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Differentiation Of Hatchery And Stream Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch From Washington And Oregon By The Use Of Scales And Otoliths
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Book Synopsis Differentiation of Hatchery and Stream Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) from Washington and Oregon by the Use of Scales and Otoliths by : Thomas Hughes Peck
Download or read book Differentiation of Hatchery and Stream Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) from Washington and Oregon by the Use of Scales and Otoliths written by Thomas Hughes Peck and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fishery Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis North American Journal of Fisheries Management by :
Download or read book North American Journal of Fisheries Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research in Fisheries by : University of Washington. College of Fisheries
Download or read book Research in Fisheries written by University of Washington. College of Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phenotypic Comparison of Hatchery and Wild Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Oregon, Washington, and California by : Randy Carl Hjort
Download or read book Phenotypic Comparison of Hatchery and Wild Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Oregon, Washington, and California written by Randy Carl Hjort and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenotypic similarities of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks from Oregon, Washington, and California were compared using agglomerative and divisive cluster analyses. The phenotypic characters evaluated included the following: 1) the isozyme gene frequencies of transferrin and phosphoglucose isomerase; 2) the life history characters time of peak spawning and proportion of females in the population; and 3) the morphological characters scales in the lateral series, scales above the lateral line, anal rays, gill rakers, branchiostegal rays and vertebrae. Coho salmon stocks from similar environments were phenotypically similar. The groups of stocks found to be similar by the agglomerative cluster analysis were: 1) wild stocks from the northern Oregon coast; 2) wild stocks from the southern Oregon coast; 3) stocks from hatcheries using wild coho salmon for an egg source; 4) stocks from large stream systems; and 5) hatchery stocks from the northern Oregon coast. There were three trends involved with the clustering patterns: 1) stocks that are geographically close tend to be phenotypically similar; 2) stocks from large stream systems were more similar to each other than to stocks from smaller stream systems, independent of geographic nearness; and 3) hatchery stocks were more similar to each other than to wild stocks, even those in their respective stream systems, and wild stocks were more similar to each other than to hatchery stocks, even those in their respective stream systems. These trends may be useful to fishery managers for selecting donor stocks from hatcheries for transplanting to stream systems or other hatcheries. Individual phenotypic characters were correlated with characters of the stream systems. Two agglomerative cluster analyses of the characters of the stocks and the characters of the stream system were used to determine whether stream types corresponded to phenotype- types. The clustering patterns of phenotypic characters of the stocks were not similar to the clustering found for characteristics of the stream systems from which the stocks came.
Book Synopsis Scale Patterns Indicate Changes in Use of Rearing Habitat by Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, from 1955 to 1984 in the Tenmile Lakes, Oregon by : Hugrún Gunnarsdóttir
Download or read book Scale Patterns Indicate Changes in Use of Rearing Habitat by Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, from 1955 to 1984 in the Tenmile Lakes, Oregon written by Hugrún Gunnarsdóttir and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was designed to provide information about the juvenile life history of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in the Tenmile Lakes in Oregon by 1) classifying scales of spawning fish and outgoing smolts (1+), 2) assessing the contribution of juvenile life history types to the returns of adults (32) and jacks (22), and 3) comparing growth rates and survival of different types. Scales of outmigrating smolts from one brood year, jacks from two brood years, and scales of adults from four brood years were classified into juvenile life histories and examined for several scale characters. A linear discriminant function analysis was used to show the separation of the types and to determine the most distinguishing scale characters. Length of smolts at ocean entry back-calculated from scales of jacks and adults was compared with the length of the observed group of emigrating smolts. Based on variation in numbers and spacing of circuli and the size of the freshwater scale zone, believed to represent different residence time in the tributaries and the lakes, four types of juvenile life histories were defined. Fish classified as type 1, stream-reared, are believed to have reared in the tributaries until migrating as smolts in the following year. Type 2, stream-lake-reared, fish are thought to have reared in the tributaries for almost a year but then moved down to the lakes, where rearing continued until smolt migration in spring. Type 3, stream-lake- reared, are believed to have reared for a short time in the tributaries, then moved down to the lakes sometime in their first year of life. Rearing continued in the lakes until spring of the following year. Type 4, lake-reared, are thought to have moved down to the lakes shortly after emergence from the gravel, where they reared until migrating as smolts in the following spring. Scales of smolts, jacks, and adults were sorted into these four types. Presently, coho salmon fry and yearlings appear to be moving out of tributaries in late spring and from March to beginning of May, respectively. Migration of smolts out of the lake system to the ocean occurs mostly within the month of May. Recent habitat surveys show that dramatic seasonal changes occur in use of rearing habitat by juvenile coho salmon in the Tenmile Lakes tributaries from summer to winter. In winter juveniles appear to be using more low gradient, low velocity, off-channel areas than in summer. Fish of type 4 represented 90%, 43%, and 74% of the returns of adults in 1957- 58, 1963-64, and 1971-72, respectively, and 90% of the returns of jacks in 1962-63 and 1970-71. However, no type 4 fish was represented in the returns of adults in 1985-86, whereas type 1 fish represented 89% of the returns. Type 4 appeared to have grown better in fresh water, reached a larger size at outmigration, and have a greater relative survival than fish of type 2, when compared among the observed group of smolts, returning jacks, and adults. The large proportion of the escapement returning as jacks for some of the years may indicate good growing condition for juvenile coho salmon in fresh water. According to the classification of jack scales a large proportion of fish returning as jacks were lake-reared and were found to be larger at migration to ocean than fish returning as adults. This may suggest that fish that reared well in the lakes and reached a large size at outmigration had the tendency to mature early and return as jacks. Based on the analysis of scales, lake-reared juvenile coho salmon formerly contributed well to adult returns. The former high returns of jacks and adults reflect the importance of the lake habitat for the coho salmon populations of this system. In order to enhance this stock to a higher level, management strategies should be focused on making the lake habitat available to juvenile coho salmon for at least some part of their freshwater life.
Book Synopsis Genetic Variability in Hatchery and Wild Populations of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Oregon by : Paul Gordon Olin
Download or read book Genetic Variability in Hatchery and Wild Populations of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Oregon written by Paul Gordon Olin and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon in Natural and Created Estuarine Habitats by : J. A. Miller
Download or read book Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon in Natural and Created Estuarine Habitats written by J. A. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Logging on Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon by : Paul M. Iwanaga
Download or read book Effects of Logging on Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon written by Paul M. Iwanaga and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Foods and Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch (Walbaum), and Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha (Walbaum) in Certain Oregon Streams by : Raymond Nowlin Breuser
Download or read book Foods and Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch (Walbaum), and Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha (Walbaum) in Certain Oregon Streams written by Raymond Nowlin Breuser and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Racial Identification of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and Juvenile Steelhead Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : James T. Martin
Download or read book Racial Identification of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and Juvenile Steelhead Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by James T. Martin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to manage stocks of salmonids in Pacific Northwest stream systems are complicated by the occurrence of several runs of a species thought to represent races rearing sympatrically as juveniles. In order to collect the population statistics needed to properly manage these stocks, managers need a method of identifying juvenile salmonids by race. In an effort to determine if taxonomic or morphological differences exist between these races, wild juvenile summer and winter steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) and wild juvenile spring and fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Rogue River (Oregon) were studied. The goal of the study was to determine if differences in taxonomic characters would allow racial identification of individual fish with 90% accuracy. The wild juvenile summer steelhead trout had significantly fewer vertebrae and larger nuclei, greater average intracircular spacing, and a larger length at first annulus formation of scales than winter steelhead trout. No differences between juvenile summer and winter steelhead trout were found in otolith nuclear diameter, total lipids or fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue. Wild juvenile spring chinook salmon exhibited significantly lower vertebral counts, larger otolith nuclear diameter, greater average intracircular spacing, larger scale nuclei, and a larger first and second band of five intracircular spaces than juvenile fall chinook salmon. Mesentary fat deposition was highly variable between fish from the same streams and was not useful in separating juveniles by race. Although significant differences between races were found for both species, none of these differences were sufficient to allow the racial identification of individual fish with 90% accuracy. It is not known if the differences found were caused by genetic or environmental effects or both. One experiment showed that summer and winter steelhead showed no difference in vertebrae or otolith dimensions when incubated under the same conditions, suggesting that differences found in wild steelhead trout were caused by environmental effects. The lack of distinct phenotypic differences between individual fish of different races may be caused by extensive interbreeding between races of salmonids in the Rogue Basin due to large environmental variability during the spawning season for chinook salmon and steelhead trout. It is also possible that environmental variation in the early life history masked genetic differences between the races.
Book Synopsis Potential Use of Scale Growth Patterns for Identifying Washington Coho Salmon (O̲ ̲co̲r̲h̲y̲n̲c̲h̲u̲s̲ K̲i̲s̲u̲t̲c̲h̲) Stocks by : Mike Fraidenburg
Download or read book Potential Use of Scale Growth Patterns for Identifying Washington Coho Salmon (O̲ ̲co̲r̲h̲y̲n̲c̲h̲u̲s̲ K̲i̲s̲u̲t̲c̲h̲) Stocks written by Mike Fraidenburg and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Winter Distribution, Movement, and Smolt Transformation of Juvenile Coho Salmon in an Oregon Coastal Stream by : Jeffrey D. Rodgers
Download or read book The Winter Distribution, Movement, and Smolt Transformation of Juvenile Coho Salmon in an Oregon Coastal Stream written by Jeffrey D. Rodgers and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The abundance of the 1982 brood of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was determined in August 1983, and January and April 1984 at 20 study sites spread throughout Knowles Creek, an Oregon coastal watershed. The timing of emigration of juvenile coho from the watershed was monitored from October 1983 through June 1984. Condition factor, fork length, and gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity were measured in migrants, a captive group of Knowles Creek juvenile coho held in the laboratory, and nonmigrant fish periodically sampled from the stream. Skin guanine levels were also measured in migrant and nonmigrant groups. Juvenile coho abundance in January was significantly correlated with abundance in August. Wood volume and amount of undercut streambank were the pair of physical variables that best explained variation in the number of fish per square meter or per cubic meter in January. Two debris torrent ponds in the middle of the watershed contained large amounts of woody debris and were the most heavily used overwintering habitats for juvenile coho in the Knowles Creek. Few juvenile coho overwintered in the lower half of watershed, an area lacking woody debris. Peaks in outmigration occurred in November and May. Approximately 24% of the total number of migrants emigrated in November. Fish that reared in two of three third-order areas in summer, together with fish from the lower (fifth-order) half of the mainstem, were the first to leave the watershed. While lack of winter habitat may have been the cause of migration from the lower mainstem, low summer streamflows may have caused early migration from the low order sites. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of migrants rose gradually from a low in January to a peak at the end of the study in June. Mean gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of nonmigrants was only significantly lower than that of migrant fish during April. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase of captives was similar to that of nonmigrants until it peaked during the last two weeks in April, after which the activity fell below that of migrants or nonmigrants. Condition factor of nonmigrant fish was higher than either migrants or captives throughout the study. Migrant skin guanine levels rose sharply during the first two weeks in April and continued to rise until the end of the study in June. Approximately 8,300 juvenile coho, 44% of the estimated number of juvenile coho present in Knowles Creek in August, migrated from the watershed by the following June. An estimated 9% of the August population migrated as smolts after April 1.
Book Synopsis Identification of Physical Habitats Limiting the Production of Coho Salmon in Western Oregon and Washington by : Gordon H. Reeves
Download or read book Identification of Physical Habitats Limiting the Production of Coho Salmon in Western Oregon and Washington written by Gordon H. Reeves and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Endangered and Threatened Species ; Threatened Status for Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) of Coho Salmon by :
Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species ; Threatened Status for Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) of Coho Salmon written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Coho Salmon Production in Oregon by : Dennis Leslie Scarnecchia
Download or read book Factors Affecting Coho Salmon Production in Oregon written by Dennis Leslie Scarnecchia and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight scale characters of known hatchery and wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were compared, and a linear discriminant function was used to determine if hatchery and wild adult coho salmon could be correctly identified by their scales. Eighty-two percent of the hatchery and 89% of the wild fish were correctly identified. Based on analysis of scales from adult salmon of unknown origin (hatchery or wild) and the estimated catch of hatchery coho (marked) taken by the Oregon sport fishery, concluded that 74.9% of the fish caught in the ocean from mid-June to mid-September 1977 had been released as smelts from hatcheries. Percentages of hatchery fish in the catch ranged from 85% near the mouth of the Columbia River to 61% at Winchester Bay on the southern Oregon coast. Fisheries on the south and central Oregon coast may have fished on higher percentages of wild coho salmon later in the season, probably because wild fish from coastal streams remained off of these ports while most fish destined for Columbia River hatcheries had already migrated northward. Scales from coho salmon were used to determine if location on the body from which they were taken would affect the values of five scale characters. Scales obtained from within a relatively small area above the lateral line between the dorsal and adipose fins differed widely in total radius, in radius of the freshwater zone, and in number of circuli in the freshwater zone. Scales taken farther above the lateral line had significantly lower values for all five characters observed. I conclude that substantial error can be introduced into interpretation of scale data if care is not taken to insure that scales from each fish come from precisely the same area of the body. A well chosen scrape sample yielded a result as satisfactory as that of a "preferred" or "key" scale. To investigate the relationship between streamflow and abundance of coho salmon, I correlated flow from several Oregon coastal rivers with catch of coho salmon from these rivers and with catch from the Oregon commercial troll fishery. I found a highly significant relationship between total streamflows during the freshwater residency of the fish for five Oregon coastal rivers combined and pounds of adult coho salmon caught by the Oregon commercial troll fishery from 1942 to 1962. There is also a significant relationship between total combined annual (January-December) flows for these rivers and a catch 2 years later. Conversely, I found a poor relationship between the lowest 60 consecutive days of summer flow and 2 two years later. I also found significant relationships between annual flows and catch in Tillamook Bay from 1934 to 1946. Only on the Siletz River from 1927 to 1940 do find a significant relationship between summer flows and catch. Higher flows during the freshwater stages of coho salmon probably provide more habitat and better conditions for growth as well as lessen susceptibility of fry and smelts to predation. I concluded that the relationships I found should probably not be used now to predict abundance of wild coho salmon because of (l) the unknown interaction between wild and hatchery fish, and (2) the preponderance of hatchery fish in the catch.
Book Synopsis A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry by :
Download or read book A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) rely on unique habitats during the winter season, which may dictate how much individuals may growth and when migration from freshwater rearing habitat to the ocean occurs. Here I analyze movement timing and growth patterns for coho salmon through a field-based study and a literature review. For the field portion, I examined hatchery-stocked juvenile coho salmon across four stream basins in the Russian River watershed, California to determine the relative importance of climate, landscape, and fish size metrics in predicting movement and growth patterns over a winter rearing and spring smolt outmigration time period (December 2014-June 2015). I observed three unique movement strategies: winter parr movement, spring smolt movement, and inter-tributary movement. Movement was predicted in relation to daily temperature and precipitation, followed by in-stream and upslope basin conditions in random forest modeling. Specifically, fish that moved later were associated with basins that contained higher productivity and low-gradient floodplain habitats, while fish that moved earlier came from streams that lacked invertebrate prey and had limited low-gradient rearing habitat. Fish size and timing of movement were the primary predictors of growth, with relatively larger fish in the spring growing faster than fish that were relatively smaller prior to winter. These relationships suggest that hatchery-release fish are still highly influenced by environmental conditions once released, especially in terms of initial seasonal movement, and that watershed conditions should be considered when utilizing hatchery-rearing programs to supplement wild fish populations. In North America, coho salmon populations are distributed from Alaska through California, and may exhibit unique movement and growth patterns in relationship to population-scale vulnerability (Endangered Species Act listing), basin area, and availability and types of rearing habitat. For the second part of my thesis, I conducted a literature review to assess what factors are commonly considered in predicting movement and growth patterns for these fish, as well as the types (season and life stage) and number of movement strategies reported. Eighteen studies were summarized, of which sixteen identified unique movement strategies, ranging from one to four. Despite a wide range of basin areas and latitudes, winter parr and spring smolt movements were commonly observed, with authors primarily relating these behaviors to in-stream habitat and fish size metrics. Additionally, growth was linked positively and primarily with off-channel winter rearing, which may outweigh the importance of fish size in predicting growth when high quality rearing habitats are available during the winter season. Recognizing movement timing diversity and its drivers can help recover threatened coho salmon populations. More widely distributed populations may have unique phenotypic expressions based on localized genetic and environmental interactions, increasing diversity and overall stability across the population, a concept known as the portfolio effect. Understanding fish-habitat relationships can aid recovery efforts by providing a framework of climatic and watershed conditions that support unique behaviors, even in already severely limited populations.
