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Cultivating A Culture Of Experimentation In Higher Education Teaching And Learning
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Book Synopsis Cultivating a Culture of Experimentation in Higher-education Teaching and Learning by : Robert Kordts
Download or read book Cultivating a Culture of Experimentation in Higher-education Teaching and Learning written by Robert Kordts and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As indicated by the diversity of the authors' physical locations, COVID and emergency-remote teaching affected Higher-Education-Institutions at a nearly global scale. Authors in this issue come from European countries (Switzerland, Germany), North America (the USA) as well as the southern hemisphere (South Africa). Given the breadth of COVID-related (change) experiences, the insights presented in this issue can be relevant to many HEIs across the globe, notwithstanding their cultural and institutional specificities. In addition, and of high relevance to us, the articles collected here focus both on different positions or roles (students, faculty, management) as well as on different levels of teaching and learning in higher education. While most contributions focus on the student experience during COVID, others investigate faculty/instructors' perspectives including faculty development. Yet another group takes a more systemic, institutional point of view. It could be argued that higher-education research takes up a multi-level perspective when exploring change and the new normal.
Book Synopsis Reshaping Entrepreneurial Education Within an Industry 4.0 Context by : Naidoo, Vannie
Download or read book Reshaping Entrepreneurial Education Within an Industry 4.0 Context written by Naidoo, Vannie and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-01-17 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Higher education is constantly changing and advancing, and the integration of technology and its transformative potential remains elusive for many universities globally. While other industries have surged forward with digitization, higher education has been slow to completely embrace technology-driven outcomes. Reshaping Entrepreneurial Education Within an Industry 4.0 Context sheds light on the barriers preventing widespread technological adoption and the profound changes that Industry 4.0 brings to education. As the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, continues to unfold, this book delves into how this phenomenon is reshaping the field of education. This book presents a comprehensive analysis of how digital technology and capabilities are becoming integral to building more flexible and adaptive tertiary education systems in regions like Latin America and the Caribbean. It also highlights the challenges faced by online learning and the urgent need for a fundamental rethinking of higher education to ensure equal access to quality education. This publication addresses a diverse audience, making it an essential resource for students, academicians, and higher education administrators seeking an in-depth understanding of Reshaping Entrepreneurial Education Within an Industry 4.0 Context. For practitioners, it provides valuable insights to enrich their work in the realm of higher education. The book covers a broad spectrum of key themes, including the impact of the 4th industrial revolution on entrepreneurial education, the transformative power of online learning in global universities, and the hurdles faced in adopting digital education. Additionally, the experts behind this research delve into how information and communication technologies (ICTs) are influencing educational policies and teaching methods worldwide, as well as the role of metaverse technologies in designing curricula for entrepreneurial education.
Book Synopsis High-impact Educational Practices by : George D. Kuh
Download or read book High-impact Educational Practices written by George D. Kuh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication¿the latest report from AAC&U¿s Liberal Education and America¿s Promise (LEAP) initiative¿defines a set of educational practices that research has demonstrated have a significant impact on student success. Author George Kuh presents data from the National Survey of Student Engagement about these practices and explains why they benefit all students, but also seem to benefit underserved students even more than their more advantaged peers. The report also presents data that show definitively that underserved students are the least likely students, on average, to have access to these practices.
Book Synopsis Global Innovation of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education by : Prudence C. Layne
Download or read book Global Innovation of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education written by Prudence C. Layne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines current trends in higher education and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. It introduces readers to pedagogical strategies that instructors worldwide are using to overcome some of the challenges they face in higher education. To maximize their students’ learning, this work argues that institutions are compelled to innovate their policies and instructors must be collaborative and creative in their practices in response to students’ growing demands, needs, challenges to their learning, and the shifting terrain of a rapidly globalizing world. The text explores the idiosyncrasies and challenges that drive innovation across particular cultures, disciplines and institutions. It suggests that the responses to these drivers offer some universal and compatible lessons that not only optimize teaching and learning, but also transgress institutional, cultural, and disciplinary boundaries in higher education. The contributors to this collection work in the United States, the United Kingdom, Africa, Asia, Australia, Scandinavia and the Middle East. They represent a broad range of disciplines, fields and institutional types. They teach in varied contexts, durations, delivery modes, and formats, including online, study abroad, blended, accelerated, condensed, intensive and mortar-and-brick settings. Their higher education students are equally as diverse, in age, cultural backgrounds and needs, but willingly lend their voices and experiences to their instructors’ study of teaching and learning in their particular contexts. This book harnesses the rich diversities and range our contributors represent and shares the results of their expertise, research, and assessments of some of the most creative and effective ways to improve student learning in the face of stagnant practices, limited resources, and other deficiencies that instructors and students face in higher education.
Book Synopsis Advancing the Culture of Teaching on Campus by : Constance Ewing Cook
Download or read book Advancing the Culture of Teaching on Campus written by Constance Ewing Cook and published by Stylus Pub Llc. This book was released on 2011 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the director and staff of the first, and one of the largest, teaching centers in American higher education - the University of Michigan's Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT) - this book offers a unique perspective on the strategies for making a teaching center integral to an institution's educational mission. It presents a comprehensive vision for running a wide range of related programs, and provides faculty developers elsewhere with ideas and material to prompt reflection on the management and practices of their centers - whatever their size - and on how best to create a culture of teaching on their campuses. Given that only about a fifth of all U.S. postsecondary institutions have a teaching center, this book also offers a wealth of ideas and models for those administrators who are considering the development of new centers on their campuses. Topics covered include: * The role of the director, budgetary strategies, and operational principles * Strategies for using evaluation to enhance and grow a teaching center * Relationships with center constituencies: faculty, provost, deans, and department chairs * Engagement with curricular reform and assessment * Strengthening diversity through faculty development * Engaging faculty in effective use of instructional technology * Using student feedback for instructional improvement * Using action research to improve teaching and learning * Incorporating role play and theatre in faculty development * Developing graduate students as consultants * Preparing future faculty for teaching * The challenges of faculty development at a research university In the concluding chapter, to provide additional context about the issues that teaching centers face today, twenty experienced center directors who operate in similar environments share their main challenges, and the strategies they have developed to overcome them through innovative programming and careful management of their resources. Their contributions fall into four broad categories: institutional-level challenges, engaging faculty and students and supporting engaged pedagogy, discipline-specific programming, and programming to address specific instructor career stages.
Book Synopsis Experimentation Works by : Stefan H. Thomke
Download or read book Experimentation Works written by Stefan H. Thomke and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Don't fly blind. See how the power of experiments works for you. When it comes to improving customer experiences, trying out new business models, or developing new products, even the most experienced managers often get it wrong. They discover that intuition, experience, and big data alone don't work. What does? Running disciplined business experiments. And what if companies roll out new products or introduce new customer experiences without running these experiments? They fly blind. That's what Harvard Business School professor Stefan Thomke shows in this rigorously researched and eye-opening book. It guides you through best practices in business experimentation, illustrates how these practices work at leading companies, and answers some fundamental questions: What makes a good experiment? How do you test in online and brick-and-mortar businesses? In B2B and B2C? How do you build an experimentation culture? Also, best practice means running many experiments. Indeed, some hugely successful companies, such as Amazon, Booking.com, and Microsoft, run tens of thousands of controlled experiments annually, engaging millions of users. Thomke shows us how these and many other organizations prove that experimentation provides significant competitive advantage. How can managers create this capability at their own companies? Essential is developing an experimentation organization that prizes the science of testing and puts the discipline of experimentation at the center of its innovation process. While it once took companies years to develop the tools for such large-scale experiments, advances in technology have put these tools at the fingertips of almost any business professional. By combining the power of software and the rigor of controlled experiments, today's managers can make better decisions, create magical customer experiences, and generate big financial returns. Experimentation Works is your guidebook to a truly new way of thinking and innovating.
Book Synopsis A New Culture of Learning by : Douglas Thomas
Download or read book A New Culture of Learning written by Douglas Thomas and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twenty-first century is a world in constant change. In A New Culture of Learning, Doug Thomas and John Seely Brown pursue an understanding of how the forces of change, and emerging waves of interest associated with these forces, inspire and invite us to imagine a future of learning that is as powerful as it is optimistic. Typically, when we think of culture, we think of an existing, stable entity that changes and evolves over long periods of time. In A New Culture, Thomas and Brown explore a second sense of culture, one that responds to its surroundings organically. It not only adapts, it integrates change into its process as one of its environmental variables. By exploring play, innovation, and the cultivation of the imagination as cornerstones of learning, the authors create a vision of learning for the future that is achievable, scalable and one that grows along with the technology that fosters it and the people who engage with it. The result is a new form of culture in which knowledge is seen as fluid and evolving, the personal is both enhanced and refined in relation to the collective, and the ability to manage, negotiate and participate in the world is governed by the play of the imagination. Replete with stories, this is a book that looks at the challenges that our education and learning environments face in a fresh way. PRAISE FOR A NEW CULTURE OF LEARNING "A provocative and extremely important new paradigm of a 'culture of learning', appropriate for a world characterized by continual change. This is a must read for anyone interested in the future of education." James J. Duderstadt, President Emeritus, University of Michigan "Thomas and Brown are the John Dewey of the digital age." Cathy Davidson, Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies, Duke University "A New Culture of Learning may provide for the digital media and learning movement what Thomas Paine's Common Sense did for the colonists during the American Revolution- a straightforward, direct explanation of what we are fighting for and what we are fighting against." Henry Jenkins, Provost's Professor, USC "A New Culture of Learning is at once persuasive and optimistic - a combination that is all too rare, but that flows directly from its authors' insights about learning in the digital age. Pearls of wisdom leap from almost every page." Paul Courant, Dean of Libraries, University of Michigan "Brilliant. Insightful. Revolutionary." Marcia Conner, author of The New Social Learning "Douglas Thomas and John Seely Brown portray the new world of learning gracefully, vividly, and convincingly." Howard Gardner, Professor, Harvard Graduate School of Education "Thomas and Brown make it clear that education is too often a mechanistic, solo activity delivered to the young. It doesn't have to be that way-learning can be a messy, social, playful, embedded, constant activity. We would do well to listen to their message." Clay Shirky, author of Cognitive Surplus "Anyone who fears, as I do, that today's public schools are dangerously close to being irrelevant must read this book. The authors provide a road map-and a lifeline-showing how schools can prosper under the most difficult conditions. It is a welcome departure from all the school bashing." John Merrow, Education Correspondent, PBS NewsHour "American education is at a crossroads. By illuminating how play helps to transform both information networks and experimentation, and how collective inquiry unleashes the power of imagination, A New Culture of Learning provides an irresistible path to the future." Joel Myerson, Director, Forum for the Future of Higher Education.
Book Synopsis Reinventing Ourselves by : Barbara Leigh Smith
Download or read book Reinventing Ourselves written by Barbara Leigh Smith and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 2001-01-15 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinventing Ourselves examines the experiences and lessons from over 20 different institutions pioneering new approaches for more effective teaching and learning. Many of the colleges included in this volume began as both educational and social experiments, representing new ways of thinking about educational goals, curricular organization, institutional governance, and faculty roles and rewards. With new calls for both rethinking our approaches to teaching and learning and for reviewing the traditional boundaries within institutions and between disciplines, Reinventing Ourselves offers a rich store of ideas from which to draw.
Book Synopsis Changing the Conversation about Higher Education by : Robert Joseph Thompson
Download or read book Changing the Conversation about Higher Education written by Robert Joseph Thompson and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book hopes to change the nature of the conversation about higher education from critiques to focusing on efforts of systematic improvement in undergraduate education. Changing the Conversation about Higher Education establishes a culture of experimentation and evidence for undergraduate education through undertaking teaching and learning experiments at 13 universities. This book discusses the contributions and findings from these experiments and is intended for academic administrators, faculty, and graduate students who are interested in improving undergraduate teaching and learning. The experiments are directed at two core aims of a liberal education: critical thinking and writing. The book is structured to address the issues of vision, structure, and cultural transformation that are of specific interest to academic administrators and the promising practices and issues of identity and support that are concerns of faculty and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Application of Big Data, Blockchain, and Internet of Things for Education Informatization by : Mian Ahmad Jan
Download or read book Application of Big Data, Blockchain, and Internet of Things for Education Informatization written by Mian Ahmad Jan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference International Conference on Application of Big Data, Blockchain, and Internet of Things for Education Informatization. The conference was held in August 2021 and due to COVID-19 pandemic virtually.The 99 revised full papers and 45 short papers have been selected from 503 submissions. The papers describe research fields such as “big data” and “information education”. The aim of the conference is to provide international cooperation and exchange platforms for big data and information education experts, scholars and enterprise developers to share research results, discuss existing problems and challenges, and explore cutting-edge science and technology.
Book Synopsis Culture, Change and Community in Higher Education by : Dawne J. Gurbutt
Download or read book Culture, Change and Community in Higher Education written by Dawne J. Gurbutt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the contemporary issues relating to the delivery of education, Culture, Change and Community in Higher Education explores the challenges of creating effective learning communities. Focusing on the creation and implementation of strategies which permeate and influence culture and enable staff to innovate, this book: considers the balance between a focus on people, places, pedagogy and technology encourages the reader to explore the steps that can be taken to inspire creativity, collaboration and connectivity through the provision of learning environments which are both accessible and engaging employs case studies and examples to consider ways to support the creation of an effective and inclusive learning community offers both strategic and operational perspectives into creating learning spaces and evoking effective change Culture, Change and Community in Higher Education offers insight into a topic that is becoming ever more important with the implementation of the Teaching Excellence Framework. It is a must-read for Higher Education managers looking to implement effective and inclusive learning environments within their university.
Author :Judith Summerfield Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9789048191666 Total Pages :310 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (916 download)
Book Synopsis Making Teaching and Learning Matter by : Judith Summerfield
Download or read book Making Teaching and Learning Matter written by Judith Summerfield and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume captures the spirit of collaboration and innovation that its authors bring into the classroom, as well as to groundbreaking undergraduate programs and initiatives. Coming from diverse points of view and twenty different disciplines, the contributors illuminate the often perplexing debates about what matters most in higher education today. Each chapter tells a unique story about creating vital pedagogical arenas that have the potential to transform teaching and learning for both faculty and students. These exploratory spaces include courses under construction, cross-college and interdisciplinary collaborations, general education reform initiatives, and fresh perspectives on student support services, faculty development, freshman learning communities, writing across the curriculum, on-line degree initiatives, and teaching and learning centers. All these spaces lend shape to an over-arching, system-wide project bringing together the often disconnected silos of undergraduate education at The City University of New York (CUNY), America’s largest urban public university system. Since 2003, the University’s Office of Undergraduate Education has sponsored coordinated efforts to study and improve teaching and learning for the system’s 260,000 undergraduates enrolled at 18 distinct colleges. The contributors to this volume present a broad spectrum of administrative and faculty perspectives that have informed the process of transforming the undergraduate experience. Combined, the voices in these chapters create a much-needed exploratory space for the interplay of ideas about how teaching and learning need to matter in evolving notions of higher education in the twenty-first century. In addition, the text has wider social relevance as an in-depth exploration of change and reform in a large public institution.
Book Synopsis Creating Cultural Capital by : Olaf Kuhlke
Download or read book Creating Cultural Capital written by Olaf Kuhlke and published by Eburon Uitgeverij B.V.. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the global creative economy has experienced unprecedented growth. Considerable research has been conducted to determine what exactly the creative economy is, what occupations are grouped together as such, and how it is to be measured. Organizations on various scales, from the United Nations to local governments, have released ‘creative’ or ‘cultural’ economy reports, developed policies for creative urban renewal, and directed attention to creative placemaking – the purposeful infusion of creative activity into specific urban environments. Parallel to these research and policy interests, academic institutions and professional organizations have begun a serious discussion about training programs for future professionals in the creative and cultural industries. We now have entire colleges offering undergraduate and graduate programs, leading to degrees in arts management, arts entrepreneurship, cultural management, cultural entrepreneurship or cultural economics. And many professional organizations offer specialized training and certificates in cultural heritage, museums studies, entertainment and film. In this book, we bring together over fifty scholars from across the globe to shed light on what we collectively call ‘cultural entrepreneurship’ – the training of professionals for the creative industries who will be change agents and resourceful visionaries that organize cultural, financial, social and human capital, to generate revenue from a cultural and creative activity. Part I of this volume begins with the observation that the creative industries - and the cultural entrepreneurship generated within them - are a global phenomenon. An increasingly mobile, international workforce is moving cultural goods and services across national boundaries at unprecedented rates. As a result, the education of cultural professionals engaged in global commerce has become equally internationalized. Part II looks into the emergence of cultural entrepreneurship as a new academic discipline, and interrogates the theoretical foundations that inform the pedagogy and training for the creative industries. Design thinking, humanities, poetics, risk, strategy and the artist/entrepreneur dichotomy are at the heart of this discussion. Part III showcases the design of cultural entrepreneurship curricula, and the pedagogies employed in teaching artists and culture industry specialists. Our authors examine pedagogy and curriculum at various scales and in national and international contexts, from the creation of entire new schools to undergraduate/graduate programs. Part IV provides case studies that focus on industry- or sector-specific training, skills-based courses (information technology, social media, entrepreneurial competitions), and more. Part V concludes the book with selected examples of practitioner training for the cultural industries, as it is offered outside of academia. In addition, this section provides examples of how professionals outside of academia have informed academic training and course work. Readers will find conceptual frameworks for building new programs for the creative industries, examples of pedagogical approaches and skillsbased training that are based on research and student assessments, and concrete examples of program and course implementation.
Book Synopsis Conceptualizing and Contextualizing Higher Education with Chinese Characteristics by : Jian Li
Download or read book Conceptualizing and Contextualizing Higher Education with Chinese Characteristics written by Jian Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a fresh and unique overview of the modernization and internationalization of Chinese higher education, focusing on Chinese higher education from 1949 to 2018. It presents the Ontological Positivism Model (Conceptualization-Explicit-Formal-Share), concentrating on concepts of Chinese higher education. The book is intended for scholars and researchers in the field of comparative higher education, administrators and stakeholders in education management and graduate students majoring in higher education.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309380189 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Science Teachers' Learning by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Science Teachers' Learning written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-01-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, many states are adopting the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) or are revising their own state standards in ways that reflect the NGSS. For students and schools, the implementation of any science standards rests with teachers. For those teachers, an evolving understanding about how best to teach science represents a significant transition in the way science is currently taught in most classrooms and it will require most science teachers to change how they teach. That change will require learning opportunities for teachers that reinforce and expand their knowledge of the major ideas and concepts in science, their familiarity with a range of instructional strategies, and the skills to implement those strategies in the classroom. Providing these kinds of learning opportunities in turn will require profound changes to current approaches to supporting teachers' learning across their careers, from their initial training to continuing professional development. A teacher's capability to improve students' scientific understanding is heavily influenced by the school and district in which they work, the community in which the school is located, and the larger professional communities to which they belong. Science Teachers' Learning provides guidance for schools and districts on how best to support teachers' learning and how to implement successful programs for professional development. This report makes actionable recommendations for science teachers' learning that take a broad view of what is known about science education, how and when teachers learn, and education policies that directly and indirectly shape what teachers are able to learn and teach. The challenge of developing the expertise teachers need to implement the NGSS presents an opportunity to rethink professional learning for science teachers. Science Teachers' Learning will be a valuable resource for classrooms, departments, schools, districts, and professional organizations as they move to new ways to teach science.
Book Synopsis Creating a Culture of Mindful Innovation in Higher Education by : Michael Lanford
Download or read book Creating a Culture of Mindful Innovation in Higher Education written by Michael Lanford and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Higher education institutions have traditionally nurtured artistic and scientific development and served as catalysts for innovative ideas and products. However, contemporary discourse too often relegates the concept of innovation to the private sector, where the rhetoric of "disruption" frequently reduces innovation to economic terms. As a result, innovations that could benefit society instead exacerbate existing inequities, and the environmental factors that stimulate long-term innovative progress are neglected. Creating a Culture of Mindful Innovation in Higher Education offers a different vision by identifying the conditions that enable college and university administrators, faculty, and staff to promote an innovative institutional culture. Mindful innovation is defined through six central tenets: societal impact; the necessity of failure; creativity through diversity; respect for autonomy and expertise; thoughtful consideration for the dimensions of time, efficiency, and trust; and the incentivization of intrinsic motivation and progress over scare tactics and disruption. Michael Lanford and William G. Tierney offer a clearheaded analysis of the challenges and opportunities in creating a culture of mindful innovation and argue that the institutions that do so will be poised to lead entrepreneurial endeavors, scientific progress, and greater social equity in the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis Essential Questions by : Jay McTighe
Download or read book Essential Questions written by Jay McTighe and published by ASCD. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are "essential questions," and how do they differ from other kinds of questions? What's so great about them? Why should you design and use essential questions in your classroom? Essential questions (EQs) help target standards as you organize curriculum content into coherent units that yield focused and thoughtful learning. In the classroom, EQs are used to stimulate students' discussions and promote a deeper understanding of the content. Whether you are an Understanding by Design (UbD) devotee or are searching for ways to address standards—local or Common Core State Standards—in an engaging way, Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins provide practical guidance on how to design, initiate, and embed inquiry-based teaching and learning in your classroom. Offering dozens of examples, the authors explore the usefulness of EQs in all K-12 content areas, including skill-based areas such as math, PE, language instruction, and arts education. As an important element of their backward design approach to designing curriculum, instruction, and assessment, the authors *Give a comprehensive explanation of why EQs are so important; *Explore seven defining characteristics of EQs; *Distinguish between topical and overarching questions and their uses; *Outline the rationale for using EQs as the focal point in creating units of study; and *Show how to create effective EQs, working from sources including standards, desired understandings, and student misconceptions. Using essential questions can be challenging—for both teachers and students—and this book provides guidance through practical and proven processes, as well as suggested "response strategies" to encourage student engagement. Finally, you will learn how to create a culture of inquiry so that all members of the educational community—students, teachers, and administrators—benefit from the increased rigor and deepened understanding that emerge when essential questions become a guiding force for learners of all ages.
