Criminal Justice Forecasts Of Risk

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Criminal Justice Forecasts of Risk

Author : Richard Berk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461430852
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Criminal Justice Forecasts of Risk by : Richard Berk

Download or read book Criminal Justice Forecasts of Risk written by Richard Berk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-06 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine learning and nonparametric function estimation procedures can be effectively used in forecasting. One important and current application is used to make forecasts of “future dangerousness" to inform criminal justice decision. Examples include the decision to release an individual on parole, determination of the parole conditions, bail recommendations, and sentencing. Since the 1920s, "risk assessments" of various kinds have been used in parole hearings, but the current availability of large administrative data bases, inexpensive computing power, and developments in statistics and computer science have increased their accuracy and applicability. In this book, these developments are considered with particular emphasis on the statistical and computer science tools, under the rubric of supervised learning, that can dramatically improve these kinds of forecasts in criminal justice settings. The intended audience is researchers in the social sciences and data analysts in criminal justice agencies.

Machine Learning Risk Assessments in Criminal Justice Settings

Author : Richard Berk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030022730
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Machine Learning Risk Assessments in Criminal Justice Settings by : Richard Berk

Download or read book Machine Learning Risk Assessments in Criminal Justice Settings written by Richard Berk and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts in one place and in accessible form Richard Berk's most recent work on forecasts of re-offending by individuals already in criminal justice custody. Using machine learning statistical procedures trained on very large datasets, an explicit introduction of the relative costs of forecasting errors as the forecasts are constructed, and an emphasis on maximizing forecasting accuracy, the author shows how his decades of research on the topic improves forecasts of risk. Criminal justice risk forecasts anticipate the future behavior of specified individuals, rather than "predictive policing" for locations in time and space, which is a very different enterprise that uses different data different data analysis tools. The audience for this book includes graduate students and researchers in the social sciences, and data analysts in criminal justice agencies. Formal mathematics is used only as necessary or in concert with more intuitive explanations.

Machine Learning Risk Assessments in Criminal Justice Settings

Author : Richard Berk
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030022722
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Machine Learning Risk Assessments in Criminal Justice Settings by : Richard Berk

Download or read book Machine Learning Risk Assessments in Criminal Justice Settings written by Richard Berk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts in one place and in accessible form Richard Berk’s most recent work on forecasts of re-offending by individuals already in criminal justice custody. Using machine learning statistical procedures trained on very large datasets, an explicit introduction of the relative costs of forecasting errors as the forecasts are constructed, and an emphasis on maximizing forecasting accuracy, the author shows how his decades of research on the topic improves forecasts of risk. Criminal justice risk forecasts anticipate the future behavior of specified individuals, rather than “predictive policing” for locations in time and space, which is a very different enterprise that uses different data different data analysis tools. The audience for this book includes graduate students and researchers in the social sciences, and data analysts in criminal justice agencies. Formal mathematics is used only as necessary or in concert with more intuitive explanations.

The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2 Volume Set

Author : J. C. Barnes
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119110726
Total Pages : 967 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2 Volume Set by : J. C. Barnes

Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2 Volume Set written by J. C. Barnes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of RESEARCH METHODS IN CRIMINOLOGY & CRIMINAL JUSTICE The most comprehensive reference work on research designs and methods in criminology and criminal justice This Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice offers a comprehensive survey of research methodologies and statistical techniques that are popular in criminology and criminal justice systems across the globe. With contributions from leading scholars and practitioners in the field, it offers a clear insight into the techniques that are currently in use to answer the pressing questions in criminology and criminal justice. The Encyclopedia contains essential information from a diverse pool of authors about research designs grounded in both qualitative and quantitative approaches. It includes information on popular datasets and leading resources of government statistics. In addition, the contributors cover a wide range of topics such as: the most current research on the link between guns and crime, rational choice theory, and the use of technology like geospatial mapping as a crime reduction tool. This invaluable reference work: Offers a comprehensive survey of international research designs, methods, and statistical techniques Includes contributions from leading figures in the field Contains data on criminology and criminal justice from Cambridge to Chicago Presents information on capital punishment, domestic violence, crime science, and much more Helps us to better understand, explain, and prevent crime Written for undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers, The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice is the first reference work of its kind to offer a comprehensive review of this important topic.

Predictive Policing

Author : Walt L. Perry
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833081551
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Predictive Policing by : Walt L. Perry

Download or read book Predictive Policing written by Walt L. Perry and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive policing is the use of analytical techniques to identify targets for police intervention with the goal of preventing crime, solving past crimes, or identifying potential offenders and victims. These tools are not a substitute for integrated approaches to policing, nor are they a crystal ball. This guide assesses some of the most promising technical tools and tactical approaches for acting on predictions in an effective way.

Risk Terrain Modeling

Author : Joel M. Caplan
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520958802
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk Terrain Modeling by : Joel M. Caplan

Download or read book Risk Terrain Modeling written by Joel M. Caplan and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine using an evidence-based risk management model that enables researchers and practitioners alike to analyze the spatial dynamics of crime, allocate resources, and implement custom crime and risk reduction strategies that are transparent, measurable, and effective. Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) diagnoses the spatial attractors of criminal behavior and makes accurate forecasts of where crime will occur at the microlevel. RTM informs decisions about how the combined factors that contribute to criminal behavior can be targeted, connections to crime can be monitored, spatial vulnerabilities can be assessed, and actions can be taken to reduce worst effects. As a diagnostic method, RTM offers a statistically valid way to identify vulnerable places. To learn more, visit http://www.riskterrainmodeling.com and begin using RTM with the many free tutorials and resources.

Addressing Emerging Trends to Support the Future of Criminal Justice

Author : John S. Hollywood
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 083309906X
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Addressing Emerging Trends to Support the Future of Criminal Justice by : John S. Hollywood

Download or read book Addressing Emerging Trends to Support the Future of Criminal Justice written by John S. Hollywood and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Criminal Justice Technology Forecasting Group (CJTFG) deliberated on the effects that major technology and social trends could have on criminal justice in the next two to five years and identified potential responses. This report captures the results of the group’s meetings and initiatives, presents the emerging trends and highlights of the group’s discussion, and presents the results of analyses to assess connections between the trends.

Understanding Risk in Criminal Justice

Author : Hazel Kemshall
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0335226035
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Risk in Criminal Justice by : Hazel Kemshall

Download or read book Understanding Risk in Criminal Justice written by Hazel Kemshall and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2003-08-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “the Crime & Justice series has become a key resource for universities in teaching criminology and criminal justice… Professor Kemshall has established herself as a leading figure in the concepts of risk, risk management and public protection issues… an invaluable read for those entering Criminal Justice or moving to work in projects or teams at the forefront of public protection” Vista How significant is risk to the formation and implementation of penal policy? To what extent are the tasks and activities of frontline criminal justice workers informed by concerns to assess and manage risk? Has there been a significant 'sea-change' in the delivery of criminal justice, and if so, what are the future implications of this? This illuminating text examines the significance of the concept of risk in criminal justice policy, and in the role of criminal justice agencies and crime prevention initiatives. Particular features of the book include its use of practical examples, coverage of previously unpublished research, and a full review of current risk assessment tools for use with offenders. It is designed with undergraduate courses in mind, providing frequent summaries, lists of further reading, and a glossary. The identification, assessment and management of risk has become a central theme of criminal justice policy. For some penal policy commentators this represents a 'sea-change' in crime management to a new era of 'actuarial justice', that is the management of crime opportunities and risk distribution rather than the management of individual offenders. By drawing on key areas of criminal justice practice such as policing, probation and crime prevention, this book examines the actual extent of this change and reviews the case for a new risk-based penology. The book combines a review of current theories on actuarial justice with a detailed examination of current practices in key frontline agencies. The result is an essential text for criminology students and trainee professionals in criminal justice.

Fundamentals of Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry

Author : Daniel P. Mears
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107193702
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry by : Daniel P. Mears

Download or read book Fundamentals of Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry written by Daniel P. Mears and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fundamental introduction on how to think about, do, and evaluate research in the criminology and criminal justice field.

Beyond the Risk Paradigm in Criminal Justice

Author : Chris Trotter
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 113744133X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond the Risk Paradigm in Criminal Justice by : Chris Trotter

Download or read book Beyond the Risk Paradigm in Criminal Justice written by Chris Trotter and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The risk assessment process, the interventions and treatment commenced as a result of it and the theory behind it are central to the administration of criminal justice programmes around the world. Most youth and adult corrections departments routinely conduct risk assessments, which are then used to inform the nature and intensity of subsequent criminal justice interventions. In this unique and important text, a team of the world's leading researchers in the field of criminal justice come together to provide a critique of this risk paradigm, and to provide practical guidance for professionals, students and academics on how to move to a more effective way of working with offenders. Divided into three sections, the book provides coverage of topics such as: - The development of risk assessment in criminal justice practice, and its advantages and disadvantages. - The significance of risk factor research in understanding and explaining juvenile delinquency – as well as the problems it creates. - The argument that the risk paradigm fails to accommodate diversity, further disadvantaging women, ethnic minorities and other marginalized groups. - The various ways in which real or imagined risk posed by offenders has been regulated under the risk paradigm, the powerful influence of media reporting, and ways of moving 'beyond risk' to support successful reintegration of offenders. - Ways forward for criminal justice interventions that do not rely on risk, but focus rather on the vitally important aspects of social context, relationships and motivation. With strong links between theory and practice, Beyond the Risk Paradigm in Criminal Justice provides a fresh new direction for criminal justice work.

Bibliography on Crime Forecasting and Related Topics

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Bibliography on Crime Forecasting and Related Topics by :

Download or read book Bibliography on Crime Forecasting and Related Topics written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172357
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

Understanding Crime Trends

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309140390
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Crime Trends by : National Research Council

Download or read book Understanding Crime Trends written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes over time in the levels and patterns of crime have significant consequences that affect not only the criminal justice system but also other critical policy sectors. Yet compared with such areas as health status, housing, and employment, the nation lacks timely information and comprehensive research on crime trends. Descriptive information and explanatory research on crime trends across the nation that are not only accurate, but also timely, are pressing needs in the nation's crime-control efforts. In April 2007, the National Research Council held a two-day workshop to address key substantive and methodological issues underlying the study of crime trends and to lay the groundwork for a proposed multiyear NRC panel study of these issues. Six papers were commissioned from leading researchers and discussed at the workshop by experts in sociology, criminology, law, economics, and statistics. The authors revised their papers based on the discussants' comments, and the papers were then reviewed again externally. The six final workshop papers are the basis of this volume, which represents some of the most serious thinking and research on crime trends currently available.

Predictive Policing and Artificial Intelligence

Author : John McDaniel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429560389
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Predictive Policing and Artificial Intelligence by : John McDaniel

Download or read book Predictive Policing and Artificial Intelligence written by John McDaniel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited text draws together the insights of numerous worldwide eminent academics to evaluate the condition of predictive policing and artificial intelligence (AI) as interlocked policy areas. Predictive and AI technologies are growing in prominence and at an unprecedented rate. Powerful digital crime mapping tools are being used to identify crime hotspots in real-time, as pattern-matching and search algorithms are sorting through huge police databases populated by growing volumes of data in an eff ort to identify people liable to experience (or commit) crime, places likely to host it, and variables associated with its solvability. Facial and vehicle recognition cameras are locating criminals as they move, while police services develop strategies informed by machine learning and other kinds of predictive analytics. Many of these innovations are features of modern policing in the UK, the US and Australia, among other jurisdictions. AI promises to reduce unnecessary labour, speed up various forms of police work, encourage police forces to more efficiently apportion their resources, and enable police officers to prevent crime and protect people from a variety of future harms. However, the promises of predictive and AI technologies and innovations do not always match reality. They often have significant weaknesses, come at a considerable cost and require challenging trade- off s to be made. Focusing on the UK, the US and Australia, this book explores themes of choice architecture, decision- making, human rights, accountability and the rule of law, as well as future uses of AI and predictive technologies in various policing contexts. The text contributes to ongoing debates on the benefits and biases of predictive algorithms, big data sets, machine learning systems, and broader policing strategies and challenges. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars of policing, criminology, crime science, sociology, computer science, cognitive psychology and all those interested in the emergence of AI as a feature of contemporary policing.

Electronic Community-Oriented Policing

Author : Xiaochen Hu
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1793607850
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Electronic Community-Oriented Policing by : Xiaochen Hu

Download or read book Electronic Community-Oriented Policing written by Xiaochen Hu and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-08-05 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hu and Lovrich introduce the "electronic community-oriented policing (E-COP)," concept to explore how social media can impact police strategies on improving and maintaining police-public relation. Using empirical evidence and theoretical foundations, this book demonstrates the importance of this timely refinement to traditional community-oriented policing strategies as we move further into the twentieth century. E-COP represents a systematic approach to policing that applies knowledge derived from theories of individual behavior, social behavior, and mass communication dynamics to contemporary policing practice. This book would be of interest to policing researchers, scholars, and students as well as police practitioners wishing to improve their use of social media resources to connect to the public they serve in the digital age.

Civil Liability in Criminal Justice

Author : Darrell L. Ross
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351062646
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Liability in Criminal Justice by : Darrell L. Ross

Download or read book Civil Liability in Criminal Justice written by Darrell L. Ross and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing litigation against criminal justice practitioners in the United States poses a significant problem for law enforcement and other personnel. Law enforcement and corrections professionals need to have a working knowledge of both criminal law and the civil law process to ensure that they are performing their duties within the limits of the law. Civil Liability in Criminal Justice, 7th Edition, provides valuable information and recommendations to current and future officers and correctional system employees, introducing them to civil liability and federal law, as well as recommending strategies that can be taken to minimize risks. Civil Liability in Criminal Justice is unique in its combination of applicable case law and related liability research, while still providing an overview of current case law in high-liability areas. This new edition, revised to include up-to-date United States Supreme Court cases, including liability trends on the use of force, arrest-related deaths, custodial suicides in detention, qualified immunity, and the outcomes of the Department of Justice and the application of Section 14141, additional context for liability issues, and extended coverage of collective bargaining and public perception, is a valuable resource for enhancing student knowledge and practitioner job performance. The text is suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses in Criminal Justice programs as well as for in-service and academy training. Ross offers an engaging, accessible introduction to this aspect of the US criminal justice system.

Targeting Domestic Abuse with Police Data

Author : Matthew P. Bland
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030548430
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Targeting Domestic Abuse with Police Data by : Matthew P. Bland

Download or read book Targeting Domestic Abuse with Police Data written by Matthew P. Bland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the potential of domestic abuse data to assess the level of harm caused to victims and the amount of resources required to respond to it. Policing domestic abuse has become a major activity for the police service in England and Wales. Part of the police strategy is to gather hundreds of thousands of detailed records about victims and suspects – the single largest set of domestic abuse records available, but one that to date has largely unexplored by researchers. In this volume, Matthew Bland and Barak Ariel analyse three substantial datasets taken from police forces across the country and ask: · Can police data be used to derive meaningful insight? · How should we use these data to measure harm? · Just how much domestic abuse involves a repeat victim? · Does abuse get more serious over time? · Can serious domestic abuse be predicted before it occurs? This volume illustrates the scale of the challenge the police and other agencies face with reducing domestic abuse. A small proportion of individuals generate a majority of harm; this book argues that police records offer opportunities to identify these individuals before the harm occurs. Demonstrating that statistical techniques can be used to profile domestic abuse to target harm reduction strategies more precisely and even identify a sizable proportion of serious cases before they occur, this volume will be of interest to law enforcement officials, policing researchers, and policy makers interested in reducing the phenomenon of domestic abuse.