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Effect Of Dietary L Carnitine On Finishing Pig Growth Performance Meat Quality And Stress Parameters During Handling
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Book Synopsis Effect of Dietary L-carnitine on Finishing Pig Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Stress Parameters During Handling by : Bradley William James
Download or read book Effect of Dietary L-carnitine on Finishing Pig Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Stress Parameters During Handling written by Bradley William James and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of dietary L-carnitine and ractopamine HCl (ractopamine) on finishing pig growth performance. In analysis of treatments common to all experiments, ractopamine increased (P
Book Synopsis The Effects of Dietary Fat Source and Feeding Duration on Pig Growth Performance and Fat Quality by : Ethan Wade Stephenson
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Fat Source and Feeding Duration on Pig Growth Performance and Fat Quality written by Ethan Wade Stephenson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 3 experiments, 4,720 pigs were used to determine the effects of: 1) dietary fat and feeding duration on growth performance and fat quality in finishing pigs; or 2) a novel protease or 3) increasing levels of Zn amino acid complex (ZnAA) or ZnO on finishing pig performance. Experiment 1 tested the effects of feeding tallow, soybean oil, or a blend of the two for various feeding durations (d 0 to 42, 42 to 84, or 0 to 84). Overall, pigs fed added fat for the entire 84 d had improved G:F compared to those fed a control diet. Additionally, pigs fed additional fat for the entire study had improved ADG and G:F as well as increased d 84 BW compared to pigs fed additional fat for 42 d. Increasing the feeding duration of soybean oil lowered monounsaturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations while these values remained relatively unchanged by the addition of tallow. There were feeding period by fat source interactions for fatty acid composition and iodine value for belly and backfat, but not jowl fat, indicating a longer turnover rate for jowl fat compared to belly or backfat. In Exp. 2, adding a protease to a nutrient deficient diet increased ADFI and tended to increase ADG compared to pigs fed a negative control diet. There were no differences observed in ADG, ADFI, or G:F between pigs fed a positive control diet, formulated to 90% of the pigs SID lysine requirement, and those fed a negative control diet plus the protease, which would suggest the release values attributed to the enzyme were accurate. In Exp. 3, supplementing additional Zn from either ZnAA or ZnO at 25, 50, or 75 ppm in finishing diets for commercial finishing pigs was evaluated. Overall, no differences were observed in ADFI, but a Zn source by level interaction was observed for ADG and G:F, as pigs fed increasing ZnO were observed to have similar performance, while pigs fed added levels of 25 and 50 ppm Zn from ZnAA had decreased performance compared to those fed the highest level of ZnAA.
Book Synopsis The Slaughter of Farmed Animals by : Temple Grandin
Download or read book The Slaughter of Farmed Animals written by Temple Grandin and published by CABI. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides both evidence-based scientific studies and practical guidance to enhance the welfare of cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry at slaughter. Temple Grandin and Michael Cockram have brought together a range of international experts to prepare chapters on philosophical and ethical views on the slaughter of farmed animals. These include welfare issues and their assessment, the condition of animals on arrival and their management during lairage, animal handling, methods of humane slaughter and assessment of unconsciousness. The book boldly tackles controversial issues around the compromises necessary when balancing animal welfare concerns with commercial realities, as well as religious slaughter. Chapters cover methods of stunning, pre-slaughter handling, equipment design, monitoring welfare with abattoir data and auditing methods. It is an important publication for those involved in implementing improvements in the humane slaughter of farmed animals and is recommended for veterinarians, students, abattoir managers and government regulators.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Swine by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Swine written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1944, the National Research Council has published 10 editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Swine. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the swine and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for swine. The swine industry has undergone considerable changes since the tenth edition was published in 1998 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eleventh revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Swine builds on the previous editions published by the National Research Council. A great deal of new research has been published during the last 15 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of swine in all stages of life, this volume includes information about feed ingredients from the biofuels industry and other new ingredients, requirements for digestible phosphorus and concentrations of it in feed ingredients, a review of the effects of feed additives and feed processing, and strategies to increase nutrient retention and thus reduce fecal and urinary excretions that could contribute to environmental pollution. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Swine represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on swine nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious swine production.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Dietary Herbs on Grower-finisher Pig Performance and Meat Quality by : Sarah P. Cullen
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Herbs on Grower-finisher Pig Performance and Meat Quality written by Sarah P. Cullen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Ractopamine HCl, L-Carnitine and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Growth, Carcass Traits, Loin and Jowl Fat Quality of Finishing Pigs, and Energy and Protein Sources in Nursery Diets by : Wei Ying
Download or read book Effects of Ractopamine HCl, L-Carnitine and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Growth, Carcass Traits, Loin and Jowl Fat Quality of Finishing Pigs, and Energy and Protein Sources in Nursery Diets written by Wei Ying and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six experiments using 3,862 pigs were conducted to evaluate effects of ractopamine HCl (RAC) feeding programs, dietary L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth, carcass traits, loin and jowl fat quality of pigs, and energy and protein sources in nursery diets. In Exp. 1 and 2, RAC-fed pigs had greater (P
Book Synopsis Effects of Pelleting and Dietary Fat and Fiber Levels on Pig Growth and Fat Quality by : Jeremiah Eugene Nemechek
Download or read book Effects of Pelleting and Dietary Fat and Fiber Levels on Pig Growth and Fat Quality written by Jeremiah Eugene Nemechek and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 11 experiments, 7,325 pigs were used to determine the effects of: 1) diet type and form on finishing pig growth performance and carcass fat iodine value (IV); 2) pellet quality and feeder adjustment on pig growth performance; 3) corn particle size and diet form on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics; and 4) dietary acidification, diet complexity, and feed-grade antibiotics on nursery pig growth performance. Feeding diets with wheat middlings and dried distillers grains with solubles all the way until marketing decreased G:F and carcass yield, and worsened carcass fat IV. Withdrawing these ingredients 17 d prior to market restored carcass yield, but resulted in small improvements in IV. Pelleting diets improved growth performance; however, a novel finding is that pelleting diets fed to finishing pigs increased belly fat IV. Feeding nursery pigs from a wide feeder gap may improve ADG and ADFI, with no negative effects on G:F. For finishing pigs, reducing feeder gap reduced feed disappearance and improved G:F. In all experiments, feeding pelleted diets improved G:F, but the greatest improvements occurred when the percentage of fines was minimized. Grinding corn finer than 650 microns decreased ADFI and improved G:F for finishing pigs fed meal diets, but not for pigs fed pelleted diets. Pelleting diets improved ADG and G:F, but the greatest magnitude of G:F improvement to pellets occurred when pigs were fed diets containing the largest particle size corn. Thus, grinding corn finer than 650 microns improved feed efficiency for finishing pigs fed meal diets, but provided no additional benefit for pigs fed pelleted diets. When dietary supplementation of benzoic acid was evaluated, added benzoic acid in nursery pig diets did not influence growth performance in university conditions, whereas feeding complex diets or antimicrobials improved growth. In the commercial setting, acidifiers improved growth in one experiment but not the other. The varying response to acidifiers is likely influenced by health status, age, or starting weight of pigs.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Dietary Energy Density and Heat Stress on the Growth Performance of Finishing Pigs Administered Porcine Somatotropin by : Gary Robert Stoner
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Energy Density and Heat Stress on the Growth Performance of Finishing Pigs Administered Porcine Somatotropin written by Gary Robert Stoner and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Corn-distillers Dried Grains By-products on the Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of Pigs by : Alvaro Rojo Gomez
Download or read book Evaluation of the Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Corn-distillers Dried Grains By-products on the Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of Pigs written by Alvaro Rojo Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn byproducts high-protein died distillers grain (HP-DDG), and dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS), and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) on the growth performance and meat quality of pigs. The first study evaluated the combined effect of dietary level of DDGS and HP-DDG on the growth performance of wean-finish pigs and carcass and pork quality characteristics. This study demonstrated that DDGS can be included at up to 30% in diets (without HP-DDG) without compromising growth performance of wean-to-finish pigs. However, growth performance was increasingly compromised at higher inclusion levels of both co-products and belly firmness was negatively affected by increasing levels of both DDGS and HP-DDG. A second experiment was designed to define the minimum CP level and whether non-essential amino acids become limiting in low crude protein diets for late finishing pigs. The results of this study demonstrated that late finishing pigs can be fed diets with 9.76% crude protein level supplemented with 0.32 % L-Lys HCL and other essential amino acids without affecting growth rate and that non-essential amino acids were not limiting in the low crude protein diets evaluated. A third study was designed to recreate the negative effects on growth performance of feeding diets with 30% HP-DDG inclusion level and to test if the negative effect of feeding high HP-DDG levels on growth performance can be reproduced by adding excess branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) to standard corn-soybean meal based diet. The results show that the reduction in the growth rates of growing pigs fed diets with 30% HP-DDG inclusion levels may be due to the dietary excesses of leucine present in diets with HP-DDG at 30% inclusion levels. The same effect was not present in finishing pigs. In general, growth performance and belly quality are compromised at higher inclusion levels of both HP-DDG and DDGS. The results of the last studies indicate that leucine level may play an important role on the reduction of the growth performance of pigs fed 30% HP-DDG inclusion levels.
Book Synopsis Effects of L-carnitine on Growth Performance, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, and Whole Body Composition in Weanling Pigs by : Michael James Rincker
Download or read book Effects of L-carnitine on Growth Performance, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, and Whole Body Composition in Weanling Pigs written by Michael James Rincker and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determining the Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids, Manganese, and Xylanase on Growing-finishing Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics by : Hayden Kerkaert Kerkaert
Download or read book Determining the Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids, Manganese, and Xylanase on Growing-finishing Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics written by Hayden Kerkaert Kerkaert and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiment 1 used a total of 1,200 pigs to determine the effects of added Val, Ile, and Trp in high Leu on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics in order to validate a prediction model. Experiments 2 and 3 used a total of 3,888 pigs to determine the effects of manganese source and level on growing-finishing pigs growth performance and carcass characteristics. Experiment 4 used a total of 1,944 pigs to determine the effects of increasing added xylanase in nutrient adequate diets on growing-finishing pigs growth performance and carcass characteristics. Experiment 1 determined that increasing Val or Ile in high Lys-HCl-DDGS-based diets improved growth performance and final BW compared with pigs fed diets containing high levels of Lys-HCl without added Val and Ile. The addition of Trp alone could not overcome the negative effects of growth performance of pigs fed high Leu diets. These results demonstrate that negative effects of high Leu concentrations in corn-DDGS-based diets can be reversed by increasing the ratios of Val and Ile to Lys. In Exp. 2 and 3, growth performance was improved when 8 and 32 mg/kg of Mn is supplemented compared to 16 mg/kg and when pharmacological levels of Cu are supplemented; pigs fed Mn hydroxychloride had improved growth performance. Also, as Mn concentration in the diet increased, regardless of source, total Mn concentration in the liver increased but increased less for pigs fed Mn hydroxychloride. In Exp. 4, when xylanase was added to nutrient adequate diets, there was improved carcass yield when intermediate levels were fed, however, there was no impact on growth performance or mortality.
Book Synopsis Lipid Metabolism, Gene Expression, Substrate Oxidation, and Meat Quality of Growing-finishing Pigs Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Arginine by : Gwang-Woong Go
Download or read book Lipid Metabolism, Gene Expression, Substrate Oxidation, and Meat Quality of Growing-finishing Pigs Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Arginine written by Gwang-Woong Go and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hypothesized that supplementation of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and arginine singly or in combination would increase animal performance and meat quality by decreasing adiposity and increasing lean mass in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen pigs (80 kg) were assigned to four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design, differing in dietary fatty acid and amino acid composition [control: 2.05% alanine (isonitrogenous control) plus 1% canola oil (lipid control); CLA: 2.05% alanine + 1% CLA; arginine: 1% arginine + 1% canola oil; arginine + CLA: 1% arginine + 1 CLA]. Preliminary tests indicated that up to 2% arginine was acceptable without interfering with lysine absorption. Pigs were allowed to feed free choice until reaching 110 kg. There were no significant differences across treatments in feed intake, weight gain, or feed efficiency. CLA tended to decrease carcass length (P = 0.06), whereas backfat thickness tended to be greater in pigs supplemented with arginine (P = 0.08). Arginine decreased muscle pH at 45 min postmortem (P = 0.001) and tended to increase lightness of muscle at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.07). CLA supplementation increased the concentrations of trans-isomers of 18:1 (P = 0.001) and SFA (P = 0.01) in s.c. and r.p. adipose tissue. CLA supplementation increased palmitate incorporation into total lipids in longissimus muscle (P = 0.01). Glucose oxidation to CO2 in r.p. and s.c. adipose tissue were greater in pigs supplemented with CLA in the absence or presence of arginine (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). The volume of s.c. adipocytes in s.c. and r.p. adipose tissues was greater in pigs supplemented with CLA, arginine, or CLA plus arginine than in control pigs (P = 0.001). Neither CLA nor arginine affected the expression of PGC-1[alpha], AMPK, mTOR, CPT-1A, FAS, or SCD (P> 0.05) in any tissues. We conclude that there was no significant interaction between arginine and CLA. Supplementary CLA or arginine to finishing-growing pigs did not modulate growth performance and did not reduce adiposity. CLA increased intramuscular fat content without deteriorating meat quality traits and increased saturated fatty acids and substrate oxidation in adipose tissues. In the presence of 1% of canola oil or CLA in the diet, arginine has the potential to deteriorate meat quality by reducing early postmortem pH and by increasing carcass fatness.
Book Synopsis Effects of Low Crude Protein, Amino Acid Fortified Diets and Neutral Detergent Fiber on Finishing Pig Performance by : Jose Alfredo Soto Gonzalez
Download or read book Effects of Low Crude Protein, Amino Acid Fortified Diets and Neutral Detergent Fiber on Finishing Pig Performance written by Jose Alfredo Soto Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleven experiments using 5,434 growing-finishing pigs were performed in addition to the development of a model to predict dietary NE that yields the greatest economic benefit. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary phytogenics on growth and carcass performance of growing-finishing pigs. The addition of the combination of two phytogenics products (EOM 1+2) to diets improved ADFI, HCW, and carcass ADG. However, there was no evidence for treatment differences for growth or carcass performance in a second study. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding high SID Trp:Lys ratios with and without Ractopamine HCl (RAC) on growth and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, whereas increasing SID Trp:Lys ratio above 20% improved growth and carcass performance when diets contained RAC, pigs fed SID Trp:Lys ratios above 20% in diets without RAC had reduced growth and carcass performance. Contrary in Exp. 2, pigs fed increasing SID Trp:Lys in diet containing RAC did not provide further performance benefits. Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimum dietary SID Lys and CP concentrations in finishing pigs over 100 kg. The SID Lys requirement to obtain 100% of maximum response was 0.55 to 0.63% depending on the response variable. Growth and carcass performance was maximized in diets containing at least 12% dietary CP. Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of SBM concentration and whether dEB, choline, or K are the reasons that performance is reduced when pigs over 100 kg BW are fed low CP diets. Performance was reduced as SBM concentration was reduced in the diet. Choline, K, and dEB do not appear to be the reason that performance is reduced when SBM concentration is decreased in low CP diets fed to pigs over 100 kg BW. A Microsoft Excel®-based model to predict the value of dietary NE that yields the greatest economic return to the production system was developed. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted to incorporate the impact of NDF on carcass yield in the model.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Carbohydrate Source on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs by : Laura Katherine Camp
Download or read book The Effect of Carbohydrate Source on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs written by Laura Katherine Camp and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Dietary Fiber and Copper on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs and Utilizing Linear Programming to Determine Pig Flow by : Kyle Francis Coble
Download or read book Influence of Dietary Fiber and Copper on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs and Utilizing Linear Programming to Determine Pig Flow written by Kyle Francis Coble and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 7,061 finishing pigs were used in 7 experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of withdrawing high-fiber ingredients prior to marketing to optimize growth performance, carcass yield, and carcass fat quality. Switching pigs from a high-fiber to a low-fiber corn-soy diet approximately 15 to 19 d before slaughter restored carcass yield and partially decreased carcass fat IV compared to pigs fed the high-fiber diet until slaughter. Experiment 2 studied 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 5% added fat prior to slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Adding 5% fat to finishing pig diets containing 30% DDGS approximately 20 d before slaughter improved ADG and G:F but did not overcome the reduction in carcass yield from feeding DDGS. Experiment 3 investigated the Cu source on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Increasing dietary Cu in high byproduct diets improved growth and feed intake, resulting in increased final BW and HCW for pigs fed both Cu sources. Experiment 4 examined added Cu and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) level on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality. Feeding 150 mg/kg Cu to pigs in the 100% SID Lys requirement diet had improved growth but in the 85 or 92.5% SID Lys requirement diet no response to added Cu was found. Furthermore, increasing SID Lys increased ADG and HCW, but added Cu did not influence growth when feeding low SID Lys. Experiment 5 investigated diet ingredient type and added Cu on growth performance, carcass characteristics, gross energy digestibility, and small intestine histology and gene expression. When comparing diet type and added Cu, pigs fed a byproduct diet with DDGS and bakery meal tended to have lower G:F and reduced HCW compared to pigs fed a corn-soy diet. Adding Cu did not influence growth or carcass characteristics. However, adding Cu to the byproduct diet improved gross energy digestibility and decreased the crypt depth in the distal small intestine. Finally, a linear programming model was developed as a decision tool for commercial swine producers to help guide pig flow decisions to maximize the return to the operation.
