substances. This enables graduate students, researchers and consultants, as well as regulators and reviewers of scientific papers to assess the scientific basis of environmental modeling studies. The encyclopedia can be used as a stand-alone source of knowledge but amplereferences are provided for readers who wish to go beyond the level of discussion in the book. An electronic version of the data base and a data base management program is available for download at our homepage (http://les.web.psi.ch/TDBbook.htm).
Book Synopsis Actinide Separations by : James D. Navratil
Download or read book Actinide Separations written by James D. Navratil and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed., Volumes 1-5) by : L.R. Morss
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed., Volumes 1-5) written by L.R. Morss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 4059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements is a contemporary and definitive compilation of chemical properties of all of the actinide elements, especially of the technologically important elements uranium and plutonium, as well as the transactinide elements. In addition to the comprehensive treatment of the chemical properties of each element, ion, and compound from atomic number 89 (actinium) through to 109 (meitnerium), this multi-volume work has specialized and definitive chapters on electronic theory, optical and laser fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, organoactinide chemistry, thermodynamics, magnetic properties, the metals, coordination chemistry, separations, and trace analysis. Several chapters deal with environmental science, safe handling, and biological interactions of the actinide elements. The Editors invited teams of authors, who are active practitioners and recognized experts in their specialty, to write each chapter and have endeavoured to provide a balanced and insightful treatment of these fascinating elements at the frontier of the periodic table. Because the field has expanded with new spectroscopic techniques and environmental focus, the work encompasses five volumes, each of which groups chapters on related topics. All chapters represent the current state of research in the chemistry of these elements and related fields.
Book Synopsis Surface Complexation Modelling by : Johannes Lutzenkirchen
Download or read book Surface Complexation Modelling written by Johannes Lutzenkirchen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-09-02 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface Complexation Modelling deals with various aspects associate to the modelling of solutes adsorption from of solutes from aqueous solutions to minerals. The individual contributions cover fundamental aspects and applications. Applications cover case studies and present consistent surface complexation parameter sets. The model approaches range from simplistic to mechanistic. More fundamental contributions address underlying phenomena or stress the opportunities of modern computational methods. Several mineral systems are covered, including goethite, gibbsite, clay minerals etc.Surface Complexation Modelling presents the state-of-the-art of surface complexation modelling and suggests ideas for further model development. A number of chapters are authored by scientists working on nuclear waste storage, where the retention of radionuclides contributes to preventing radionuclide migration from the repository to the biosphere. Other contributions come from soil and environmental chemists with an interest in reactive transport of pollutants in soils or aquifers. Covering a wide range of disciplines Bringing together contributions from experts in the field Providing a balance between the theoretical and applied aspects
Book Synopsis Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds by : Sergey Krivovichev
Download or read book Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds written by Sergey Krivovichev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds is a collection of 13 reviews on structural and coordination chemistry of actinide compounds. Within the last decade, these compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their importance for radioactive waste management, catalysis, ion-exchange and absorption applications, etc. Synthetic and natural actinide compounds are also of great environmental concern as they form as a result of alteration of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste under Earth surface conditions, during burn-up of nuclear fuel in reactors, represent oxidation products of uranium miles and mine tailings, etc. The actinide compounds are also of considerable interest to material scientists due to the unique electronic properties of actinides that give rise to interesting physical properties controlled by the structural architecture of respective compounds. The book provides both general overview and review of recent developments in the field, including such emergent topics as nanomaterials and nanoparticles and their relevance to the transfer of actinides under environmental conditions. * Covers over 2,000 actinide compounds including materials, minerals and coordination polymers* Summarizes recent achievements in the field* Some chapters reveal (secret) advances made by the Soviet Union during the 'Cold war'
Book Synopsis Chemical Thermodynamics of Neptunium and Plutonium by : Robert J. Lemire
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics of Neptunium and Plutonium written by Robert J. Lemire and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-08-26 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike earlier books in this series, this review describes the selection of chemical thermodynamic data for species of two elements, neptunium and plutonium. Although this came about more by circumstance than design, it has allowed for a more consistent approach to chemical interpretation than might have occurred in two separate treatments. It has also drawn attention to cases where the available data do not show expected parallels, and where further work may be useful to confirm or refute apparent differences in the behaviour of neptunium and plutonium.
Book Synopsis Chemical Thermodynamics of Zirconium by :
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics of Zirconium written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-06 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is part of the series on "Chemical Thermodynamics", published under the aegis of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. It contains a critical review of the literature on thermodynamic data for inorganic compounds of zirconium. A review team, composed of five internationally recognized experts, has critically reviewed all the scientific literature containing chemical thermodynamic information for the above mentioned systems. The results of this critical review carried out following the Guidelines of the OECD NEA Thermochemical Database Project have been documented in the present volume, which contains tables of selected values for formation and reaction thermodynamical properties and an extensive bibliography. * Critical review of all literature on chemical thermodynamics for compounds and complexes of Zr.* Tables of recommended Selected Values for thermochemical properties* Documented review procedure* Exhaustive bibliography* Intended to meet requirements of radioactive waste management community* Valuable reference source for the physical, analytical and environmental chemist.
