Cracks in superalloys

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Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176853853
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Cracks in superalloys by : Jonas Saarimäki

Download or read book Cracks in superalloys written by Jonas Saarimäki and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbines are widely used in industry for power generation and as a power source at hard to reach locations where other possibilities for electrical power supplies are insufficient. New ways of producing greener energy is needed to reduce emission levels. This can be achieved by increasing the combustion temperature of gas turbines. High combustion temperatures can be detrimental and degrade critical components. This raises the demands on the high temperature performance of the superalloys used in gas turbine components. These components are frequently subjected to different cyclic loads combined with for example dwell-times and overloads at elevated temperatures, which can influence the crack growth. Dwell-times have been shown to accelerate crack growth and change cracking behaviour in both Inconel 718, Haynes 282 and Hastelloy X. On the other hand, overloads at the beginning of a dwell-time cycle have been shown to retard the dwell-time effect on crack growth in Inconel 718. More experiments and microstructural investigations are needed to better understand these effects. The work presented in this thesis was conducted under the umbrella of the research program Turbo Power; "High temperature fatigue crack propagation in nickel-based superalloys", where I have mainly looked at fatigue crack growth mechanisms in superalloys subjected to dwell-fatigue, which can have a devastating effect on crack propagation behaviour. Mechanical testing was performed under operation-like cycles in order to achieve representative microstructures and material data for the subsequent microstructural work. Microstructures were investigated using light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques such as electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The outcome of this work has shown that there is a significant increase in crack growth rate when dwell-times are introduced at maximum load (0 % overload) in the fatigue cycle. With the introduction of a dwell-time there is also a shift from transgranular to intergranular crack growth for both Inconel 718 and Haynes 282. The crack growth rate decreases with increasing overload levels in Inconel 718 when an overload is applied prior to the dwell-time. At high temperature, intergranular crack growth was observed in Inconel 718 as a result of oxidation and the creation of nanometric voids. Another observed growth mechanism was crack advance along ?-phase boundaries with subsequent oxidation of the ?-phase. This thesis comprises two parts. Part I gives an introduction to the field of superalloys and the acting microstructural mechanisms related to fatigue and crack propagation. Part II consists of five appended papers, which report the work completed as part of the project.

Effect of Dwell-times on Crack Propagation in Superalloys

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Author :
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176858715
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Dwell-times on Crack Propagation in Superalloys by : Jonas Saarimäki

Download or read book Effect of Dwell-times on Crack Propagation in Superalloys written by Jonas Saarimäki and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbines are widely used in industry for power generation and as a power source at "hard to reach" locations where other possibilities for electrical supply are insufficient. There is a strong need for greener energy, considering the effect that pollution has had on global warming, and we need to come up with ways of producing cleaner electricity. A way to achieve this is by increasing the combustion temperature in gas turbines. This increases the demand on the high temperature performance of the materials used e.g. superalloys in the turbine. These high combustion temperatures can lead to detrimental degradation of critical components. These components are commonly subjected to cyclic loading of different types e.g. combined with dwell-times and overloads at elevated temperatures, which influence the crack growth. Dwell-times have shown to accelerate crack growth and change the cracking behaviour in both Inconel 718 and Haynes 282. Overloads at the beginning of the dwell-time cycle have shown to retard the dwell time effect on crack growth in Inconel 718. To understand these effects more microstructural investigations are needed. The work presented in this licentiate thesis was conducted under the umbrella of the research program Turbo Power; "High temperature fatigue crack propagation in nickel-based superalloys", concentrating on fatigue crack growth mechanisms in superalloys during dwell-times, which have shown to have a devastating effect on the crack propagation behaviour. Mechanical testing was performed under operation-like conditions in order to achieve representative microstructures and material data for the subsequent microstructural work. The microstructures were microscopically investigated in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) as well as using light optical microscopy. The outcome of this work has shown that there is a significant increase in crack growth rate when dwell-times are introduced at the maximum load (0% overload) in the fatigue cycle. With the introduction of a dwell-time there is also a shift from transgranular to intergranular crack growth for both Inconel 718 and Haynes 282. When an overload is applied prior to the dwell-time, the crack growth rate decreases with increasing overload levels in Inconel 718. At high temperature crack growth in Inconel 718 took place as intergranular crack growth along grain boundaries due to oxidation and the creation of nanometric voids. Another observed growth mechanism was crack advance along phase boundaries with subsequent severe oxidation of the phase. This thesis comprises two parts. The first giving an introduction to the field of superalloys and the acting microstructural mechanisms that influence fatigue during dwell times. The second part consists of two appended papers, which report the work completed so far in the project.

Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080456898
Total Pages : 956 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook by : Meherwan P. Boyce

Download or read book Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook written by Meherwan P. Boyce and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook has been the standard for engineers involved in the design, selection, and operation of gas turbines. This revision includes new case histories, the latest techniques, and new designs to comply with recently passed legislation. By keeping the book up to date with new, emerging topics, Boyce ensures that this book will remain the standard and most widely used book in this field. The new Third Edition of the Gas Turbine Engineering Hand Book updates the book to cover the new generation of Advanced gas Turbines. It examines the benefit and some of the major problems that have been encountered by these new turbines. The book keeps abreast of the environmental changes and the industries answer to these new regulations. A new chapter on case histories has been added to enable the engineer in the field to keep abreast of problems that are being encountered and the solutions that have resulted in solving them. - Comprehensive treatment of Gas Turbines from Design to Operation and Maintenance. In depth treatment of Compressors with emphasis on surge, rotating stall, and choke; Combustors with emphasis on Dry Low NOx Combustors; and Turbines with emphasis on Metallurgy and new cooling schemes. An excellent introductory book for the student and field engineers - A special maintenance section dealing with the advanced gas turbines, and special diagnostic charts have been provided that will enable the reader to troubleshoot problems he encounters in the field - The third edition consists of many Case Histories of Gas Turbine problems. This should enable the field engineer to avoid some of these same generic problems

Nickel Base Single Crystals Across Length Scales

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128193581
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Nickel Base Single Crystals Across Length Scales by : Loeïz Nazé

Download or read book Nickel Base Single Crystals Across Length Scales written by Loeïz Nazé and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nickel Base Single Crystals Across Length Scales is addresses the most advanced knowledge in metallurgy and computational mechanics and how they are applied to superalloys used as bare materials or with a thermal barrier coating system. Joining both aspects, the book helps readers understand the mechanisms driving properties and their evolution from fundamental to application level. These guidelines are helpful for students and researchers who wish to understand issues and solutions, optimize materials, and model them in a cross-check analysis, from the atomistic to component scale. The book is useful for students and engineers as it explores processing, characterization and design. - Provides an up-to-date overview on the field of superalloys - Covers the relationship between microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior at high temperatures - Discusses both basic and advanced modeling and characterization techniques - Includes case studies that illustrate the application of techniques presented in the book

Non-Linear Mechanics of Materials

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048133564
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-Linear Mechanics of Materials by : Jacques Besson

Download or read book Non-Linear Mechanics of Materials written by Jacques Besson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In mechanical engineering and structural analysis there is a significant gap between the material models currently used by engineers for industry applications and those already available in research laboratories. This is especially apparent with the huge progress of computational possibilities and the corresponding dissemination of numerical tools in engineering practice, which essentially deliver linear solutions. Future improvements of design and life assessment methods necessarily involve non-linear solutions for inelastic responses, in plasticity or viscoplasticity, as well as damage and fracture analyses. The dissemination of knowledge can be improved by software developments, data base completion and generalization, but also by information and training. With such a perspective Non-Linear Mechanics of Materials proposes a knowledge actualization, in order to better understand and use recent material constitutive and damage modeling methods in the context of structural analysis or multiscale material microstructure computations.

Superalloys

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Publisher : ASM International
ISBN 13 : 1615030646
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Superalloys by : Matthew J. Donachie

Download or read book Superalloys written by Matthew J. Donachie and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers virtually all technical aspects related to the selection, processing, use, and analysis of superalloys. The text of this new second edition has been completely revised and expanded with many new figures and tables added. In developing this new edition, the focus has been on providing comprehensive and practical coverage of superalloys technology. Some highlights include the most complete and up-to-date presentation available on alloy melting. Coverage of alloy selection provides many tips and guidelines that the reader can use in identifying an appropriate alloy for a specific application. The relation of properties and microstructure is covered in more detail than in previous books.

ASM Specialty Handbook

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Publisher : ASM International
ISBN 13 : 9780871705969
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis ASM Specialty Handbook by : Joseph R. Davis

Download or read book ASM Specialty Handbook written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials covered include carbon, alloy and stainless steels; alloy cast irons; high-alloy cast steels; superalloys; titanium and titanium alloys; refractory metals and alloys; nickel-chromium and nickel-thoria alloys; structural intermetallics; structural ceramics, cermets, and cemented carbides; and carbon-composites.

The Gas Turbine Handbook

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0881734144
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gas Turbine Handbook by : Tony Giampaolo

Download or read book The Gas Turbine Handbook written by Tony Giampaolo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Residual Stress

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1461395704
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Residual Stress by : Ismail C. Noyan

Download or read book Residual Stress written by Ismail C. Noyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Plasticity of Crystals With Special Reference to Metals

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Publisher : Hassell Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781013828942
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Plasticity of Crystals With Special Reference to Metals by : Erich Schmid

Download or read book Plasticity of Crystals With Special Reference to Metals written by Erich Schmid and published by Hassell Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Powder Metallurgy Alloys

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Powder Metallurgy Alloys by : P. Ramakrishnan

Download or read book Powder Metallurgy Alloys written by P. Ramakrishnan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-11 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Superalloys

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Superalloys by : Chester Thomas Sims

Download or read book The Superalloys written by Chester Thomas Sims and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1972 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Jet Propulsion

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521541442
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (414 download)

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Book Synopsis Jet Propulsion by : N. A. Cumpsty

Download or read book Jet Propulsion written by N. A. Cumpsty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-08-14 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of Cumpsty's excellent self-contained introduction to the aerodynamic and thermodynamic design of modern civil and military jet engines. Through two engine design projects, first for a new large passenger aircraft, and second for a new fighter aircraft, the text introduces, illustrates and explains the important facets of modern engine design. Individual sections cover aircraft requirements and aerodynamics, principles of gas turbines and jet engines, elementary compressible fluid mechanics, bypass ratio selection, scaling and dimensional analysis, turbine and compressor design and characteristics, design optimization, and off-design performance. The book emphasises principles and ideas, with simplification and approximation used where this helps understanding. This edition has been thoroughly updated and revised, and includes a new appendix on noise control and an expanded treatment of combustion emissions. Suitable for student courses in aircraft propulsion, but also an invaluable reference for engineers in the engine and airframe industry.

Elevated Temperature Crack Growth

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780791805442
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Elevated Temperature Crack Growth by : S. Mall

Download or read book Elevated Temperature Crack Growth written by S. Mall and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gas Turbine Engineering

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781635491319
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (913 download)

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Book Synopsis Gas Turbine Engineering by : Zachary Morgan

Download or read book Gas Turbine Engineering written by Zachary Morgan and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science of gas turbines is an ancient one and is being evolving ever since its discovery. The rise of new technology has positively affected the development process of this technology. Gas turbines are internal combustion engine. They are used to power ships, tanks, aircrafts, trains and even electric generators. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of gas turbine technology. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of gas turbines. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core subjects of this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this textbook an invaluable source of knowledge. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.