Design And Engineering Of Hierarchically Porous Transition Metal Based Electrocatalysts For Rechargeable Zn Air Batteries

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Design and Engineering of Hierarchically Porous Transition Metal-based Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn-air Batteries

Author : Moon Gyu Park
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Engineering of Hierarchically Porous Transition Metal-based Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn-air Batteries by : Moon Gyu Park

Download or read book Design and Engineering of Hierarchically Porous Transition Metal-based Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn-air Batteries written by Moon Gyu Park and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the critical cathodic and anodic reactions, respectively, in electrically rechargeable Zn-air battery. With a variety of advantages including relatively high energy density (1218 Wh kg-1), the abundance of zinc in the earth, and secure handling and safe operation, electrically rechargeable (secondary) Zn-air battery technology has been regarded as highly promising energy applications in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and smart grid storage. Zn-air batteries consist of not only zinc anode, polymer separator, and an alkaline electrolyte that are typical battery components, but also air-breathing cathode that makes Zn-"air" battery unique technology. Unlike other general battery systems such as lithium-ion batteries, there is no active material stored in cathode, but gaseous oxygen molecules in the air are used as the fuel for energy-generating reaction in the air cathode of Zn-air technology. The reactions occurring during battery discharge and charge are ORR and OER, respectively, which are mostly dominating the overall energy efficiency of the Zn-air battery system due to their intrinsically sluggish kinetics. The high energy barrier attributed to conversions between oxygen molecules diffused from the air and hydroxide ions in the electrolyte at the thin layer of the electrode leads to low charge/discharge energy efficiency and insufficient cycle stability hindering the commercialization of rechargeable Zn-air batteries to the market. Therefore, it is necessarily required to facilitate the slow kinetics of oxygen electrocatalytic reactions by using bifunctionally active and durable oxygen electrocatalyst materials to progress the reactions at practically viable and stable rates. With the use of bifunctional oxygen catalysts, kinetics of ORR and OER can be improved, leading to enhancement of Zn-air battery performances such as higher operating voltage and longer battery cycling life. The current best-known catalysts for ORR and OER are noble metals, including platinum (Pt) and iridium (Ir), respectively. However, high cost and scarcity of the precious metal-based catalysts hinder their employment in large scale energy applications. Furthermore, the electrochemical stability of these materials is well known to be very insufficient for long term usage even under typical device operating conditions. Therefore, the development of non-precious transition metal-based electrocatalysts has significantly been a momentous research field. Along with this movement, the facile synthesis and inexpensive preparation of highly active and durable electrocatalysts will take the top priority for the fulfillment of practically available rechargeable Zn-air battery technology in a variety of energy applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles and smart grid storage systems. In this work, novel design strategies of bifunctionally active and durable electrocatalysts possessing robust three-dimensional framework with hierarchical porosity are presented. A porous structure with a large surface area is essential to improve the oxygen electrocatalysis since the oxygen reactions take place at the surface of materials, where active sites reside, and thereby the large surface indicating plenty of catalytically active sites enhances kinetics of the reactions. Additionally, the porous architecture facilitates diffusion of oxygen gas molecules during the oxygen electrocatalysis, leading to enhanced mass transport of reactants and reduced overpotentials for ORR and OER polarizations, eventually resulting in improved activities. In addition to the improvement of activities, electrochemical stability is an essential fundamental property for the rational design of electrocatalysts. Thus, the 3D porous structure must have robust framework which can endure the highly oxidative environment in OER potential range. Therefore, the work presented in this thesis is aiming for the design and engineering of hierarchically porous transition metal-based electrocatalysts involving high porosity as well as electrocatalytically robust frameworks to improve the oxygen electrocatalytic activities and durability and thereby put the rechargeable Zn-air battery technology at a commercially viable level. In the first study, a facile polymer template-derived method has been used to synthesize three-dimensionally ordered meso/macro-porous (3DOM) spinel cobalt oxide as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst. Physicochemical characterizations have revealed the morphology of the designed electrocatalyst to be a hierarchically meso/macro-porous metal oxide framework. As investigated by electrochemical characterizations, 3DOM Co3O4 shows far enhanced ORR and OER activities with improved kinetics compared to the bulk material. The enhancement is majorly attributed to the five times higher specific surface area and significantly greater pore volume, leading to the increased number of catalytic active sites and facilitated diffusion of oxygen molecules into and out of the structure, respectively. Moreover, the robust frameworks of 3DOM Co3O4 helps to withstand harsh cycling environments by exhibiting significantly small performance reduction and retaining the original morphology. The improved oxygen electrocatalytic activity and durability have been well demonstrated in the rechargeable Zn-air battery system. 3DOM Co3O4 presents remarkably enhanced rechargeability over 200 cycles while retaining quite comparable operating voltage gap in comparison with the precious benchmark catalyst. In the second study, palladium (Pd) nanoparticle is deposited on the surface of 3DOM Co3O4 via a simple chemical reduction process. The morphological advantages of the 3DOM framework, as confirmed in the previous study, are expected to facilitate diffusion of oxygen molecules into and out of the structure leading to the decreased overpotentials during ORR and OER. However, using metal oxides as electrocatalysts restricts fast electron transfer leading to limited activity for oxygen catalysis due to their intrinsically low electrical conductivity. Therefore, Pd nanoparticles are introduced into 3DOM Co3O4 by expecting synergy from the combination of the morphological advantage of 3DOM architecture and the significant thermodynamic stability as well as the excellent ORR activity of palladium metal. Electrochemical characterizations have revealed that the combination demonstrates synergistically improved bifunctional electrocatalytic activity and durability. Moreover, computational simulation via density-functional-theory (DFT) verifies Pd@Co3O4(3DOM) is superior in two ways; (i) Activity-wise: the d-band center of Pd deposited on 3DOM Co3O4 was found to decrease significantly, resulting in increased electron abundance at the Fermi level, which in turn enhanced the overall electrical conductivity; (ii) Durability-wise: synergistic hybrid of Pd and 3DOM Co3O4 resulted in a significantly improved corrosion resistance, due to the much higher carbon oxidation potential and bulk-like dissolution potential of Pd nanoparticles on 3DOM Co3O4. The remarkable electrochemical activities and stabilities of Pd@3DOM-Co3O4 obtained from the half-cell testing resulted in excellent rechargeability of a prototype Zn-air battery, demonstrating the synergistic introduction of Pd into 3DOM Co3O4. In the last study, a type of metal-organic-framework (MOF) is selected as a template to synthesize MOF-based electrocatalyst possessing robust framework with multi-level porosity. Typically, MOF materials consist of metal centers linked by functional organic ligands, which gives them unique material characteristics such as high porosity and surface area, morphological and compositional flexibility, and high crystallinity. Especially, transition metal-based Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocubes with a chemical formula MxII[MyIII(CN)6]z▪H2O, where MII and MIII are divalent and trivalent transition metal cations, respectively, are employed as the MOF precursors due to a several material advantages such as simple precipitation synthesis, various possible compositions, and robust structure with high porosity

Rational Design of Transition Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Author : Zhuang Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Rational Design of Transition Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction by : Zhuang Liu

Download or read book Rational Design of Transition Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction written by Zhuang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rational Design of Transition Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Zhuang Liu Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Yunfeng Lu, Chair The harvest and conversion of energy is of crucial importance for human civilization. Today, the fast growth in energy consumption, together with the environmental problems caused by fossil fuel usage, calls for renewable and clean energy supply, such as solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal energy. However, such energies are not consistent in both time and location, bringing energy storage on request. Intensive research has been focused on the development of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices. Among these EES devices, hydrogen fuel cells and metal-air batteries have attracted the special attention because of their high theoretical energy densities. Yet, one major issue lies in the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that takes place at the cathodes. For example, the theoretical voltage of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is 1.23 V (standard condition). However, the voltage output obtained under a meaningful current density is only about 0.7 V, where the voltage loss is primarily caused by the overpotential in the cathodes. Developing efficient electro-catalysts, which can lower the overpotential of ORR, is indispensable for achieving high performance devices. The state-of-the-art ORR electro-catalysts are generally based on platinum, which is limited by cost and scarcity. Developing electro-catalysts based on earth abundant metal elements is critical for large-scale application of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Among the non-precious-metal catalysts (NPMCs) explored in recent decades, pyrolyzed iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalysts is widely regarded as the most promising candidate for replacing platinum due to their high activity. However, the traditional method for preparing Fe-N-C catalysts involves high-temperature pyrolysis of the precursors, which is a highly complex and unpredictable process. As-prepared Fe-N-C catalysts usually contain mixed chemical phases (e.g., Fe-based nanoparticles, Fe-N coordination site and various nitrogen species), as well as carbon scaffolds with random morphology. Such complexity makes it difficult to identify the active site and control the porous structure. Though progress has been made in improving their performance through delicate selection of precursors, such process is largely based on test-and-trial method, shedding little light on the understanding of the material. In this dissertation, we designed a novel "post iron decoration" synthetic strategy towards efficient Fe-N-C catalysts, which de-convolutes the growth of iron and nitrogen species, enables the rational design of the catalyst structure, and provides a series of effective model materials for active site probing. Specifically, liquid iron penta-carbonyl was used to wet the surface of mesoporous N-doped carbon spheres (NMC), whose porous structure is determined by the template used for preparation. The obtained Fe(CO)5/NMC complex was then pyrolyzed to generate the Fe/NMC catalysts. Through comparative study and thorough material characterization, we demonstrated that the pyridinic-N of NMC anchors the Fe atoms to form Fe-Nx active sites during pyrolysis, while the graphitic-N remains ORR active. The excessive Fe atoms were aggregated forming fine nanoparticles, which were subsequently oxidized forming amorphous-iron oxide/iron crystal core-shell structure. All the composing elements of Fe/NMC catalysts are uniformly distributed on the NMC scaffold, whose porous structure is shown to be not affected by Fe decoration, guaranteeing the effective exposure of active sites. The best performing Fe/NMC catalysts exhibited a high half-wave potential of 0.862 V, which is close to that of the benchmark 40% Pt/C catalyst. Such high activity is primarily attributed to the Fe-Nx active sites in the catalysts. While the surface oxidized Fe crystallites though not being the major active site, is revealed to catalyze the reduction of HO2-, the 2e ORR product, facilitating the 4e reduction of oxygen. Finally, such synthetic strategy is successfully extended to prepare other Me-N-C materials. Based on the established understanding of the active sites, we then complexed the active Fe(CO)5 molecules with a N-rich metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) to form a precursor, which was subsequently pyrolyzed to form Fe-NC catalysts. During the pyrolysis, Fe(CO)5 reacts homogeneously with the ZIF-8 scaffold, leading to the formation of uniform distribution of Fe-related active sites on the N-rich porous carbon derived from ZIF-8. The zinc atoms in the crystalline structure of ZIF-8 serves as thermo-sacrificial template, resulting in the formation of hierarchical pores that provide abundant easily accessible ORR active sites. In virtue of these advantageous features, the best performing Fe-NC catalyst exhibited a high half-wave potential of 0.91 V in rotating disk electrode experiment in 0.1 M NaOH. Furthermore, zinc-air battery constructed with Fe-NC-900-M as the cathode catalyst exhibited high open-circuit voltage (1.5 V) and a peak power density of 271 mW cm-2, which outperforms those made with 40% Pt/C catalyst (1.48 V, 1.19 V and 242 mW cm-2), and most noble-metal free ORR catalysts reported so far. Finally, such a synthetic method is economic and easily-scalable, offering possibility for further activity and durability improvement.

Zinc-Air Batteries

Author : Zongping Shao
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527350462
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Zinc-Air Batteries by : Zongping Shao

Download or read book Zinc-Air Batteries written by Zongping Shao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-01-04 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc–Air Batteries Authoritative and comprehensive resource covering foundational knowledge of zinc–air batteries as well as their practical applications Zinc–Air Batteries provides a comprehensive understanding of the history and development of Zn–air batteries, with a systematic overview of components, design, and device innovation, along with recent advances in the field, especially with regards to the cathode catalyst design made by cutting-edge materials, engineering processes, and technologies. In particular, design principles regarding the key components of Zn–air batteries, ranging from air cathode, to zinc anode, and to electrolyte, are emphasized. Furthermore, industrial developments of Zn–air batteries are discussed and emerging new designs of Zn–air batteries are also introduced. The authors argue that designing advanced Zn–air battery technologies is important to the realization of efficient energy storage and conversion—and, going further, eventually holds the key to a sustainable energy future and a carbon-neutral goal. Edited and contributed to by leading professionals and researchers in the field, Zinc–Air Batteries also contains information regarding: Design of oxygen reduction catalysts in primary zinc–air batteries, including precious metals, single-atoms, carbons, and transition metal oxides Design of bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable zinc–air batteries, covering specific oxygen redox reactions and catalyst candidates Design of three-dimensional air cathode in zinc–air batteries, covering loading of carbon-based and transition metal catalysts, plus design of the three-phase interface Design of electrolyte for zinc–air batteries, including liquid electrolytes (e.g., alkaline) and gel polymer electrolytes (e.g., PVA hydrogel) For students, researchers, and instructors working in battery technologies, materials science, and electrochemistry, and for industry and government representatives for decision making associated with energy and transportation, Zinc–Air Batteries summarizes the research results on Zn–air batteries and thereby helps researchers and developers to implement the technology in practice.

Advanced Technologies for Rechargeable Batteries

Author : Prasanth Raghavan
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040106382
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Technologies for Rechargeable Batteries by : Prasanth Raghavan

Download or read book Advanced Technologies for Rechargeable Batteries written by Prasanth Raghavan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-08-22 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers recent advanced battery systems such as metal-ion, hybrid, and metal-air batteries. It includes an introduction to fluoride, potassium, zinc, chloride, aluminium, and iron-ion batteries; special or hybrid batteries are included, with calcium, nuclear, thermal, and lithium-magnesium hybrid batteries also explained. It summarizes the recent progress and chemistry behind the popular metal-air batteries, including a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration of these new battery technologies. Features: Covers recent battery technologies in detail, from the chemistry to advances in post-lithium-ion batteries. Various post-lithium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. Includes a section on ion batteries, exploring new types of metal-ion batteries. Focuses in each chapter on a particular battery type, including different metal-ion batteries such as zinc, potassium, aluminium, and their air version batteries. Provides authoritative coverage of scientific content via global contributing experts. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers, and professionals in materials science, chemical and electrical engineering, and electrochemistry.

Bifunctional 2D structured catalysts for air electrodes in rechargeable metal-air batteries

Author : Chengang Pei
Publisher : OAE Publishing Inc.
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Bifunctional 2D structured catalysts for air electrodes in rechargeable metal-air batteries by : Chengang Pei

Download or read book Bifunctional 2D structured catalysts for air electrodes in rechargeable metal-air batteries written by Chengang Pei and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inherent technical challenges of metal-air batteries (MABs), arising from the sluggish redox electrochemical reactions on the air electrode, significantly affect their efficiency and life cycle. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with near-atomic thickness have potential as bifunctional catalysts in MABs because of their distinct structures, exceptional physical properties, and tunable surface chemistries. In this study, the chemistry of representative 2D materials was elucidated, and the comprehensive analysis of the primary modification techniques, including geometric structure manipulation, defect engineering, crystal facet selection, heteroatom doping, single-atom catalyst construction, and composite material synthesis, was conducted. The correlation between material structure and activity is illustrated by examples, with the aim of leading the development of advanced catalysts in MABs. We also focus on the future of MABs from the perspective of bifunctional catalysts, definite mechanisms, and standard measurement. We expect this work to serve as a guide for the design of air electrode materials that can be used in MABs.

Energy Storage and Conversion Devices

Author : Anurag Gaur
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000470512
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Storage and Conversion Devices by : Anurag Gaur

Download or read book Energy Storage and Conversion Devices written by Anurag Gaur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art overview of the research and development in designing electrode and electrolyte materials for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Further, green energy production via the water splitting approach by the hydroelectric cell is also explored. Features include: • Provides details on the latest trends in design and optimization of electrode and electrolyte materials with key focus on enhancement of energy storage and conversion device performance • Focuses on existing nanostructured electrodes and polymer electrolytes for device fabrication, as well as new promising research routes toward the development of new materials for improving device performance • Features a dedicated chapter that explores electricity generation by dissociating water through hydroelectric cells, which are a nontoxic and green source of energy production • Describes challenges and offers a vision for next-generation devices This book is beneficial for advanced students and professionals working in energy storage across the disciplines of physics, materials science, chemistry, and chemical engineering. It is also a valuable reference for manufacturers of electrode/electrolyte materials for energy storage devices and hydroelectric cells.

Atomically Dispersed Metallic Materials for Electrochemical Energy Technologies

Author : Wei Yan (Professor of materials science and engineering)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780367721008
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Atomically Dispersed Metallic Materials for Electrochemical Energy Technologies by : Wei Yan (Professor of materials science and engineering)

Download or read book Atomically Dispersed Metallic Materials for Electrochemical Energy Technologies written by Wei Yan (Professor of materials science and engineering) and published by . This book was released on 2022-08 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book aims to facilitate research and development of ADMMs for applications in electrochemical energy devices. It provides a comprehensive description of the science and technology of ADMMs, including material selection, synthesis, characterization, and their applications in fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and H2O/CO2/N2 electrolysis to encourage progress in commercialization of these clean energy technologies. Written by authors with strong academic and industry expertise, this book will be attractive to researchers and industry professionals working in the fields of materials, chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering, as well as nanotechnology and clean energy"--

Structural Engineering and Electronic Tuning of Non-noble Transition Metal-based Electrocatalysts

Author : Zhiwei Fang (Ph. D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Engineering and Electronic Tuning of Non-noble Transition Metal-based Electrocatalysts by : Zhiwei Fang (Ph. D.)

Download or read book Structural Engineering and Electronic Tuning of Non-noble Transition Metal-based Electrocatalysts written by Zhiwei Fang (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis, a process that can accelerate chemical reactions, has become a pivotal role in producing renewable energy (e.g. fuel cells, solar energy, biofuels, etc.) s by environmentally friendly routes. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis has prompted intensive efforts, owing to their low thermodynamic requirements, cost-effective energy, high coulombic efficiency, and reduced carbon footprint. However, the unfavorable kinetics of most electrochemical reactions severely limits the large-scale applications of energy conversion devices. To reduce the reaction barrier, efficient electrocatalysts, with high active-site accessibility, abundant surface areas, good electrical conductivity, desirable electrical conductivity and long-term stability, are necessarily required. This dissertation offers a dual-tuning strategy combining structural design and electronic tuning of non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts. To push the mass/charge transfer of non-noble-meal-based catalysts for practical applications, strategies including structural engineering and optimized electronic modification are applied to achieve efficient and stable electrocatalysts. Porosity engineering is firstly introduced in 2D transition metal-based electrocatalysts to alleviate the restacking issue of the 2D nanomaterials, offering large active surface areas and fast ion transfer (Chapter 3). Besides, to overcome the inferior electron transfer during the electrochemical process, electronic modification, such as anionic substitution, is employed to boost the electron transfer. By applying structural engineering and electronic modification in 2D electrocatalyst, both mass transport and charge transfer are improved. The density of state and the local electronic/atomic structure optimizations of electrocatalysts are further studied by modeling computation. To extend the structural design and electronic modification to a broad range of electrocatalysts, gel-based electrocatalysts with enhanced mass/charge transfer are further introduced. Unlike conventional electrocatalysts prepared from bulky powders suffering from severe issues on mass transport and electron transfer, gel-based electrocatalysts offer larger numbers of active sites, due to unique hierarchical structures, compositional tunability, ease of functionalization, and high wettability for electrolyte penetration (Chapter 4). By introducing functional dopants or alloying with transition metals, not only the electron transfer of gel-derived alloys can be improved, but also the N adsorption energy can be regulated (Chapter 5). Finally, key strategies combining structural design and electronic tuning of non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts are summarized and possible future directions are provided (Chapter 6)

Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical-Based Energy Conversion and Storage

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128145587
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical-Based Energy Conversion and Storage by :

Download or read book Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical-Based Energy Conversion and Storage written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical-Based Energy Conversion and Storage covers recent progress made in the rational design and engineering of functional nanomaterials for battery and supercapacitor applications in the forms of electrode materials, separators and electrolytes. The book includes detailed discussions of preparation methods, structural characterization, and manipulation techniques. Users will find a comprehensive illustration on the close correlation between material structures and properties, such as energy density, power density, cycle number and safety. Provides an overview on the application of nanomaterials for energy storage and power systems Includes a description of the fundamental aspects of the electrochemical process Explores the new aspects of electrolyte and separator systems

Nanotechnology for Sustainable Manufacturing

Author : David Rickerby
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482214822
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanotechnology for Sustainable Manufacturing by : David Rickerby

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Sustainable Manufacturing written by David Rickerby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has the potential to play an important role in increasing the sustainability of a wide range of industrial sectors. Nanomaterials could contribute to more sustainable manufacturing through cleaner, less wasteful production processes and can substitute conventional materials, leading to savings in raw materials and energy. Nanotechnology for Sustainable Manufacturing discusses recent progress in the areas of energy and materials efficiency related to resource savings and conservation of raw materials, which are drivers for the application of nanotechnology in the industrial setting. Written by leading experts from Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia, the book provides an innovative perspective by establishing connections between the subject areas associated with nanotechnology and by bridging the academic and industrial research gap. The topics covered include electronics, agrifood, aerospace, pulp and paper manufacturing, batteries, catalysts, solar energy, fuel cells, drinking water, and construction materials. The chapters offer insights into the diverse industries that are currently or likely to be impacted by developments in nanotechnology and nanomaterials. They cover applications such as nanotechnology for alternative energy generation, improving water quality, and novel uses in agriculture and forest products. The book also addresses the use of life-cycle analysis for assessing the sustainability of nanotechnology-based products and processes.

Metal Oxide Nanocomposites

Author : B. Raneesh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119363578
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Nanocomposites by : B. Raneesh

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanocomposites written by B. Raneesh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Applications summarizes many of the recent research accomplishments in the area of metal oxide-based nanocomposites. This book focussing on the following topics: Nanocomposites preparation and characterization of metal oxide nanocomposites; synthesis of core/shell metal oxide nanocomposites; multilayer thin films; sequential assembly of nanocomposite materials; semiconducting polymer metal oxide nanocomposites; graphene-based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites; carbon nanotube–metal–oxide nanocomposites; silicon mixed oxide nanocomposites; gas semiconducting sensors based on metal oxide nanocomposites; metal ]organic framework nanocomposite for hydrogen production and nanocomposites application towards photovoltaic and photocatalytic.

Nanoscale Coordination Chemistry

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012820253X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanoscale Coordination Chemistry by :

Download or read book Nanoscale Coordination Chemistry written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-24 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series, presents timely and informative summaries on current progress in a variety of subject areas. This acclaimed serial features reviews written by experts in the field, serving as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers that empowers readers to pursue new developments in each field. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of recent findings and trends from the last decade that covers various kinds of inorganic topics, from theoretical oriented supramolecular chemistry, to the quest for accurate calculations of spin states in transition metals. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series Includes the latest information on nanoscale coordination chemistry

Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes

Author : Jianmin Ma
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352734859X
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes by : Jianmin Ma

Download or read book Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes written by Jianmin Ma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore green catalytic reactions with this reference from a renowned leader in the field Green reactions—like photo-, photoelectro-, and electro-catalytic reactions—offer viable technologies to solve difficult problems without significant damage to the environment. In particular, some gas-involved reactions are especially useful in the creation of liquid fuels and cost-effective products. In Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes: Water Splitting, N2 Fixing, CO2 Reduction, award-winning researcher Jianmin Ma delivers a comprehensive overview of photo-, electro-, and photoelectron-catalysts in a variety of processes, including O2 reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction, H2 production, water oxidation, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution. The book offers detailed information on the underlying mechanisms, costs, and synthetic methods of catalysts. Filled with authoritative and critical information on green catalytic processes that promise to answer many of our most pressing energy and environmental questions, this book also includes: Thorough introductions to electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, as well as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions Comprehensive explorations of electrocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction Practical discussions of photoelectrocatalytic H2 production, water splitting, and CO2 reduction In-depth examinations of photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution and nitrogen reduction Perfect for catalytic chemists and photochemists, Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes: Water Splitting, N2 Fixing, CO2 Reduction also belongs in the libraries of materials scientists and inorganic chemists seeking a one-stop resource on the novel aspects of photo-, electro-, and photoelectro-catalytic reactions.

Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction

Author : Pei Kang Shen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813360771
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction by : Pei Kang Shen

Download or read book Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction written by Pei Kang Shen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses systematically the theoretical research and the applications of electrochemical oxygen reduction. Oxygen reduction reaction is a common issue in electrochemistry, but is also an important process involved in the field of energy, cryogenic fuel cells, metal–air cells, oxygen sensors and hydrogen peroxide preparation. This book is divided into 6 chapters; it starts with a description of dynamic mechanisms, followed by a detailed introduction on the related experimental methods and related catalyst preparation technology. By providing the basic methods and testing techniques, and by demonstrating their applications, it helps readers gain a better understanding of oxygen reduction reactions, making it a valuable resource for the industrialization of scientific research achievements. Accordingly, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly graduate students, those working at universities and research organizations, and industrial researchers.

Advanced Materials for Clean Energy

Author : Qiang Xu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482205807
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Materials for Clean Energy by : Qiang Xu

Download or read book Advanced Materials for Clean Energy written by Qiang Xu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research for clean energy is booming, driven by the rapid depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns as well as the increasing growth of mobile electronic devices. Consequently, various research fields have focused on the development of high-performance materials for alternative energy technologies.Advanced Materials for Clean Ene

Functional Materials For Next-generation Rechargeable Batteries

Author : Jiangfeng Ni
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811230684
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Functional Materials For Next-generation Rechargeable Batteries by : Jiangfeng Ni

Download or read book Functional Materials For Next-generation Rechargeable Batteries written by Jiangfeng Ni and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-02-10 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over-consumption of fossil fuels has caused deficiency of limited resources and environmental pollution. Hence, deployment and utilization of renewable energy become an urgent need. The development of next-generation rechargeable batteries that store more energy and last longer has been significantly driven by the utilization of renewable energy.This book starts with principles and fundamentals of lithium rechargeable batteries, followed by their designs and assembly. The book then focuses on the recent progress in the development of advanced functional materials, as both cathode and anode, for next-generation rechargeable batteries such as lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, and zinc-ion batteries. One of the special features of this book is that both inorganic electrode materials and organic materials are included to meet the requirement of high energy density and high safety of future rechargeable batteries. In addition to traditional non-aqueous rechargeable batteries, detailed information and discussion on aqueous batteries and solid-state batteries are also provided.

Design of Efficient Cobalt-based Bi-functional Catalysts for Zinc-air Batteries

Author : Guihua Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Efficient Cobalt-based Bi-functional Catalysts for Zinc-air Batteries by : Guihua Liu

Download or read book Design of Efficient Cobalt-based Bi-functional Catalysts for Zinc-air Batteries written by Guihua Liu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its high theoretical specific energy and low-cost, rechargeable zinc-air batteries have attracted tremendous attention as a promising next-generation energy conversion system. However, there are some challenges that need to overcome before its practical application. One of the key issues is the slow reaction kinetics in the air cathode of the batteries towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This would cause insufficient charge/discharge efficiency and poor cycle stability of the batteries. Therefore, the development of efficient ORR-OER bi-functional electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and durability is essential for the development of rechargeable zinc-air batteries. In this work, a series of catalyst design strategies have been explored to improve the activity and durability of cobalt-based bi-functional catalysts especially under the oxidative condition of OER reaction. The latter would cause catalyst oxidation and aggregation, and therefore deteriorate the cycling performance of the bi-functional catalysts in zinc-air batteries. In the first study, a surface engineering approach was adopted to prepare efficient bi-functional catalyst consists of mildly oxidized, N-doped Co9S8 catalyst supported on N-doped reduce graphite oxide (O-N-Co9S8@N-RGO). The surface decorated electrocatalyst shows excellent activity for both ORR and OER, and maintains good stability over 900 charge-discharge cycles at 10 mA cm-2 in zinc-air battery. Interestedly, it was found that O-N-Co9S8 nanoparticles responsible for the OER reaction were completely converted into Co3O4 after OER reaction, indicating Co3O4 is the actual active phase for OER. On the basis of this observation, we propose and demonstrate that oxides in-situ generated cobalt oxides during OER reaction are more active than the directly calcined oxides. This work advances fundamental insight and the design of metal chalcogenides-based bi-functional "catalysts". On the recognition of the high catalytic activity of surface-engineered Co9S8 material, a three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous (3DOM) structured surface-engineered Co9S8 catalyst was developed to explore the benefits of the 3DOM structural design for its catalytic performance. Different from the N-RGO supported O-N-Co9S8, the 3DOM-Co9S8 catalyst is self-supported, which contains only an inner carbon layer within its mesoporous structure. Due to the 3D interconnected architecture and large surface area, the air electrode delivers excellent cell performance and cycling durability. However, the partial structure crush of N-Co9S8 after long-time OER testing was observed, demonstrating that the highly oxidative operating condition of rechargeable zinc-air batteries could cause significant structural integrity issues of porous chalcogenide electrocatalysts. Thus, in the last study, a new strategy focusing on the oxidation-resistive catalyst support design using oxygen vacancy (OV)-rich, low-bandgap semiconductor was proposed. The OVs promote the electrical conductivity of the semiconductor support, and at the same time offer a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). The SMSI enables the catalysts with small metal size, high catalytic activity, and high stability. This strategy is demonstrated by successfully synthesizing ultrafine Co metal decorated 3DOM titanium oxynitride (3DOM-Co@TiOxNy). The catalyst not only exhibits good ORR-OER activities, but also shows excellent cycling stability in alkaline conditions, e.g. less than 1% energy efficiency loss over 900 charge-discharge cycles at 20 mA cm-2. Theoretical calculation confirmed that the high stability of this catalyst is attributed to the strong SMSI between Co and 3DOM-TiOxNy. This study will provide an alternative strategy for the design of efficient and durable non-precious electrocatalysts using OV-rich semiconductors as support materials. In summary, a series of catalyst design strategies for efficient and durable bi-functional ORR-OER catalyst were developed in this work. It was found that NH3 treatment is an effective surface-engineering approach to develop highly active ORR-OER catalysts. The in-situ transformation or oxidation of Co9S8 into Co3O4 observed in post-OER analysis advanced our understanding of the chemical, structural transformation and real catalytic phase for OER "catalyst". Moreover, the results show that the 3DOM design of self-supported Co9S8 catalyst could also benefits the catalytic performance by facilitating the mass and electronic transportation within the 3DOM framework. Finally, based on our up-to-date understanding of the OV in semiconductor physics and heterogeneous catalysis, a novel bi-functional catalyst support design strategy was proposed and demonstrated using OV-rich TiOxNy semiconductor. Excellent cycling stability and activity performance of such semiconductor supported cobalt catalyst in rechargeable zinc-air batteries is achieved.