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Design Of A Power Amplifier And Envelope Amplifier For A Multi Band Multi Standard Envelope Tracking System
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Book Synopsis Design of a Power Amplifier and Envelope Amplifier for a Multi-band Multi-standard Envelope Tracking System by : Yushi Hu
Download or read book Design of a Power Amplifier and Envelope Amplifier for a Multi-band Multi-standard Envelope Tracking System written by Yushi Hu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the design of a Power Amplifier (PA) and envelope amplifier for an Envelope Tracking (ET) system that is aimed at meeting emerging radio standards in terms of power efficiency and linearity. The class J mode of operation, as well as the efficiency and power contours from load pull was exploited to develop an adequate procedure for the design of a broadband and high efficiency radio frequency PA. An in-depth study has also been conducted for a hybrid envelope amplifier topology in order to optimize it for power efficiency through proper setting of its switching stage supply. Two separate proof of concept prototypes of the PA and envelop amplifier were designed, fabricated and tested. The PA designed was able to achieve an average drain efficiency of 73.6%, average output power of 45.89dBm, and an average gain of 18dB between 650MHz and 1.050GHz (48% bandwidth). The envelope amplifier achieved close to 74.6% efficiency for a 5MHz bandwidth LTE signal envelope with 6.4dB peak to average power ratio.
Book Synopsis Concurrent Multi-band Envelope Tracking Power Amplifiers for Emerging Wireless Communications by : Hassan Sarbishaei
Download or read book Concurrent Multi-band Envelope Tracking Power Amplifiers for Emerging Wireless Communications written by Hassan Sarbishaei and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging wireless communication is shifting toward data-centric broadband services, resulting in employment of sophisticated and spectrum efficient modulation and access techniques. This yields communication signals with large peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR) and stringent linearity requirements. For example, future wireless communication standard, such as long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) require adoption of carrier aggregation techniques to improve their effective modulation bandwidth. The carrier aggregation technique for LTE-A incorporates multiple carriers over a wide frequency range to create a wider bandwidth of up to 100MHz. This will require future power amplifiers (PAs) and transmitters to efficiently amplify concurrent multi-band signals with large PAPR, while maintaining good linearity. Different back-off efficiency enhancement techniques are available, such as envelope tracking (ET) and Doherty. ET has gained a lot of attention recently as it can be applied to both base station and mobile transmitters. Unfortunately, few publications have investigated concurrent multi-band amplification using ET PAs, mainly due to the limited bandwidth of the envelope amplifier. In this thesis, a novel approach to enable concurrent amplification of multi-band signals using a single ET PA will be presented. This thesis begins by studying the sources of nonlinearities in single-band and dual-band PAs. Based on the analysis, a design methodology is proposed to reduce the sources of memory effects in single-band and dual-band PAs from the circuit design stage and improve their linearizability. Using the proposed design methodology, a 45W GaN PA was designed. The PA was linearized using easy to implement, memoryless digital pre-distortion (DPD) with 8 and 28 coefficients when driven with single-band and dual-band signals, respectively. This analysis and design methodology will enable the design of PAs with reduced memory effects, which can be linearized using simple, power efficient linearization techniques, such as lookup table or memoryless polynomial DPD. Note that the power dissipation of the linearization engine becomes crucial as we move toward smaller base station cells, such as femto- and pico-cells, where complicated DPD models cannot be implemented due to their significant power overhead. This analysis is also very important when implementing a multi-band ET PA system, where the sources of memory effects in the PA itself are minimized through the proposed design methodology. Next, the principle of concurrent dual-band ET operation using the low frequency component (LFC) of the envelope of the dual-band signal is presented. The proposed dual-band ET PA modulates the drain voltage of the PA using the LFC of the envelope of the dual-band signal. This will enable concurrent dual-band operation of the ET PA without posing extra bandwidth requirements on the envelope amplifier. A detailed efficiency and linearity analysis of the dual-band ET PA is also presented. Furthermore, a new dual-band DPD model with supply dependency is proposed in this thesis, capable of capturing and compensating for the sources of distortion in the dual-band ET PA. To the best of our knowledge, concurrent dual-band operation of ET PAs using the LFC of the envelope of the dual-band signal is presented for the first time in the literature. The proposed dual-band ET operation is validated using the measurement results of two GaN ET PA prototypes. Lastly, the principle of concurrent dual-band ET operation is extended to multi-band signals using the LFC of the envelope of the multi-band signal. The proposed multi-band ET operation is validated using the measurement results of a tri-band ET PA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported tri-band ET PA in literature. The tri-band ET PA is linearized using a new tri-band DPD model with supply dependency.
Book Synopsis High Efficiency Broadband Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifiers by : Jonmei Johana Yan
Download or read book High Efficiency Broadband Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifiers written by Jonmei Johana Yan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to meet the increasing demand for higher data rates while maximizing spectral efficiency, modern wireless communication systems transmit complex non-constant envelope modulation signals with high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). As a result, conventional power amplifiers must be operated in back-off, leading to a significant efficiency reduction. Various power amplifier architectures (i.e. Doherty, outphasing, and envelope tracking) have been demonstrated to achieve high efficiency for these high PAPR signals. Unlike the other architectures, the envelope tracking power amplifier (ETPA) makes an excellent candidate for multi-band multi-frequency use, while maintaining high efficiency for high PAPR and under average power back-off, as it is fundamentally immune to changes in the frequency of the carrier; it depends only on the envelope of the RF signal. This dissertation focuses on the design of envelope tracking power amplifiers for enabling broadband wireless communication systems. First, a test-bench for evaluating broadband ETPAs is described. A calibration routine, acting as a pre-equalizer, is used to achieve a flat linear response over the entire instantaneous bandwidth of the system, resulting in less than 1% EVM for a 40 MHz LTE signal. Performances of envelope tracking power amplifiers on this test-bench at various frequencies from UHF to millimeter-wave are evaluated, and record efficiencies are demonstrated. Next, this dissertation describes how in under practical usage, the power transmitted fluctuates as a function of the load demands over time. The long-term efficiency of the ETPA is evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations based on a projected time-varying power profile. Compared to a Doherty PA with the same peak efficiency, the ETPA can provide more than 1.4x reduction in overall energy consumed. The ETPA thus provides significant opportunities for system energy savings under realistic operation. Thirdly, to accommodate the wide range of carrier frequencies required for numerous emerging wireless systems, a multi-octave RFPA based on a compact GaN stacked IC with RC feedback is designed, fabricated, and evaluated. Multi-octave ET operation was demonstrated from 500 to 1750 MHz with >25% efficiency. Compared to its constant drain voltage counterpart, >2x improvement in RFPA efficiency is observed in ET. Lastly, while the ETPA provides advantages such as broad carrier bandwidths and high efficiency under back-off operation, one of the main challenges in ETPA design lies in accommodating wide modulation bandwidths. Adaptive de-troughing, a digital signal processing approach for extending the modulation bandwidth capability of an existing dynamic power supply, is described and evaluated. Measurements demonstrated the ability to extend ET operation to 20 MHz LTE signals. In addition, ~5-6% modulator efficiency enhancement was measured when comparing "standard" to "adaptive" de-troughing supply waveforms.
Book Synopsis The Design of Concurrent Dual Band Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier for Basestations by : Yiqiao Lin
Download or read book The Design of Concurrent Dual Band Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier for Basestations written by Yiqiao Lin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The linearity and efficiency of a transmitting system is largely determined by its last stage component: the Power Amplifier (PA). In the past century, engineers and scientists have pioneered various architectures to optimize the PA performance - most notably the linearity and efficiency, as these quantities directly correspond to signal integrity and cost, respectively. In this dissertation, the design, implementation, and measurement results of a concurrent dual-band envelope tracking (ET) PA system is detailed. The dual-band PA system incorporates a new envelope tracking (ET) methodology which relaxes the large bandwidth requirement typically placed on supply modulators for dual-band applications, resulting in significant efficiency improvement. Afterwards, the PA linearity optimized through the use of a new, highly stable, and scalable digital predistortion (DPD) scheme, viable for both constant supply as well as modulated supply (ET) dual-band PAs. The developed ET and multi-dimentional DPD system methodologies are then verified using a 10W peak gallium-nitride (GaN) ET PA operating with a dual-band input based on LTE and WCDMA signals, with center frequencies spaced by 310 MHz. The testbed is based on a Altera FPGA Stratix IV and two Analog Device mixed signal DPD boards. The proposed method provides a performance improvement as high as 17 dB in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE) and 4.6 dB in terms of adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) in comparison to the conventional dual-band memory polynomial method including ET.
Book Synopsis Multiband RF Circuits and Techniques for Wireless Transmitters by : Wenhua Chen
Download or read book Multiband RF Circuits and Techniques for Wireless Transmitters written by Wenhua Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces systematic design methods for passive and active RF circuits and techniques, including state-of-the-art digital enhancement techniques. As the very first book dedicated to multiband RF circuits and techniques, this work provides an overview of the evolution of transmitter architecture and discusses current digital predistortion techniques. Readers will find a collection of novel research ideas and new architectures in concurrent multiband power dividers, power amplifiers and related digital enhancement techniques. This book will be of great interest to academic researchers, R&D engineers, wireless transmitter and protocol designers, as well as graduate students who wish to learn the core architectures, principles and methods of multiband RF circuits and techniques.
Book Synopsis Envelope Tracking Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications by : Zhancang Wang
Download or read book Envelope Tracking Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications written by Zhancang Wang and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2014-06-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Envelope tracking technology is seen as the most promising efficiency enhancement technology for RF power amplifiers for 4G and beyond wireless communications. More and more organizations are investing and researching on this topic with huge potential in academic and commercial areas. This is the first book on the market to offer complete introduction, theory, and design considerations on envelope tracking for wireless communications. This resource presents you with a full introduction to the subject and covers underlying theory and practical design considerations.
Book Synopsis RF Power Amplifiers by : Marian K. Kazimierczuk
Download or read book RF Power Amplifiers written by Marian K. Kazimierczuk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the highly acclaimed RF Power Amplifiers has been thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest challenges associated with power transmitters used in communications systems. With more rigorous treatment of many concepts, the new edition includes a unique combination of class-tested analysis and industry-proven design techniques. Radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers are the fundamental building blocks used in a vast variety of wireless communication circuits, radio and TV broadcasting transmitters, radars, wireless energy transfer, and industrial processes. Through a combination of theory and practice, RF Power Amplifiers, Second Edition provides a solid understanding of the key concepts, the principle of operation, synthesis, analysis, and design of RF power amplifiers. This extensive update boasts: up to date end of chapter summaries; review questions and problems; an expansion on key concepts; new examples related to real-world applications illustrating key concepts and brand new chapters covering ‘hot topics’ such as RF LC oscillators and dynamic power supplies. Carefully edited for superior readability, this work remains an essential reference for research & development staff and design engineers. Senior level undergraduate and graduate electrical engineering students will also find it an invaluable resource with its practical examples & summaries, review questions and end of chapter problems. Key features: • A fully revised solutions manual is now hosted on a companion website alongside new simulations. • Extended treatment of a broad range of topologies of RF power amplifiers. • In-depth treatment of state-of-the art of modern transmitters and a new chapter on oscillators. • Includes problem-solving methodology, step-by-step derivations and closed-form design equations with illustrations.
Book Synopsis Envelope Amplifier Design for Wireless Base-station Power Amplifiers by : Chin Hsia
Download or read book Envelope Amplifier Design for Wireless Base-station Power Amplifiers written by Chin Hsia and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to deliver high data rates, modern wireless communication systems transmit complex modulated signals with high peak-to-average ratio, which demands wide bandwidth and stringent linearity performance for power amplifiers. To satisfy spectral mask regulations and achieve adequate error vector magnitude, power amplifiers typically operate at 6 to 10 dB back-off from the maximum output power, leading to low efficiency. To overcome the low efficiency problem, the envelope tracking power amplifier architecture has been proposed for this type of application due to its feature of high efficiency over a wide power range. The overall efficiency of an envelope tracking system relies not only on performance of the RF power amplifier but also on that of an envelope amplifier that provides a dynamically varying power supply voltage. This dissertation focuses on envelope amplifier design for efficiency enhancement of envelope tracking power amplifiers. First, the envelope tracking power amplifier architecture is analyzed, and the efficiency of a RF transistor in the envelope tracking technique is described. Then envelope amplifier behavior is investigated and a general purpose simulator is developed for analyzing and designing an envelope amplifier. Power loss and efficiency of the envelope amplifier is analyzed and compared with experimental results. The design of envelope amplifiers for high voltage (> 30 V) envelope tracking applications is described. A high voltage envelope amplifier is designed, implemented and verified. The overall envelope tracking system employing a GaN-HEMT RF transistor is demonstrated. Finally, a new architecture is developed for the efficiency enhancement of envelope amplifiers, using a digitally assisted controller design. Digital control is utilized to mitigate delay in the control loop inside the envelope amplifier, leading to lower overall power dissipation. A novel envelope amplifier architecture with dual-switcher stages based on the digitally-assisted control strategy is proposed, designed and implemented. The strategy is demonstrated to improve the efficiency of envelope amplifier as well as the system overall efficiency. The resulting performance of envelope tracking system employing a GaAs high voltage HBT with a single carrier W-CDMA input demonstrated state-of-the-art efficiency with good linearity performance.
Book Synopsis Design and Implementation of an Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier Using Switched Amplifiers and Slow Envelopes by : Pedro Pablo Vizarreta Paz
Download or read book Design and Implementation of an Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier Using Switched Amplifiers and Slow Envelopes written by Pedro Pablo Vizarreta Paz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Load-Pull Techniques with Applications to Power Amplifier Design by : Fadhel M. Ghannouchi
Download or read book Load-Pull Techniques with Applications to Power Amplifier Design written by Fadhel M. Ghannouchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-06 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book on load-pull systems is intended for readers with a broad knowledge of high frequency transistor device characterization, nonlinear and linear microwave measurements, RF power amplifiers and transmitters. Load-Pull Techniques with Applications to Power Amplifier Design fulfills the demands of users, designers, and researchers both from industry and academia who have felt the need of a book on this topic. It presents a comprehensive reference spanning different load-pull measurement systems, waveform measurement and engineering systems, and associated calibration procedures for accurate large signal characterization. Besides, this book also provides in-depth practical considerations required in the realization and usage of load-pull and waveform engineering systems. In addition, it also provides procedure to design application specific load-pull setup and includes several case studies where the user can customize architecture of load-pull setups to meet any specific measurement requirements. Furthermore, the materials covered in this book can be part of a full semester graduate course on microwave device characterization and power amplifier design.
Book Synopsis Reconfigurable RF Power Amplifiers on Silicon for Wireless Handsets by : Laurent Leyssenne
Download or read book Reconfigurable RF Power Amplifiers on Silicon for Wireless Handsets written by Laurent Leyssenne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconfigurable RF Power Amplifiers on Silicon for Wireless Handsets is intended to designers and researchers who have to tackle the efficiency/linearity trade-off in modern RF transmitters so as to extend their battery lifetime. High data rate 3G/4G standards feature broad channel bandwidths, high dynamic range and critical envelope variations which generally forces the power amplifier (PA) to operate in a low efficiency “backed-off” regime. Classic efficiency enhancement techniques such as Envelope Elimination and Restoration reveal to be little compliant with handset-dedicated PA implementation due to their channel-bandwidth-limited behavior and their increased die area consumption and/or bill-of-material. The architectural advances that are proposed in this book circumvent these issues since they put the stress on low die-area /low power-consumption control circuitry. The advantages of silicon over III/V technologies are highlighted by several analogue signal processing techniques that can be implemented on-chip with a power amplifier. System-level and transistor-level simulations are combined to illustrate the principles of the proposed power adaptive solutions. Measurement on BICMOS demonstrators allows validating the functionality of dynamic linearity/efficiency management. In Reconfigurable RF Power Amplifiers on Silicon for Wireless Handsets, PA designers will find a review of technologies, architectures and theoretical formalisms (Volterra series...) that are traditionally related to PA design. Specific issues that one encounters in power amplifiers (such as thermal / memory effects, stability, VSWR sensitivity...) and the way of overcoming them are also extensively considered throughout this book.
Book Synopsis The Auxiliary Envelope Tracking RF Power Amplifier System by : Zubaida Yusoff
Download or read book The Auxiliary Envelope Tracking RF Power Amplifier System written by Zubaida Yusoff and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advancement of the mobile communication industry increases the need for RF power amplifier (RFPA) to be more efficient and linear. The communication network that is shifting towards smaller micro-cell or nano-cell network has also motivated the design of the RF power amplifier to be simple, compact and cost efficient. In this research work, a novel technique for efficiency and linearity improvement of the RFPA is presented. A simplistic approach in the technique called 'Auxiliary Envelope Tracking' (AET) system has promoted the design for small and straightforward AET tracking generator, a key component in the system. The use of low cost components in the AET tracking generator has made the technique commercially attractive. The AET technique proposes a separation in generating DC and AC components of the AET signal that biases the drain of the RFPA. The separation eases the generation of the signals resulting in low power consumption that leads to efficiency improvement. The investigation of the gain characteristic of gallium nitride (GaN) RFPA has shown an important RFPA attribute where the gain varied substantially as the drain voltage increases. By using the AET technique, the gain characteristic is harnessed to get linearity improvement. In order to validate the technique, AET measurement systems for two-carrier and WCDMA signals were developed and experimented. A special Class AB RFPA is designed and implemented to use dedicatedly for this investigation. In two-carrier signal measurement, a tracking generator is developed that consists of an envelope amplifier (EA) and a diplexer. The RFPA and the tracking generator are then combined to be an integrated AET block. In order to accommodate the high peak-toaverage ratio (PAR) and high bandwidth WCDMA signal, a broadband RF transformer was designed as part of the AET tracking generator to replace the diplexer. The two-carrier and WCDMA signals measurement results have proven that the AET technique is a valid technique for efficiency and linearity improvement. The improvements were achieved with simple, compact and cost-effective implementation.
Book Synopsis Bandwidth and Efficiency Enhancement in Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers for Wireless Transmitters by : Karun Rawat
Download or read book Bandwidth and Efficiency Enhancement in Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers for Wireless Transmitters written by Karun Rawat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on broadband power amplifier design for wireless communication. Nonlinear model embedding is described as a powerful tool for designing broadband continuous Class-J and continuous class F power amplifiers. The authors also discuss various techniques for extending bandwidth of load modulation based power amplifiers, such as Doherty power amplifier and Chireix outphasing amplifiers. The book also covers recent trends on digital as well as analog techniques to enhance bandwidth and linearity in wireless transmitters. Presents latest trends in designing broadband power amplifiers; Covers latest techniques for using nonlinear model embedding in designing power amplifiers based on waveform engineering; Describes the latest techniques for extending bandwidth of load modulation based power amplifiers such as Doherty power amplifier and Chireix outphasing amplifiers; Includes coverage of hybrid analog/digital predistortion as wideband solution for wireless transmitters; Discusses recent trends on on-chip power amplifier design with GaN /GaAs MMICs for high frequency applications.
Book Synopsis Wireless Technologies by : Krzysztof Iniewski
Download or read book Wireless Technologies written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced concepts for wireless technologies present a vision of technology that is embedded in our surroundings and practically invisible. From established radio techniques like GSM, 802.11 or Bluetooth to more emerging technologies, such as Ultra Wide Band and smart dust motes, a common denominator for future progress is the underlying integrated circuit technology. Wireless Technologies responds to the explosive growth of standard cellular radios and radically different wireless applications by presenting new architectural and circuit solutions engineers can use to solve modern design problems. This reference addresses state-of-the art CMOS design in the context of emerging wireless applications, including 3G/4G cellular telephony, wireless sensor networks, and wireless medical application. Written by top international experts specializing in both the IC industry and academia, this carefully edited work uncovers new design opportunities in body area networks, medical implants, satellite communications, automobile radar detection, and wearable electronics. The book is divided into three sections: wireless system perspectives, chip architecture and implementation issues, and devices and technologies used to fabricate wireless integrated circuits. Contributors address key issues in the development of future silicon-based systems, such as scale of integration, ultra-low power dissipation, and the integration of heterogeneous circuit design style and processes onto one substrate. Wireless sensor network systems are now being applied in critical applications in commerce, healthcare, and security. This reference, which contains 25 practical and scientifically rigorous articles, provides the knowledge communications engineers need to design innovative methodologies at the circuit and system level.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Power Supply Transmitters by : Earl McCune
Download or read book Dynamic Power Supply Transmitters written by Earl McCune and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-21 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Power is dissipated (lost) when this current flows through any resistance, which includes the amplifier's transistor. This dissipated power is the product of the current in the load times the voltage difference between the supply voltage to the amplifier and the output signal voltage. When the voltage supplied to the amplifier is a constant value, and by far the most common design practice, the situation in Fig. 1-2a results. Power dissipation in the amplifier is maximum when the output signal voltage is 1/2 of the supply voltage. When the output signal voltage is higher, even though the current value is larger the voltage drop is less and the power dissipation is lower. Similarly, when the output signal voltage is small, even though the voltage drop is now large the current in the load is smaller and again the power dissipation is lower"--
Book Synopsis Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum 2007 by : Simon Plass
Download or read book Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum 2007 written by Simon Plass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-14 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum (MC-SS 2007), 7-9 May 2007, held in Herrsching, Germany. The book aims to edit the ensemble of the newest contributions and research results in this new field. The book presents comprehensive state-of-the-art articles about multi-carrier spread spectrum techniques, and discusses multi-carrier spread spectrum techniques.
Book Synopsis Partitioning Design Approach for the Reliable Design of Highly Efficient RF Power Amplifiers by : Roshanak Lehna
Download or read book Partitioning Design Approach for the Reliable Design of Highly Efficient RF Power Amplifiers written by Roshanak Lehna and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modern wireless communication systems require modulated signals with wide modulation bandwidth. This, in turns, requires signals with very high dynamic range and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). This means that the amplifier in the base-station has to work at a power back-off as large as the dynamic range of the signal, so that the amplifier has a high linearity in this region. For the standard single-stage amplifiers, this large power back-off reduces the efficiency dramatically. In this work, a three-way Doherty power amplifier (DPA) aiming at high power efficiency within a dynamic range of 9.5 dB, is designed and fabricated using partitioning design approach. The partitioning design approach decomposes a complex design task into small-sized, well-controllable, and verifiable subcircuits. This advanced straight forward method has shown very promising results. Using this design approach, a three-way DPA has been designed to demonstrate the advantages of this reliable design technique as well. Based on the design of a single-stage power amplifier and proposing a novel output power combiner, a 6 W three-way DPA has been designed which allows the mandatory load modulation principle in three-way DPA structures to be realized with simpler elements, whereas the design of a standard Doherty combiner would have been very challenging and not practical due to the extremely small value of its characteristic line impedance. The proposed combiner is calculated for a three-way DPA with 2-mm AlGaN/GaN-HEMTs. The simulation result shows a very good load modulation for the amplifier, which confirms the theoretical expectation for a three-way DPA. The efficiency of the designed 6 W three-way DPA at large back-off shows very promising values compared to recently reported amplifiers. The measured IMD3 products confirm the good linearity of the amplifier as well. Accordingly, the proposed power combiner and the design strategy are recommended to be used as the preferred option for designing three-way DPA structures with very high output power.
