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Deformation Structures And Processes Within The Continental Crust
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Book Synopsis Deformation Structures and Processes within the Continental Crust by : S. Llana-Fúnez
Download or read book Deformation Structures and Processes within the Continental Crust written by S. Llana-Fúnez and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2014-06-04 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a selection of papers showing the current focus of studies of deformation structures and processes within the continental crust. The selected contributions use a large range of analytical techniques suited to the full range of structure sizes and fine-tuned to the physical process that controls the deformation, from the grain boundary at the micro-scale, the lithological contact at the meso-scale to the plate boundary at the global scale. The papers in the volume are grouped into three sections relating to specific lines of research within the analysis of rock deformation structures and processes, in particular in respect to the continental crust: structures within shear zones and faults; magmatic structures, and microstructures and rheology. These sections include papers describing field studies, experimental rock deformation and numerical modelling of deformation processes.
Download or read book Tectonics written by Eldridge M. Moores and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2014-07-23 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deformation of the Earth’s crust happens at a multitude of scales, ranging from submicroscopic to planetary. Tectonics explores structures and processes from regional to global, differentiating itself from the material covered in most structural geology textbooks. Moores and Twiss emphasize basic principles and methodologies of tectonics, embracing the time-honored perspective of using present processes to understand the past. Comprehensive in scope and detail, coverage includes the effects of plate motions and reconstructions and the resultant structures associated with active rift, transform, and subduction boundaries as well as triple junctions and collision zones; deformations of both the ocean basins and the continents; and orogenic belts. Moores and Twiss present tectonics as an open-ended field of study in which assumptions can be challenged and interpretations changed. The authors emphasize the use of models as a means of understanding observations and putting them in context to maintain a distinction between what we know from observing the Earth and what we infer from interpretation.
Book Synopsis 4-D Framework of Continental Crust by : Robert D. Hatcher
Download or read book 4-D Framework of Continental Crust written by Robert D. Hatcher and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2007 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book contains landmark papers on the processes of formation of continental crust from its beginnings in the Archean to modern processes, as well as discussions of several ancient and modern orogenic belts. The book is international in scope, with contributions from geoscientists dealing with crustal processes on five continents, and articles from more than 50 non-U.S. authors and co-authors."--Publisher's website.
Book Synopsis Rock Deformation from Field, Experiments and Theory by : Daniel R. Faulkner
Download or read book Rock Deformation from Field, Experiments and Theory written by Daniel R. Faulkner and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ernie Rutter has made, and continues to make, a significant impact in the field of rock deformation. He has studied brittle and plastic deformation processes that occur within both the oceanic and continental crust, as well as other key properties such as the permeability and seismic velocities of these rocks. His approach has been one that integrates field observations, laboratory experiments and theoretical analyses. This volume celebrates Ernie's key contribution to rock deformation and structural geology by bringing together a collection of papers that represent this broad approach. The papers within the volume address key issues that remain within these fields. These range from fundamental studies of brittle and plastic behaviour, along with the resultant structures and microstructures from both the field and laboratory, to applied problems where a better understanding of the deformation and properties of the crust is still needed.
Book Synopsis Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins by : Garry D. Karner
Download or read book Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins written by Garry D. Karner and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2004-03-24 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, investigations of the rheology and deformation of the lithosphere (the rigid or mechanically strong outer layer of the Earth, which contains the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle) have taken place at one scale in the laboratory and at an entirely different scale in the field. Laboratory experiments are generally restricted to centimeter-sized samples and day- or year-length times, while geological processes occur over tens to hundreds of kilometers and millions of years. The application of laboratory results to geological systems necessitates extensive extrapolation in both temporal and spatial scales, as well as a detailed understanding of the dominant physical mechanisms. The development of an understanding of large-scale processes requires an integrated approach. This book explores the current cutting-edge interdisciplinary research in lithospheric rheology and provides a broad summary of the rheology and deformation of the continental lithosphere in both extensional and compressional settings. Individual chapters explore contemporary research resulting from laboratory, observational, and theoretical experiments.
Book Synopsis Deformation of the Continental Crust by : M. P. Coward
Download or read book Deformation of the Continental Crust written by M. P. Coward and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2007 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Continental Basin and Orogenic Processes: Deep Structure, Tectonic Deformation, and Dynamics by : Hanlin Chen
Download or read book Continental Basin and Orogenic Processes: Deep Structure, Tectonic Deformation, and Dynamics written by Hanlin Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-04 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust by : Michael Brown
Download or read book Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust written by Michael Brown and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-02-27 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary of recent research covering experimental methods and numerical modelling, for graduate students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Current Topics in Structural Geology by : P. L. Hancock
Download or read book Current Topics in Structural Geology written by P. L. Hancock and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Topics in Structural Geology is a collection of invited papers on particular topics of interest in structural geology, from field-based problems on the scale of terranes to microstructures in nature and experiment. Contributors also explore earthquake faulting; S-C mylonites; tectonics and hydrogeology of accretionary prisms; deformation mechanisms; transparent polycrystals; shape and lattice preferred orientations; and mushroom-shaped diapirs. This text is comprised of 13 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to shallow crustal earthquakes and the structural geology of fault zones. The first chapter also emphasizes the seismogenic regime, strike-slip earthquake rupture processes, structural questions posed by seismology, and mesothermal gold-quartz lodes hosted in steeply inclined shear zones of mixed 'brittle-ductile' character. Discussion then turns to normal faulting in the upper continental crust, along with the application of a method based primarily on fault slip data analysis to determine paleostress in terms of orientation and magnitude. The mechanical behavior and deformation textures of simulated halite shear zones are considered, with special regard to the internal structures of S-C mylonites and their mechanical implications. The remaining chapters examine the role of decollement zone in the tectonics and hydrogeology of accretionary prisms; synkinematic microscopy of transparent polycrystals; and the origin of metamorphic core complexes and detachment faults formed during Tertiary continental extension in the northern Colorado River region. This book is intended primarily for students and practitioners of structural geology.
Book Synopsis Deformation Microstructures and Mechanisms in Minerals and Rocks by : Tom G. Blenkinsop
Download or read book Deformation Microstructures and Mechanisms in Minerals and Rocks written by Tom G. Blenkinsop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a systematic guide to the recognition and interpretation of deformation microstructures and mechanisms in minerals and rocks at the scale of a thin section. Diagnostic features of microstructures and mechanisms are emphasized, and the subject is extensively illustrated with high-quality color and black and white photomicrographs, and many clear diagrams. After introducing three main classes of deformation microstructures and mechanisms, low- to high-grade deformation is presented in a logical sequence in Chapters 2 to 5. Magmatic/submagmatic deformation, shear sense indicators, and shock microstructures and metamorphism are described in Chapters 6 to 8, which are innovative chapters in a structural geology textbook. The final chapter shows how deformation microstructures and mechanisms can be used quantitatively to understand the behavior of the earth. Recent experimental research on failure criteria, frictional sliding laws, and flow laws is summarized in tables, and palaeopiezometry is discussed. Audience: This book is essential to all practising structural and tectonic geologists who use thin sections, and is an invaluable research tool for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, lecturers and researchers in structural geology and tectonics.
Download or read book Physical Geology written by Steven Earle and published by . This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a discount Black and white version. Some images may be unclear, please see BCCampus website for the digital version.This book was born out of a 2014 meeting of earth science educators representing most of the universities and colleges in British Columbia, and nurtured by a widely shared frustration that many students are not thriving in courses because textbooks have become too expensive for them to buy. But the real inspiration comes from a fascination for the spectacular geology of western Canada and the many decades that the author spent exploring this region along with colleagues, students, family, and friends. My goal has been to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to the important topics of geology, richly illustrated with examples from western Canada. Although this text is intended to complement a typical first-year course in physical geology, its contents could be applied to numerous other related courses.
Book Synopsis Crustal Structure of Rifted and Convergent Margins by : Daniel Lizarralde
Download or read book Crustal Structure of Rifted and Convergent Margins written by Daniel Lizarralde and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the most important processes that create and modify continental crust occur at continental margins, but recently has the scientific community acquired the necessary intrumentation to image crustal structure across margins in detail. In this thesis we investigate the crustal structure across the U.S. East Coast rifted margin and the convergent margin of southwestern Alaska using modern, deep-penetrating marine seismic reflection/refraction data. We consider U.S. East Coast margin transects along the shelf offshore Georgia and across the mid-Atlantic margin near Chesapeak bay. Results by other workers, based on data from these transects, have shown that voluminous volcanism accompanied formation of the rifted margin during continental breakup. Results presented in this thesis constrain the landward extent of rift-related magmatic emplacement. We find that magmatic intrusion and underplating of pre-existing continental crust occurs primarily in extended crust and that crustal extension is focused in a 75-km-wide region beneath the shelf and slope. The crust thinned by 50 to 80% within this interval and then seafloor spreading began with an unusually large volume of igneous crust production. The initial volcanic extrusives were emplaced subaerially and are now present beneath the sediments in a thick seaward-dipping wedge. We use post-stack depth migration to image this wedge and use the resulting image to consider the early subsidence of the margin. The geometry of the subaerially extruded rift volcanics suggest that the margin subsided rapidly once volncanism began. We infer from the subsidence, the along-margin distribution of magmatic material, and the across-margin localization of magmatic emplacement and deformation that the U.S. East Coast rift volcanics had an anomalously-hot mantle source whose distribution beneath the lithosphere prior to rifting was long (the length of the margin) but not deep. We speculate that the distribution of this material was controlled by topography at the base of the lithosphere inherited from the Paleozoic collision of North America and Africa. Our analysis of the southwestern Alaska convergent margin is based on data from the 1994 Aleutian seismic experiment. The crust of most of Alaska has been built through terrane accretion and arc magmatism, and this experiment was conducted to study the evolution of continental crust through these processes. We consider transects across the westernmost Alaska Peninsula margin, where subduction is occurring beneath protocontinental crust composed of oceanic-arc terranes accreted in the Cretaceous, and across Bristol Bay in the back arc region where the crust has undergone a number of geologic events since accretion. Across the Peninsula, we find that the velocity structure of the accreted terranes differs little from that of the Cenozoic Aleutian oceanic-arc crust west of the Peninsula determined along another transect of this experiment. The accreted oceanicarc terranes are considerably more mafic than continental crust and the process of accretion has apparently not modified the bulk composition of these terranes toward that of average continental crust. It is possible that Cenozoic arc magmatism has been more felsic in composition than that which formed the accreted terranes and the Aleutian oceanic arc to the west, and that these magmas have been emplaced primarily within the crust inboard of the accreted terranes which lie south of the currently active arc. The geology of the Bristol Bay region suggests that the crustal components here had an origin similar to that of the Alaska Peninsula margin- that is, accreted terranes. We find, however, that the crust beneath Bristol Bay has a typically continental velocity structure. If this crust originally had a structure similar to the Alaska Peninsula margin, then at least two processes must have occured to affect the transformation to its current structure: crustal thickening and removal of the mafic lower crust. The geologic events that have affected this region since accretion are consistent with such and evolution.
Book Synopsis Sedimentary Basins and Crustal Processes at Continental Margins by : G.M. Gibson
Download or read book Sedimentary Basins and Crustal Processes at Continental Margins written by G.M. Gibson and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continental margins and their fossilized analogues are important repositories of natural resources. With better processing techniques and increased availability of high-resolution seismic and potential field data, imaging of present-day continental margins and their embedded sedimentary basins has reached unprecedented levels of refinement and definition, as illustrated by examples described in this volume. This, in turn, has led to greatly improved geological, geodynamic and numerical models for the crustal and mantle processes involved in continental margin formation from the initial stages of rifting through continental rupture and break-up to development of a new ocean basin. Further informing these models, and contributing to a better understanding of the features imaged in the seismic and potential field data, are observations made on fossilized fragments of exhumed subcontinental mantle lithosphere and ocean–continent transition zones preserved in ophiolites and orogenic belts of both Palaeozoic and Mesozoic age from several different continents, including Europe, South Asia and Australasia.
Book Synopsis Earth’s Crust and Its Evolution by : Mualla Cengiz
Download or read book Earth’s Crust and Its Evolution written by Mualla Cengiz and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-10-12 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite decades of study, fundamental aspects of the development of the Earth’s crust remain enigmatic. This book presents geophysical and geological studies obtained from different tectonic structures and geological time intervals. It contains three sections: “Crustal Evolution and Tectonic Problems”, “Geophysical Methods in Geological Applications” and “Seismic Forecasting, Seismotectonics and Geodynamic Evolution of the Himalayan Belt”. Chapters address such topics as the evolution of tectonic structures of Earth, how geophysical and geological data can be used for modelling this evolution, and the geodynamic processes in the Earth’s crust with the present tectonic activity.
Book Synopsis Lithospheric Discontinuities by : Huaiyu Yuan
Download or read book Lithospheric Discontinuities written by Huaiyu Yuan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary update on continental plate tectonics and plate boundary discontinuities Understanding the origin and evolution of the continental crust continues to challenge Earth scientists. Lithospheric Discontinuities offers a multidisciplinary review of fine scale layering within the continental lithosphere to aid the interpretation of geologic layers. Once Earth scientists can accurately decipher the history, internal dynamics, and evolution of the continental lithosphere, we will have a clearer understanding of how the crust formed, how plate tectonics began, and how our continents became habitable. Volume highlights: Theories and observations of the current state of tectonic boundaries and discontinuities Contributions on field observations, laboratory experiments, and geodynamic predictions from leading experts in the field Mantle fabrics in response to various mantle deformation processes Insights on fluid distribution using geophysical observations, and thermal and viscosity constraints from dynamic modeling Discontinuities associated with lithosphere and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary An integrated study of the evolving physical and chemical processes associated with lithosphere asthenosphere interaction Written for academic and researchgeoscientists, particularly in the field of tectonophysics, geophysicists, geodynamics, seismology, structural geology, environmental geology, and geoengineering, Lithospheric Discontinuities is a valuable resource that sheds light on the origin and evolution of plate interaction processes.
Book Synopsis Continental Deformation by : Paul L. Hancock
Download or read book Continental Deformation written by Paul L. Hancock and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1994 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains clearly and concisely the essential attributes of new concepts that have arisen during the last twenty years in structural geology and tectonics. Deformational and tectonic processes and relationships on all scales are discussed. Site or time specific assemblages are not emphasised with the exceptions of Archaean tectonics and neotectonics. The new nomenclature that has proliferated as a result of the need to express new ideas is highlighted.
Book Synopsis Continental-Crust Structures on the Continental Margin of Western North America by : Henry V. Lyatsky
Download or read book Continental-Crust Structures on the Continental Margin of Western North America written by Henry V. Lyatsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-10 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NE Pacific Ocean is considered the birthplace of many fundamental ideas for modern plate tectonics theory. In this book the orogenic belts of this region are discussed in a single, internally consistent tectonic concept. Geological information is considered the most reliable. Geophysical models are tested for compatibility with observable geological data. The new concept avoids force-fitting interpretations to preconceived assumptions regarding accreted far-traveled terranes in the Cordillera and continental-oceanic plate interactions in the entire region.
