Ecological And Evolutionary Dynamics Of The Symbiotic Microbial Communities Of Fungus Growing Insects

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Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics of the Symbiotic Microbial Communities of Fungus-growing Insects

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (857 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics of the Symbiotic Microbial Communities of Fungus-growing Insects by :

Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics of the Symbiotic Microbial Communities of Fungus-growing Insects written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes have fundamentally shaped the evolution of metazoans on Earth by influencing the chemistry of the planet and altering the ecology of multicellular life-forms through symbioses. Herbivores present an example in which both of these influences are prominent; often, not only do symbiotic communities of microbes convert plant biomass into usable nutrients for their host, they also play a critical role in carbon cycling that influences global nutrient conditions and the climate. In this dissertation I explore symbioses between herbivores and their symbiotic microbial communities using fungus-growing insects, especially leaf-cutter ants, as a model. In Chapter 1, I review recent research into the composition and function of the fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants to establish the current breadth of knowledge into these symbiotic ecosystems. In Chapter 2, I present a metagenomic and metaproteomic characterization of leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens that explores the identity and potential symbiotic role of bacteria that reside in these environments. I show that similar bacterial communities are present in the fungus gardens of different leaf-cutter ant species, and that these microbes likely play a role in nutrient biosynthesis and the provisioning of nitrogenous compounds. In Chapter 3, I present a draft genome of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, the fungus cultivated by leaf-cutter ants, and use metaproteomic techniques to verify that this microbe produces a variety of enzymes for the degradation of plant biomass in leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens. Lastly, in Chapter 4, I use metagenomic techniques to compare the bacterial communities associated with leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens to those of other fungus-growing insects, including fungus-growing termites, Ambrosia beetles, mountain pine beetles, and southern pine beetles. Here I present evidence consistent with evolutionary convergence of these fungus-growing insects towards highly similar bacterial communities. The work presented in these chapters suggests that the fungus-bacteria communities cultivated by fungus-growing insects are simple, highly specialized, and have drastically affected the evolution of their host insect lineages. Moreover, due to the role of some fungus-growing insects as dominant herbivores and invasive pests of trees, this work underscores the importance of symbiotic microbial communities in shaping ecosystems around the planet.

Insect-Fungal Associations

Author : Fernando E. Vega
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195166523
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect-Fungal Associations by : Fernando E. Vega

Download or read book Insect-Fungal Associations written by Fernando E. Vega and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing interest in using fungi as bio control agents for insect pests in agricultural systems, and also a growing interest in the basic biology of insect-fungal associations from the perspective of parasitism, symbiosis and infection. This title covers topics in this field, incorporating new molecular techniques wherever possible.

The Social Biology of Microbial Communities

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264324
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Biology of Microbial Communities by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.

The Ecology of Secondary Microbial Symbionts

Author : Charlotte Barnet Francoeur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Secondary Microbial Symbionts by : Charlotte Barnet Francoeur

Download or read book The Ecology of Secondary Microbial Symbionts written by Charlotte Barnet Francoeur and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes influence the evolutionary trajectories of animals through symbiosis, which ranges from parasitic to mutualistic associations. Fungus-growing ants engage in multiple microbial symbioses, including an obligate mutualism with a fungus, Leucoagaricus spp., which is the ants' main food source and is cultivated into structures known as 'fungus gardens.' In addition, Escovopsis is a system-specific fungal parasite that destroys Leucoagaricus hyphae. The interactions between the ants, Leucoagaricus, and Escovopsis represent ancient co-evolving symbioses with well-described roles. However, other microbial symbioses within the system are less explored. Metagenomic studies revealed a consistent bacterial community in fungus gardens dominated by Proteobacteria, but the specific functional roles of most of these bacteria are unknown. Likewise, one metagenomic study found bacteriophage in fungus gardens, yet virus presence and dynamics are poorly described. Overall, the goal of my research is to investigate the function and diversity of the understudied secondary bacterial and viral communities present within the multipartite symbiosis of fungus-growing ants. In this dissertation, I use interdisciplinary approaches to assess the functional capacity of bacteria that associate with fungus gardens and to explore viral diversity in the fungus-growing ant system for the first time. In Chapter 2, I explore the ability of fungus garden bacteria to detoxify plant secondary compounds that are harmful to the fungal mutualist, Leucoagaricus spp. Using methods including isolation of bacterial and fungal strains, phenotypic and genomic analyses, and gas-chromatography to quantify toxin degradation, I concluded that plant secondary compound detoxification is a polymicrobial process that includes multiple fungus garden bacterial community members and the fungal mutualist. These microbial associations enable leaf-cutter ants to be the successful generalist herbivores that they are. In Chapter 3, I describe the role of fungus garden-associated bacteria in the genus Burkholderia as potential defensive symbionts that protect the ants against the parasitic fungus Escovopsis. Using selective isolations of bacteria in the family Burkholderiaceae, genomic analysis, competitive bioassays, and analytical chemistry techniques, I found that Burkholderia sp. can inhibit Escovopsis via the production of two synergistic or additive antifungals, pyrrolnitrin and burkholdine1213. In Chapter 4, I performed virus-enriched metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing of fungus-growing ants and Leucoagaricus spp. to identify viruses that associate with the system. Here, I identified 34 eukaryotic viruses that associate with either ant or fungal tissue, with certain viruses demonstrating evolutionary congruence with ant host phylogeny. Overall, my work sheds light on the secondary microbial interactions and functions within the fungus-growing ant system. Together, these studies enhance our knowledge of how fungus-growing ants associate with a diversity of microbes to succeed in the presence of biotic stressors, underscoring the importance of symbiotic microbes on the evolution and ecology of their host.

Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3

Author : Kostas Bourtzis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420064118
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3 by : Kostas Bourtzis

Download or read book Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3 written by Kostas Bourtzis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-28 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The associations between insects and microorganisms, while pervasive and of paramount ecological importance, have been relatively poorly understood. The third book in this set, Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3, complements the previous volumes in exploring this somewhat uncharted territory. Like its predecessors, Volume 3 illustrates how symbiosis resear

The Evolution and Ecology of Fungal Symbionts in Ant-associated Mutualisms

Author : Kirsten Gotting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution and Ecology of Fungal Symbionts in Ant-associated Mutualisms by : Kirsten Gotting

Download or read book The Evolution and Ecology of Fungal Symbionts in Ant-associated Mutualisms written by Kirsten Gotting and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi define and shape a multitude of organismal evolutionary trajectories. These fungi play a variety of roles in symbiosis and can have a multitude of ecologies ranging from parasites to mutualists. Many insects associate with fungi. Some insects eat fungi, and some fungi eat insects. The fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis is one example where fungal symbionts take on different roles. Fungus-growing ants are engaged in an obligate mutualism with fungi in the genus Leucoagaricus. The ants bring diverse substrates to their constructed fungal homes called 'fungus gardens' which digest these substrates. Additionally, these fungus gardens house a diverse array of bacteria, some of which have various roles in the fungus garden such as nitrogen fixation. Another symbiont is the parasite Escovopsis, which infects nearly all fungus-growing ant colonies, and can potentially completely disrupt the colony. In response to this parasite, fungus-growing ants use weeding and grooming behaviors, as well as prophylactic application of antibiotics to prevent the growth of this parasite. In this dissertation, I used a variety of computational frameworks to explore the relationships of fungi amongst mutualism, one being the fungus-growing ant microbe symbiosis. My main goal is to assess both the evolution and ecology of different fungal symbionts in the context of mutualisms.

From Spores to Spreading

Author : Barrett Williams
Publisher : Barrett Williams
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis From Spores to Spreading by : Barrett Williams

Download or read book From Spores to Spreading written by Barrett Williams and published by Barrett Williams. This book was released on 2024-08-27 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ## From Spores to Spreading How Fungi Adapt and Thrive in a Changing World Dive into the mysterious and fascinating world of fungi with *From Spores to Spreading*, an enthralling exploration of how these ancient organisms are adapting to our rapidly changing climate. **Chapter Highlights** ### Chapter 1 Introduction to Speculative Fungal Evolution Begin your journey with a broad overview of fungi and the unprecedented challenges posed by climate change. Discover the role of speculative biology in imagining the future of fungal life. ### Chapter 2 Fungal Life Cycles in a Changing Climate Explore how fungi are altering their reproductive strategies and growth patterns to survive in a warming world. ### Chapter 3 Genetic Mutations and Adaptations Uncover the types of genetic mutations that enable fungi to thrive under environmental pressures and adapt to new ecological niches. ### Chapter 4 New Ecological Niches Learn how fungi are colonizing extreme environments and forming new symbiotic relationships with plants and animals. ### Chapter 5 Mycelial Networks and Climate Interactions Dive into the complex communication and nutrient cycling within mycelial networks, and their role in carbon sequestration. ### Chapter 6 Fungi and Soil Health Understand the crucial role fungi play in soil decomposition, structure, fertility, and the impact on microbial communities. ### Chapter 7 Pathogenic Fungi in a Warmer World Investigate the implications of increased fungal virulence and the impacts on human, animal, and plant health. ### Chapter 8 Fungi in Aquatic Ecosystems Delve into the adaptations that allow fungi to thrive in freshwater and marine environments. ### Chapter 9 Chemical Warfare Fungal Toxins and Antibiotics Examine the evolution, medicinal potential, and ecological impacts of fungal toxins and antibiotics. ### Chapter 10 Fungi and Climate Feedback Loops Discover how fungi contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and absorption, and their interaction with weather patterns. ### Chapter 11 Bioremediation and Fungi Explore groundbreaking innovations in fungal bioremediation and case studies of contaminated environments. ### Chapter 12 Conservation and Management Learn about protecting fungal biodiversity, relevant policies, and restoration ecology. ### Chapter 13 Fungal Biotechnology and Sustainable Futures Discover the diverse applications of fungal biotechnology in agriculture, industry, and renewable energy. ### Chapter 14 Fungal Interactions with Urbanization Understand the role of fungi in urban ecosystems and green infrastructure, including their impact on human dwellings. ### Chapter 15 Predicting Fungal Futures Wrap up with speculative scenarios for future ecosystems and the interdisciplinary research driving our understanding of fungal adaptation. *From Spores to Spreading* is an indispensable guide for anyone interested in the dynamic and ever-evolving world of fungi. Grab your copy today and embark on a scientific adventure that charts the incredible resilience and innovation of these remarkable organisms.

Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions

Author : Darlene Southworth
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0813815940
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions by : Darlene Southworth

Download or read book Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions written by Darlene Southworth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-03 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants interact with a wide variety of organisms in their natural growing environments. Key amongst these relationships is the interplay between plants and diverse fungal species that impact plants in complex symbiotic, parasitic and pathogenic ways. Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions explores a broad spectrum of research looking at both positive and negative interactions of these relationships on plants and their ecosystems. Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions takes a more holistic view of the plant-fungal interactions than most traditional volumes on the topic. Focusing on the truly complex biological interplay among plants and fungi, as well as other organisms—mammals, insects, bacteria, viruses, this book provides a unique perspective on this fundamentally important relationship. Chapters are written from molecular, evolutionary and ecological perspectives to provide readers with a full understanding of the diverse implications of plant-fungal interactions. Written by a global team of experts from varied scientific backgrounds, Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions will be an essential title for readers looking for a better understanding of the diverse array of interactions between plants and fungi in natural ecosystems.

The Fungal Community

Author : John Dighton
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498706673
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fungal Community by : John Dighton

Download or read book The Fungal Community written by John Dighton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "...a number of chapters provide excellent summaries of the modern methods available for studying fungal ecology, along with those more traditional methods that are still extremely valuable...overall it is a hugely valuable compendium of fungal ecology research. It is a must for the library shelf." -Lynne Boddy, Cardiff University, UK, Mycological Research, 2006 "These 44 chapters are an excellent starting point for anyone interested in fungal communities, in the broadest sense of the term. It is a book for dipping into...may be the last comprehensive treatment of fungal communities before the molecular revolution." -Meriel Jones, University of Liverpool, UK, Microbiology Today "... the scope of the work is tremendous. ... Excellent chapters providing overviews of methods ... provide a snap shot of the current approaches used to understand fungal communities at several levels of organization. This book should probably be on the shelf of every student of mycology, and many ecologists too. For all students, this book should be a valuable resource and source of inspiration." -Daniel Henk, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, in Inoculum, Vol. 59, No. 3, May 2008 "Thorough taxonomic and subject indices further aid the reader in navigating through multiple authors’ treatments of subjects of interest." - Anthony Amend, Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa in Economic Botany, V. 61 In all subjects in science, new findings and the use of new technologies allow us to develop an ever-greater understanding of our world. Expanded and updated coverage in the fourth edition includes: Adds new sections on Integrating Genomics and Metagenomics into Community Analysis, Recent Advances in Fungal Endophyte Research, Fungi in the Built Environment, and Fungal Signaling and Communication Includes a broader treatment of fungal communities in natural ecosystems with in-depth coverage of fungal adaptations to stress and conservation Expands coverage of the influence of climate change on fungi and the role of fungi in organically polluted ecosystems Includes contributions from scientists from 20 nations to illustrate a true global approach for bridging gaps between ecological concepts and mycology

Coevolution of Fungi with Plants and Animals

Author : K. A. Pirozynski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Coevolution of Fungi with Plants and Animals by : K. A. Pirozynski

Download or read book Coevolution of Fungi with Plants and Animals written by K. A. Pirozynski and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this volume is to draw attention to the wide range of associations between fungi and living organisms, particularly animals and plants, where there are indications that coevolution has been a major factor in their development.

Structure and Dynamics of Fungal Populations

Author : J. Worrall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401144230
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Structure and Dynamics of Fungal Populations by : J. Worrall

Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Fungal Populations written by J. Worrall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi are among the most versatile and diverse groups of organisms in their morphology, life cycles, and ecology. This has provided endless fasci nation and intrigue to those who have studied fungi, but it has also made it difficult to understand fungal biology from the perspective of the broader fields of evolution, ecology, genetics, and population biology. That is changing. Details of fungal biology have been elucidated at an exciting pace, increasingly allowing us to understand fungi on the bases of general biological principles. Moreover, many who study fungi have lately emulated some of the great mycologists and plant pathologists of the early years in applying an insight born of broad perspective. This change has been particularly apparent in fungal population biology. In this book, many of those at the forefront of that change summarize, integrate and comment on recent developments and ideas on populations of fungi. By taking a broad perspective, they show how new information on fungi may contribute to concepts and ideas of biology as a whole. Just as important, they contribute to further invigoration of fungal population research by illuminating mycology with new ideas and concepts, derived in part from other biological fields.

Characterization of the Biogeography and Temporal Dynamics of the Trachymyrmex Septentrionalis Fungus Garden Microbiome

Author : Kevin Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of the Biogeography and Temporal Dynamics of the Trachymyrmex Septentrionalis Fungus Garden Microbiome by : Kevin Lee

Download or read book Characterization of the Biogeography and Temporal Dynamics of the Trachymyrmex Septentrionalis Fungus Garden Microbiome written by Kevin Lee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like all fungus-growing ants, Trachymyrmex septentrionalis engages in an obligate mutualism with a Basidiomycete fungus that it raises as its primary nutrition source. Therefore, the success of the symbiosis is dependent upon the health of the fungus garden containing this fungus, which may be affected by the composition of its microbiome. Most of what is known about fungus garden microbiomes comes from studies of the Neotropical fungus growing ants, especially the most evolutionarily derived and economically impactful "leaf-cutting" species. Although fungus-farming ants inhabit a vast range, little is known about how dispersal of microbes from their biogeographically and temporally distinct habitats affect the composition and function of fungus garden microbiomes, which ultimately may affect symbiotic fitness. Therefore, this dissertation will infer the effects of dispersal from environmental microbiomes on the composition of the Trachymyrmex septentrionalis fungus garden microbiome across these ants' geographic range and active seasons, and test the potential consequences of these dispersal events on symbiotic fitness. The extensive fieldwork required to conduct these types of studies inevitably creates delays between sample collection and processing. Therefore, a robust sample preservation strategy is needed to maintain the composition of the microbial community during these delays. This work validates a preservative buffer that is non-hazardous, cost-effective, and preserved microbial composition with high fidelity, making it broadly applicable for microbial community ecology studies. To investigate the effects of environmental dispersal on T. septentrionalis fungus garden microbiomes across their geographic range, we analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequence data from > 100 colonies that we collected from six states, and 90 metagenomes from five of those states. We found that fungus garden microbiome composition and its encoded functional genes both exhibited biogeographic signatures. Microbiome composition was also distinct from the composition of the soil microbiomes that were collected adjacent to the nest chambers from the same ant colonies. Additionally, T. septentrionalis fungus garden microbiomes had a minimally conserved and low-abundance core microbial community. Together, these results suggest that the biogeographic signature that we detected is due to the microbes present on ant forage, which is determined by local ecological conditions, and that these bacteria may not have specific relationships with their ant hosts. Because environmental microbiome composition may also vary seasonally, we analyzed the 16S rRNA sequences of T. septentrionalis fungus gardens from two independent populations during each month of the ants' active season. We found that fungus garden microbiome composition varied in a site-specific manner, and that alpha-diversity decreased as seasons changed. In a separate experiment, we found that a single microbial dispersal event did not change fungus garden fitness over a short time span. These results demonstrated that T. septentrionalis fungus garden microbiomes change seasonally, these temporal compositional changes are related to geography, and that dispersal of environmental microbiomes may not affect host fitness. Most multicellular organisms host distinct microbial communities, or microbiomes, at sites in and on their bodies. The composition of these host-associated microbiomes has been linked to both beneficial and detrimental consequences for the host, and much research has been dedicated to understanding how host-mediated selection shapes their microbiome. However, the contributions to microbiome composition and potential fitness consequences of dispersal from environmental microbiomes into a host-associated microbiome remain less well understood. Here we show that the dispersal of environmental microbes into the T. septentrionalis fungus garden microbiome dramatically affects its composition both spatially and temporally, although this may not affect symbiotic fitness. Future studies using other fungus-growing ant species may benefit from considering the impact of environmental microbes on fungus garden microbiomes. More broadly, this work demonstrates that dispersal from environmental microbiomes should be considered as part of research into host-associated microbiome composition and function, and its effects on host fitness.

Unbelievable but True

Author : Robert Wyngaert
Publisher : Amanda Lynn Petrin
ISBN 13 : 1989950345
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Unbelievable but True by : Robert Wyngaert

Download or read book Unbelievable but True written by Robert Wyngaert and published by Amanda Lynn Petrin. This book was released on 2021-06-07 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert Wyngaert is the fourth of five children, born and raised as a Belgian immigrant on the South Shore of Montreal. At nine years old, he is kicked out of school and forced to make his way in the world through working odd jobs and eventually building up a career. The day before his 1958 wedding, the stable, well-paying job he has worked his way up to lays him off, leaving him back at square one. Unbelievable but True is Robert’s story, from his humble beginnings to his constant drive for financial security and to find meaning in his life. From working three jobs at once to support his wife and three children, to building apartment buildings, a restaurant, and a campground, this book shares his achievements, and his struggles, on his way to happiness and success.

Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 008102987X
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis by :

Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects engage in intimate associations with microbial symbionts that colonize their digestive systems or internal cells and tissues. The stability and near ubiquity of many of these "symbioses" implies their importance, a prediction supported through experimentation. With the advancing power of experimental methodologies and the growing accessibility of genomic techniques, insect science has reached a powerful new stage enabling the study of previously recalcitrant symbioses, including several with medical and agricultural significance. In this volume we publish a collection of chapters focused on the physiology of insect-microbe symbioses, emphasizing their mechanistic underpinnings, and the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of these interactions. Resident microbes modulate insect digestion, nutrition, detoxification, reproduction, interspecies signaling, and host-parasite interactions, and these chapters synthesize impactful, state-of-the art research on insect-microbe symbioses. Through discussions of the mechanisms that both stabilize and regulate these symbioses, these chapters yield further insight into the physiological integration between many insects and their influential microbial partners. A broad look at the wide range of symbiont roles and impacts throughout Insecta Molecular and genomic-assisted insights into the diversity and function of symbioses Insights into the influence and integration of symbionts from medically and agriculturally important insects

Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications

Author : Jean-Claude Bertrand
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 940179118X
Total Pages : 933 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications by : Jean-Claude Bertrand

Download or read book Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications written by Jean-Claude Bertrand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a treatise on microbial ecology that covers traditional and cutting-edge issues in the ecology of microbes in the biosphere. It emphasizes on study tools, microbial taxonomy and the fundamentals of microbial activities and interactions within their communities and environment as well as on the related food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. The work exceeds the traditional domain of microbial ecology by revisiting the evolution of cellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes and stressing the general principles of ecology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology.

Social Evolution in Ants

Author : Andrew F.G. Bourke
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691044260
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Evolution in Ants by : Andrew F.G. Bourke

Download or read book Social Evolution in Ants written by Andrew F.G. Bourke and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1995-11-05 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biologists have long been intrigued and confounded by the complex issues in the evolution and ecology of the social behaviour of insects. The self-sacrifice of sterile workers in ant colonies has been particularly difficult for evolutionary biologists to explain. This text presents an overview of the current state of scientific knowledge about social evolution in ants and shows how studies on ants have contributed to an understanding of many fundamental topics in behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology.

Community Ecology of Bacteria Associated with the Digestive Structures of Insects, Ectomycorrhizal Plants, and Fungi

Author : Nhu Huynh Nguyen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (919 download)

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Book Synopsis Community Ecology of Bacteria Associated with the Digestive Structures of Insects, Ectomycorrhizal Plants, and Fungi by : Nhu Huynh Nguyen

Download or read book Community Ecology of Bacteria Associated with the Digestive Structures of Insects, Ectomycorrhizal Plants, and Fungi written by Nhu Huynh Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores symbiotic microbial community ecology. Symbiosis is a prominent, and yet relatively under-studied phenomenon between two or more organisms. The scope of symbiosis is wide ranging, occurring between macro-macro organisms, micro-micro organisms, macro-micro organisms and everything in between. The span of symbiosis is great, from parasitic to mutually beneficial relationships between the organisms involved. The three chapters presented here comprise an initial look into symbiotic ecosystems using cutting edge sequencing technology. The studies aimed to discover interactions between bacterial microbes and their eukaryotic partners. Chapter 1 describes the microbes that live in the gut of the passalid beetle, Odontotaenius disjuctus. This beetle feeds only on wood, which is low in nutrients, particularly nitrogen. Parallel to the termite-microbe system, I hypothesized that these microbes assist the beetles in digestion of the wood. PhyloChip microarray technology was used to characterize the microbial communities. I found that each gut region (there are 4) of the beetle contained a different microbial community, and that the anterior hindgut of the beetle contained strong anaerobic signals whereas other parts of the gut were more aerobic. The microbes that live in each of these gut regions reflect the oxygen availability of that environment. There was also a signal of potential nitrogen fixation in the anaerobic anterior hindgut. In chapter 2 and 3, I explored fungal-bacterial interactions. Fungal-bacterial interactions have been sparsely characterized, appearing sporadically in the literature. Some studies describe bacteria found on the outside of the fungal hyphae, other times on the inside. One remarkable study found that a pathogenic fungus was not pathogenic without its toxin-producing endosymbiont. Other studies focused on the interaction between leaf-cutting ants, fungi, and bacteria associates. Of the estimated 1.5 million species of fungi, this interaction must be tremendously widespread and waiting to be characterized. In chapter 2, I explored the microbial communities that live with various ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi exchange mineral nutrients with plants for photosynthetic carbon. The experiments were designed to test for species and/or community specificity of bacteria to their fungal hosts. Several studies have aimed to answer similar questions, but the difference between the experiments presented in this chapter and others is that this involved temporal component, many more samples, and 454 sequencing that produced many orders of magnitude more sequences. The results showed that fungal species strongly determines the bacterial community. Burkholderia and members of the Rhizobiales were the most commonly encountered bacteria. Some of these have been found by other researchers, indicating a tight relationship between them. And finally, in chapter three, I explored the interactions between saprobic fungi that form fungal mats in the soil and the bacteria that live with them. I tested for differences in bacterial community between fungal mat and non-mat leaf litter, whether fungal species has an influence on the bacterial community, and whether any distinct taxonomic group of bacteria were associated with the fungi. 454 pyrosequencing technology was employed for this purpose. The results showed that there is a strong difference in bacterial community composition between mat and non-mat litter. The Actinobacteria, particularly a Pseudonocardia species, showed strong preference for fungal mats. Pseudonocardia species are known for their antibiotic production and have been reported growing with other organisms, the most famous being the interactions between leaf-cutting ants, fungi, and Pseudonocardia. Together, these three chapters provide different windows in which to peer into the world of microbial symbiosis, particularly those of bacteria with animal, plants, and fungi. It can be concluded that different symbiotic environments will select for different communities of bacteria, such as different gut sections and the presence of different species of fungi. When high throughput sequences of these environments are examined carefully, they can reveal clues into the important organisms that persist and participate in the ecology of said environments, priming for more extensive studies in symbiosis.