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Demand Analysis And Tax Reform In Pakistan
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Book Synopsis Demand Analysis and Tax Reform in Pakistan by : Angus Deaton
Download or read book Demand Analysis and Tax Reform in Pakistan written by Angus Deaton and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan, like many LDCs, derives most of government revenue from indirect taxation. However, the system of taxes and subsidies has grown up piecemeal over the years. Previous exercises in price reform for Pakistan have been forced to make very restrictive assumptions about consumer preferences, and have typically used demand systems that prejudge what are the desirable directions of price reform. In this paper, the methodology of Deaton (1988, 1991) is extended and applied to the 1984-85 Household Income and Expenditure Survey. A theory of quality variation based on separable preferences is developed, and the implications for welfare and empirical analysis laid out. The prices of oils and fats and of sugar do not vary very much in the survey data, and the symmetry and homogeneity restrictions from the theory play an important part in obtaining sharp estimates of own and cross-price elasticities. The parameter estimates suggest that there are significant cross-price elasticities between the high-calorie foods and the presence of these substitution patterns means that the effects of potential price reforms are quite different from those that would be estimated using the traditional assumptions. Based on demand patterns alone, it would be desirable to raise government revenue by raising the consumer price of rice. However, in Pakistan it is not generally possible to decouple the producer and consumer prices of rice.
Book Synopsis The Theory and Practice of Tax Reform in Developing Countries by : Ehtisham Ahmad
Download or read book The Theory and Practice of Tax Reform in Developing Countries written by Ehtisham Ahmad and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-07-26 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study on tax reform from basic economic principles with emphasis to guidelines for a practical tax reform for Pakistan.
Book Synopsis The Distributional Consequences of a Tax Reform on a VAT for Pakistan by : Ehtisham Ahmad
Download or read book The Distributional Consequences of a Tax Reform on a VAT for Pakistan written by Ehtisham Ahmad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policy tools, especially tax instruments, can be designed to increase revenues and at the same time protect the poor. The authors' method of estimating the consequences of tax reform shows, for example, that a value-added tax would make Pakistan's tax system more buoyant and reduce the production distortions inherent in Pakistan's current tax system - and not at the expense of the poor.
Author :Angus Deaton Publisher :Montréal : Université de Montréal, Dép. de sciences économiques ISBN 13 :9782893822976 Total Pages :25 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (229 download)
Book Synopsis Parametric and Non-parametric Approaches to Price and Tax Reform by : Angus Deaton
Download or read book Parametric and Non-parametric Approaches to Price and Tax Reform written by Angus Deaton and published by Montréal : Université de Montréal, Dép. de sciences économiques. This book was released on 1996 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the analysis of tax reform, when equity is traded off against efficiency, the measurement of the latter requires us to know how tax- induced price changes affect quantities supplied and demanded. In this paper, we present various econometric procedures for estimating how taxes affect demand. We examine advantages and disadvantages of parametric methods of tax reform analysis and suggest that the nonparametric àverage derivate estimator' is a useful alternative. We apply both parametric and nonparametric methods to analyze possible price reform for foods in rural Pakistan, and discuss the issues that remain to be dealt with in empirical welfare analyses
Book Synopsis Tax Morale What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax? by : OECD
Download or read book Tax Morale What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax? written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlocking what drives tax morale – the intrinsic willingness to pay tax – can greatly assist governments in the design of tax policies and their administration, particularly in developing countries where compliance rates are low. This report builds on previous OECD research to identify some of the key socio-economic and institutional drivers of tax morale across developing countries, and seeks to test for evidence of the social contract by examining the impact of public services on tax morale. It also uses new data on tax certainty as an entry point to explore tax morale in businesses, where existing research is very limited. Finally, the report identifies a range of factors related to the tax system that may affect business decision making, how they vary across regions, and suggests some areas for future research. Overall, the report provides a range of suggestions for further work, and how tax morale considerations can be integrated into holistic tax compliance strategies.
Book Synopsis Efficiency and Equity of a Marginal Tax Reform by : Alessandro Nicita
Download or read book Efficiency and Equity of a Marginal Tax Reform written by Alessandro Nicita and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms, 2 by : Aline Coudouel
Download or read book Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms, 2 written by Aline Coudouel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The analysis of the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being or welfare of different stakeholder groups, particularly on th e poor and vulnerable, has an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing countries. In recent years this type of work has been labeled as Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) and is increasingly implemented to promote evidence-based policy choices and foster debate on policy reform options. While information is available on the general approach, techniques, and tools for distributional analysis, each sector displays a series of specific characteristics. These have implications for the analysis of distributional impacts, including the types of impacts and transmission channels that warrant particular attention, the tools and techniques most appropriate, the data source typically utilized, and the range of political economy factors most likely to affect the reform process. This volume provides an overview of the specific issues arising in the analysis of the distributional impacts of policy and institutional reforms in selected sectors. Each chapter offers guidance on the selection of tools and techniques most adapted to the reforms under scrutiny, and offers examples of applications of these approaches. This is a companion to the first volume, which offers guidance on trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy, and education."
Book Synopsis The Analysis of Household Surveys by : Angus Deaton
Download or read book The Analysis of Household Surveys written by Angus Deaton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from several countries, including Cote d'Ivoire, India, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Thailand, this book analyzes household survey data from developing countries and illustrates how such data can be used to cast light on a range of short-term and long-term policy issues.
Book Synopsis The Analysis of Household Surveys (Reissue Edition with a New Preface) by : Angus Deaton
Download or read book The Analysis of Household Surveys (Reissue Edition with a New Preface) written by Angus Deaton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two decades after its original publication, The Analysis of Household Surveys is reissued with a new preface by its author, Sir Angus Deaton, recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. This classic work remains relevant to anyone with a serious interest in using household survey data to shed light on policy issues. The book reviews the analysis of household survey data, including the construction of household surveys, the econometric tools useful for such analysis, and a range of problems in development policy for which this survey analysis can be applied. Chapter 1 describes the features of survey design that need to be understood in order to undertake appropriate analysis. Chapter 2 discusses the general econometric and statistical issues that arise when using survey data for estimation and inference. Chapter 3 covers the use of survey data to measure welfare, poverty, and distribution. Chapter 4 focuses on the use of household budget data to explore patterns of household demand. Chapter 5 discusses price reform, its effects on equity and efficiency, and how to measure them. Chapter 6 addresses the role of household consumption and saving in economic development. The book includes an appendix providing code and programs using STATA, which can serve as a template for users' own analysis.
Book Synopsis Estimating Household Responses to Trade Reforms by : Guido Gustavo Porto
Download or read book Estimating Household Responses to Trade Reforms written by Guido Gustavo Porto and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper explores an empirical methodology to assess the impacts of trade reforms on household behavior in developing countries. It focuses on consumption and income responses: when price reforms take place, households modify consumption and production decisions and local labor markets adjust. The paper proposes a joint estimator of demand and wage price elasticities from survey data. The method uses an empirical model of demand to extract price information from unit values, and uses this information to estimate the response of households to price reforms.
Book Synopsis Globalisation and Poverty by : Maurizio Bussolo
Download or read book Globalisation and Poverty written by Maurizio Bussolo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-03-29 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction / Maurizio Bussolo and Jeffery Round -- The impact of structural reforms on poverty : a simple methodology with extensions / Neil McCulloch -- Trade liberalisation and poverty dynamics in Vietnam / Yoko Niimi, Puja Vasudeva-Dutta, and L. Alan Winters -- Globalisation and poverty : implications of South Asian experience for the wider debate / Jeffery Round and John Whalley -- Globalisation in developing countries : the role of transaction costs in explaining economic performance in India / Maurizio Bussolo and John Whalley -- Globalisation-poverty interactions in Bangladesh / Mustafa Mujeri and Bazlul Khondker -- Poverty and policy in a globalising economy : the case of Ghana / Maurizio Bussolo and Jeffery Round -- Trade liberalisation and poverty in Nepal : computable general equilibrium micro simulation analysis / John Cockburn -- Globalisation and poverty changes in Colombia / Maurizio Bussolo and Jann Lay.
Book Synopsis The Demand for Medical Care by : Masako Ii
Download or read book The Demand for Medical Care written by Masako Ii and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 293. Presents a conceptual framework for understanding the impact of health sector reforms in Central and Eastern Europe. The book analyzes the various factors involved in the reforms and presents strategies adopted by many countries of the region during the early phases of the transition era.
Book Synopsis Poverty, Household Food Security, and Nutrition in Rural Pakistan by : Harold Alderman
Download or read book Poverty, Household Food Security, and Nutrition in Rural Pakistan written by Harold Alderman and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1993 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a survey conducted on 800 households between 1986 and 1989.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Structural Reforms on Poverty by : Neil McCulloch
Download or read book The Impact of Structural Reforms on Poverty written by Neil McCulloch and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural reforms are often designed to change the prices of key goods and services. Since the overall intention of such reforms is the reduction of poverty, it is important to understand how the resulting price changes affect the poor. However, organizations seeking to provide timely advice to policymakers in developing countries often do not have the data and resources needed to undertake the most sophisticated approaches to such analysis. McCulloch outlines a simple methodology based on the analysis of household survey data to estimate the first-order impact of a variety of structural reforms. He also elaborates on the ways in which this methodology may be extended in a flexible way to account for particular features of a country in question. Finally, he outlines the direction of some extensions on the approach to tackle dynamics, risk, and qualitative poverty analysis.
Book Synopsis Constructing an Indicator of Consumption for the Analysis of Poverty by : Jesko Hentschel
Download or read book Constructing an Indicator of Consumption for the Analysis of Poverty written by Jesko Hentschel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper No. 123. This paper analyzes the determinants of demand for medical services in urban areas of Bolivia. It also examines the possible trade-offs between cost recovery and the use of health services for different age, sex, ethnic, and income groups. The data, drawn from a multipurpose household survey conducted by the World Bank and Bolivia's statistical office, are used in designing an econometric model to measure the price elasticity of demand for medical care.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Constructing Consumption Aggregates for Welfare Analysis by : Angus Deaton
Download or read book Guidelines for Constructing Consumption Aggregates for Welfare Analysis written by Angus Deaton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 2001, staff from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund met with the objective of strengthening collaboration between the two organizations in projects of civil service reform. This strengthened collaboration will have key benefits in ensuring consistency between the conflicting goals of the two organizations, establishing realistic objectives within the reform process, and maintaining a core set of wage and employment data. The principal conclusion arrived at was that World Bank and IMF staff should be engaging in collaboration earlier in the reform process. To guide the collaboration, six foundations were identified. These include: develop a medium-term fiscal framework; foster national ownership by making reforms politically feasible; focus and streamline conditionality; agree on sequencing and timing of reforms; and strengthen data collection. These principals will be tested for effectiveness in several focus countries.
