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Distributional Impact Of The Rice Tariffication Policy In The Philippines
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Book Synopsis Distributional impact of the rice tariffication policy in the Philippines by : Balié, Jean
Download or read book Distributional impact of the rice tariffication policy in the Philippines written by Balié, Jean and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 2019, the government of the Philippines promulgated a bill called the Rice Tariffication Law (RTL). It has dramatically changed the policy landscape in the rice sector and generated heated debates on how it would affect food security and poverty. This study explores the welfare effects of this reform across different types of households. We rely on the IRRI Global Rice Model to simulate the domestic price effects of the reform (Balié and Valera, 2020) and the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) to study the welfare impact of these price changes. Our results show that the RTL reduces consumer and producer rice prices, which affects households on the production and the consumption sides. Because a large majority of households are net buyers of rice and the policy reform reduces rice prices, most households benefit from the reform. Overall, the effects of the reform on poverty are beneficial. The poorest quintiles are positively affected, while the richest quintiles are unaffected or slightly worse-off. Spatially, the poorest regions also benefit the most. However, the rice growers who are net sellers are negatively impacted. The government should seek to mitigate the negative effects on non-competitive rice growers. Investments in public goods and services are a promising option to ease the emergence of on-farm and off-farm businesses as more profitable alternatives to rice production.
Book Synopsis Distributional Impact of the Rice Tariffication Policy in the Philippines by : Jean Balié
Download or read book Distributional Impact of the Rice Tariffication Policy in the Philippines written by Jean Balié and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Did the Opening Up of Rice Importation in the Philippines Worsen Income Poverty and Inequality? by : Roehlano M. Briones
Download or read book Did the Opening Up of Rice Importation in the Philippines Worsen Income Poverty and Inequality? written by Roehlano M. Briones and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tariffication of quantitative restrictions on rice imports was a key policy reform of the Duterte administration. This study reviews recent trends in the rice market, and assesses the poverty and distributional effects of rice tariffication using a computable general equilibrium model with microsimulation. Owing to the price difference between domestic prices in Philippines and exporting countries, imports of rice have surged under tariffication. As a result, domestic prices have fallen, though gross marketing margins have increased, amplifying the effect of the drop in retail prices on both wholesale prices and palay prices. The price and associated economic adjustments are expected to cause an increase in income poverty as conventionally measured. However, the increases are rather small, and would diminish over time. The value of the income loss suffered by the poor is far below what the amount provided by law to address problems in the rice economy with tariffication.
Book Synopsis The Economic Effects and Food Security Impact of Philippine Rice Market Interventions by : Marc Jim Mariano
Download or read book The Economic Effects and Food Security Impact of Philippine Rice Market Interventions written by Marc Jim Mariano and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Philippines has been a net rice importer since the 1990s. Against a background of rapid population growth and a high dependence by the country's rural poor on paddy production, recent price volatility in global rice markets has made food security a significant policy issue in the country. The main focus of the government's food security agenda is the rice market, with self-sufficiency and price stabilisation being key goals. The centrality of rice in the government's food security policy is understandable given the commodity's dietary and economic importance. This thesis concerns the analysis of food security interventions in the Philippines. More specifically, I carried out policy simulations that investigate the impact - both for the broader economy, household welfare, and for indices of food security - of the following scenarios: (1) the removal of rice market price subsidies, (2) the removal of rice tariff import restriction, and (3) an external rice price shock to the domestic economy. To undertake the policy simulations, I developed a large-scale dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Philippine economy. This Philippine economic model is distinct from other CGE models for the Philippines because of the following modelling extensions: (1) a detailed treatment of agricultural land supply-use process, tracking the transition through time of agricultural land between competing land uses; (2) a three-stage demand structure of household food consumption, to better model inter-food substitution possibilities, particularly as they relate to food staples, so as to properly elucidate food security consequences of policy reform; (3) modelling of surplus agricultural labour, and the mechanism governing rural-urban migration, to better model the full economic benefits of agricultural policy reform; (4) multi-household top-down income-expenditure extension of the CGE model, in order to understand the distributional consequences of policies that affect relative food prices; and (5) modelling of a number of food security indices, in order to track the year-on-year policy-induced changes in national and household food security. For the price subsidy simulations, I investigated the effects of three policies: (1) the paddy 'price floor' which provides a subsidy on the sales of paddy, (2) the rice 'price ceiling' which provides a subsidy on the consumption of rice, and (3) a price subsidy on intermediate seed inputs used by paddy farmers. These government interventions are aimed at enhancing the incomes of small farmers through price support (in the form of the paddy price ceiling and input subsidy policies) while simultaneously lowering the price of rice to consumers (via the rice price floor policy). However, these programs have been criticised within the Philippines on the grounds of allocative inefficiency, poor targeting, and high public budgetary cost. Simulation results indicate that, as an exercise in demonstrating policy concern for the incomes of farmers and the food security needs of households, the three policies would appear to have a modest budgetary cost, while improving several measures of food security. The allocative efficiency gains available from ending the programs are small, and may be outweighed by the potential for adverse short-run macroeconomic consequences. Like the price subsidy interventions in the rice market, another favourite subject of public debate in the Philippines is whether or not the government should liberalise the domestic rice market. At present, rice remains as the most protected traded commodities in the Philippines, with a tariff rate ranging from 40 to 50 per cent. For my second simulation, I examine the national economic consequences and food security implications of permanently removing the tariff trade barrier in the domestic rice market. Macro results show that the removal of rice tariff enhances the country's real GDP, and household's real consumption particularly urban non-farming households. Removing the rice tariff import restriction also generates allocative efficiency gains. The economy becomes more efficient because: (i) workers are shifted from the agriculture sector, where returns to labour are relatively low, into the manufacturing sector, where returns to labour are relatively high, and (ii) land moves out from low-rent paddy agriculture into higher value uses in non-paddy agriculture. In terms of food security impacts, the removal of the tariff on rice imports generates a deterioration in two of the four food security indexes in the model. The results of the first two simulations support the argument that removing the existing rice tariff import restriction and price subsidy programs of the government generates allocative efficiency gains to the domestic economy. Despite the economic benefits of program removal, the government justifies these programs on the grounds that they insulate the domestic economy from unexpected price spikes in the international rice market. An interesting matter for policy evaluation therefore is to quantify the insulation benefit that the government rice interventions provide in such circumstances. To examine this question, I carried out a third simulation in which the Philippines is subject to an external rice price shock. I run this scenario against two alternative baselines: one in which the existing rice import tariff and price subsidy interventions are in place (the "with support" case), and one in which they have been removed (the "without support" case). Results indicate that, relative to the "without support" case, the economy is more insulated from the rice price spike under the "with support" case, reducing the real consumption loss from a 2008-like event by approximately 0.10 per cent. However the cost of insuring against these price spikes is significant. The estimated annual allocative efficiency cost of implementing the rice market interventions is approximately 0.40 per cent of real consumption. This thesis makes two broad contributions in the current literature. One relates to the methodological contribution, and the other relates to the policy simulations. The methodological contribution is the modelling extensions incorporated in the PhAGE model, which made it possible to evaluate the full effects of food security interventions. The policy contribution is an in-depth analysis of simulation results that identifies policy implications for the removal of existing price subsidies and import tariff in the Philippine rice market, and provides policy insights on the extent to which the government rice market support mechanisms insulate the domestic economy from external rice price shocks.
Download or read book The Rice Crisis written by David Dawe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent escalation of world food prices – particularly for cereals - prompted mass public indignation and demonstrations in many countries, from the price of tortilla flour in Mexico to that of rice in the Philippines and pasta in Italy. The crisis has important implications for future government trade and food security policies, as countries re-evaluate their reliance on potentially more volatile world markets to augment domestic supplies of staple foods. This book examines how government policies caused and responded to soaring world prices in the particular case of rice, which is the world's most important source of calories for the poor. Comparable case studies of policy reactions in different countries, principally across Asia, but also including the USA, provide the understanding necessary to evaluate the impact of trade policy on the food security of poor farmers and consumers. They also provide important insights into the concerns of developing countries that are relevant for future international trade negotiations in key agricultural commodities. As a result, more appropriate policies can be put in place to ensure more stable food supplies in the future. Published with the Food and Agriculture (FAO) Organization of the United Nations
Book Synopsis Why Does the Philippines Import Rice? by : David Charles Dawe
Download or read book Why Does the Philippines Import Rice? written by David Charles Dawe and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some little-know facts about rice in the Philippines; Rice trade liberalization, poverty, and food security; Improving productivity in the rice sector: solutions for farmers; Potential for crop diversification.
Book Synopsis Philippine Agricultural and Food Policies by : Caesar Bucia Cororaton
Download or read book Philippine Agricultural and Food Policies written by Caesar Bucia Cororaton and published by International Food Policy Research Insitute. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite progress in recent years, poverty incidence remains very high in the Philippines, and poor households are highly vulnerable to the recent dramatic increases in food prices. In response to this problem, this research report investigates how Philippine policymakers can lower prices and reduce poverty. Using a dynamic-recursive computable general equilibrium model calibrated to a social accounting matrix of the Philippine economy, as well as other tools, the report simulates the effects of trade reform and increased rice productivity. The results indicate that diminished protection for major food items and investments in greater inbred-rice productivity have the potential to reduce prices and poverty in the Philippines. This report will be a valuable resource for policymakers,development specialists, and others trying to cope with the challenges of rising food prices.
Book Synopsis The Rice Economy of Asia by : Randolph Barker
Download or read book The Rice Economy of Asia written by Randolph Barker and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1985 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to present a comprehensive picture of the role of rice in the food and agricultural sectors of Asian nations.
Book Synopsis Shock Waves by : Stephane Hallegatte
Download or read book Shock Waves written by Stephane Hallegatte and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.
Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis by : Marc Bacchetta
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Author : CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :81 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Annual report 2021: CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) by : CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
Download or read book Annual report 2021: CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) written by CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-05-24 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PIM had a productive final year centered on synthesizing findings while continuing to respond to demand on the impacts of COVID-19 and preparing the transition to the new CGIAR portfolio. PIM findings and engagement contributed to Myanmar’s response to COVID-19, South Africa’s policies on resilience to climate change, Tunisia's policies for pastoral development, a reform of Nigeria’s national agricultural research system, Ghana’s fish seed and farm certification system, gender strategies for three agricultural value chains in Honduras, and genome editing guidelines for the agricultural sector in four African countries. PIM research informed policy documents of FAO, IFAD, One CGIAR, the UK Government, the World Bank and the World Food Programme. PIM tools enabled more equitable co-management of 76 protected areas in Peru and informed World Bank social protection projects. Books on food security in Bangladesh and Malawi, trade in Latin America, African agricultural value chains and gender were published. 42 PIM synthesis briefs and notes were issued, summarizing research results in key thematic areas. PIM contributed 181 journal articles, 8 journal issues (on demand driven seed systems, China’s response to COVID-19, agriculture and food security in China under COVID-19, food loss and waste, landscape restoration, multistakeholder fora in forestry and two issues on gender), 15 book chapters and about 500 non-peer-reviewed outputs. 16 PIM webinars were organized. PIM’s contributions to the United Nations Food Systems Summit covered agricultural extension, food system innovations and digital technologies, the future of small farms, the science-policy interface, the cost of ending hunger by 2030, food waste and loss, management of the commons and gender. Building on past PIM investments in economywide modeling tools and social accounting matrices, PIM teams continued to assess the impacts of COVID-19 and policy responses at country level. Lessons learned from PIM country-level analyses on COVID-19’s impacts on food systems, poverty and diets are summarized in a chapter of the IFPRI 2022 book “COVID19 and global food security: Two years later”. A paper in partnership with the CGIAR COVID19 Hub reviewed the literature on agri-food value chains for evidence of fractures and resilience in response to the pandemic. The results of coordinated studies on the impacts of COVID-19 on value chains in different countries were published. Several cross-CGIAR outputs initiated by PIM speak to the fulfillment of PIM’s convening role as an integrating program: the CGIAR Foresight Report and CGIAR foresight website; several outputs produced through the CGIAR Community of Excellence on Seed Systems Development, and the CGIAR book “Advancing gender equality through agricultural and environmental research: Past, present, and future” are examples. Other examples of PIM global public goods produced in 2021 are 27 innovations at various stages of uptake, a cross-cutting effort to distill PIM lessons on migration; new or updated social accounting matrices for 25 countries; and lessons and tools on stakeholder platforms for natural resource governance. Independent reviews assessed the effectiveness of PIM’s partnerships and the use by partners of PIM’s work on economywide modelling, agricultural insurance, tenure and governance, and the Ag-Incentives database.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Rice Policy for Asia by :
Download or read book Handbook on Rice Policy for Asia written by and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 2012 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Household Models by : Inderjit Singh
Download or read book Agricultural Household Models written by Inderjit Singh and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basic model of an agricultural household that underlies most of the case studies undertaken so far. The model assumes that households are price-takers and is therefore recursive. The decisions modeled include those affecting production and the demand for inputs and those affecting consumption and the supply of labor. Comparative results on selected elasticities are presented for a number of economies. The empirical significance of the approach is demonstrated in a comparison of models that treat production and consumption decisions separately and those in which the decisionmaking process is recursive. The book summarizes the implications of agricultural pricing policy for the welfare of farm households, marketed surplus, the demand for nonagricultural goods and services, the rural labor market, budget revenues, and foreign exchange earnings. In addition, it is shown that the basic model can be extended in order to explore the effects of government policy on crop composition, nutritional status, health, saving, and investment and to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the effects on budget revenues and foreign exchange earnings. Methodological topics, primarily the data requirements of the basic model and its extensions, along with aggregation, market interaction, uncertainty, and market imperfections are discussed. The most important methodological issues - the question of the recursive property of these models - is also discussed.
Book Synopsis The Future of Philippine Agriculture under a Changing Climate by : Mark W. Rosegrant
Download or read book The Future of Philippine Agriculture under a Changing Climate written by Mark W. Rosegrant and published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Philippine economy has grown rapidly since 2010, but despite this growth, poverty and inequality remain high. Two-thirds of the poor live in rural areas, and the weak performance of the agriculture sector has contributed to the slow improvement in livelihoods. The challenge for agriculture will further increase, with climate change posing a growing threat to the sector. But agricultural transformation to spur sustained growth and reduce poverty is still possible under climate change with aggressive institutional reforms and implementation of the right mix of policies and programmes. The identification of the suitable policy and programme combination requires an accurate assessment of the key drivers of agricultural growth and food security; the impacts of climate change on agriculture and the overall economy; and the effectiveness of policies for adaptation and growth. This book addresses these big issues, focusing on enhancing the adaptation capacity of the Philippine agriculture sector. It is designed to provide a much-needed base of knowledge and menu of policy options to support decision- and policymaking on agriculture, climate change, and food security. The volume uses newly generated data, modelling outputs, and innovative analyses to provide a scientific basis for a variety of adaptation measures under different sets of climate change scenarios to guide decision-makers in strategic planning and policy formulation. “As we have actually experienced in Leyte, an island province in the Visayas where Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) struck, disasters caused by natural hazards could completely negate economic gains, devastate families and shatter dreams. Our greatest challenge is to make ourselves better prepared for and be more resilient to such disasters. Natural hazards need not always lead to loss of so many lives and properties. This book shows us ways and provides tools to draw up climate change and socioeconomic scenarios at the regional and provincial levels, allowing us to identify strategies for mitigating climate change risks.” — Ernesto M. Pernia, Secretary of Socioeconomic Planning, National Economic and Development Authority, Philippines “This book by top Philippine researchers combines state-of-the-art biophysical and economic modeling of climate impacts and adaptation policies with in-depth synthesis of agriculture, natural resources, climate trends, and policies. It provides a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture and the broader economy to provide important insights for Philippine policymakers.” — Dr Cynthia Rosenzweig, Head, Climate Impacts Group, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Co-Founder of the Agricultural Model Inter-comparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP)
Book Synopsis Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms by : Aline Coudouel
Download or read book Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms written by Aline Coudouel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) is an approach used increasingly by governments, civil society organizations, the World Bank, and other development partners to examine the distributional impacts of policy reforms on the well-being of different stakeholders groups, particularly the poor and vulnerable. PSIA has an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing countries because it promotes evidence-based policy choices and fosters debate on policy reform options. 'Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms' presents a collection of case studies that illustrate the spectrum of sectors and policy reforms to which PSIA can be applied; it also elaborates on the broad range of analytical tools and techniques that can be used for PSIA. The case studies provide examples of the impact that PSIA can have on the design of policy reforms and draw operational lessons for PSIA implementation. The case studies deal largely with policy reforms in a single sector, such as agriculture (crop marketing boards in Malawi and Tanzania and cotton privatization in Tajikistan); energy (mining sector in Romania and oil subsidies in Ghana); utilities (power sector reform in Ghana, Rwanda, and transition economies, and water sector reform in Albania); social sectors (education reform in Mozambique and social welfare reform in Sri Lanka); taxation reform (Nicaragua); as well as macroeconomic modeling (Burkina Faso).
Book Synopsis Agricultural Input Subsidies by : Ephraim Chirwa
Download or read book Agricultural Input Subsidies written by Ephraim Chirwa and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes forward our understanding of agricultural input subsidies in low income countries.
Book Synopsis Asian Rice Bowls by : Prabhu L. Pingali
Download or read book Asian Rice Bowls written by Prabhu L. Pingali and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1997 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: the state of rice in post-green-revolution Asia; Rice productivity growth: the case against complacency; Sustaining farm profits through technical change; Intensification-induced degradation of the paddy resource base; Erosion, pollution and poison: externalities and rice; Asian rice market: demand and supply prospects; GATT and rice: impact on the rice market and implications for research priorities; Agricultural commercialization and farmer product choices: the case of diversification out of rice; Strategic look at factor markets and the organization of agricultural production beyond 2025; Post-green-revolution seed technology for intensive rice systems; Fertilizers and pesticides: higher levels versus improved efficiencies; Dealing with labor scarcity: mechanical technologies.
