Crimes En Hauts De France

Download Crimes En Hauts De France full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Crimes En Hauts De France ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Transnational Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking in the Second Decade of the 21st Century in The Dominican Republic, Suriname, Venezuela, French Guiana, Martinique and Guadeloupe. The Hegemony of the Mexican Transnational Trafficking Organizations Affirmed Pax Mexicana!

Download Transnational Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking in the Second Decade of the 21st Century in The Dominican Republic, Suriname, Venezuela, French Guiana, Martinique and Guadeloupe. The Hegemony of the Mexican Transnational Trafficking Organizations Affirmed Pax Mexicana! PDF Online Free

Author : Daurius Figueira
Publisher : AHTLE FIGUEIRA
ISBN 13 : 976962456X
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Transnational Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking in the Second Decade of the 21st Century in The Dominican Republic, Suriname, Venezuela, French Guiana, Martinique and Guadeloupe. The Hegemony of the Mexican Transnational Trafficking Organizations Affirmed Pax Mexicana! by : Daurius Figueira

Download or read book Transnational Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking in the Second Decade of the 21st Century in The Dominican Republic, Suriname, Venezuela, French Guiana, Martinique and Guadeloupe. The Hegemony of the Mexican Transnational Trafficking Organizations Affirmed Pax Mexicana! written by Daurius Figueira and published by AHTLE FIGUEIRA. This book was released on 2020-10-03 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is an analysis of the power relations between Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) and the apex trafficking States of the Dominican Republic, Suriname, Venezuela, French Guiana, Martinique and Guadeloupe in the second decade of the 21st Century. This analysis focuses on the business models of TOC groups involved in these apex trafficking states of the Caribbean Basin, their trafficking methodology and the response of the State in their war on drugs to the operational presence of these TOC groups. What is apparent is the inability, the complicity and the unwillingness of the ruling elites and the agents of the State to grapple with the threat posed by TOC to these apex trafficking States. The war on drugs is then a lie, an instrument of power to effect social control in favour of the ruling oligarchs and a geopolitical instrument which indicates your subservience to the USA and the rest of the North Atlantic. The war on drugs is then an instrument to effect white power/hegemony over the neo-colonial world, the South. In these States studied the reality of the North Atlantic's war on drugs being joined at the head with TOC, hence inseparable, is affirmed with evidence, for as you beget the war on drugs TOC exploits your geographic position to transship drugs to the North Atlantic, but you are unable to resist materially and at the level of the idea, given your state of economic and mental subservience arsing from white supremacist colonial/neo-colonial imperial domination. Transnational Organized Crime then in these States have already or are aggressively moving to capture the State. The wages of embracing the white supremacist war on drugs is TOC exerting hegemony over our social order.

Minorities, Migrants, and Crime

Author : Ineke Haen Marshall
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 0761903356
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (619 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Minorities, Migrants, and Crime by : Ineke Haen Marshall

Download or read book Minorities, Migrants, and Crime written by Ineke Haen Marshall and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1997-07-22 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What relationship exists between minority status and crime? Is this relationship generalizable across different societies? Many western nations are becoming concerned with the problem of crime in general and, in particular, the role of minority groups, be they political refugees, guest workers, immigrants, or native ethnic and racial minorities. A unique cross-cultural exploration. Minorities, Migrants, and Crime highlights the empirical realities of crime and these under-studied populations. Each international expert from the United States or Europe surveys national statistical facts and research as well as political and theoretical debates critical to the issues. Revealing a number of surprising similarities and differences, original chapters examine law enforcement priorities, punishment philosophy and practices, and media coverage against the backdrop of contemporary thought and facts about race, ethnicity, migrants, crime, and criminal justice in the United States. Offering an in-depth examination of international perspectives, Minorities, Migrants, and Crime adds a viewpoint crucial to the law and policy making currently taking place in the United States. Minorities, Migrants, and Crime features state-of-the-art research in the international arena of criminal justice. A thought-provoking read, this book will prove to be an ideal resource for researchers, academics, and students in criminology, criminal justice, corrections, policing, sociology, ethnic studies, policy studies, international studies, immigration studies, and public administration.

Media, Crime and Racism

Author : Monish Bhatia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319717766
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Media, Crime and Racism by : Monish Bhatia

Download or read book Media, Crime and Racism written by Monish Bhatia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Media, Crime and Racism draws together contributions from scholars at the leading edge of their field across three continents to present contemporary and longstanding debates exploring the roles played by media and the state in racialising crime and criminalising racialised minorities. Comprised of empirically rich accounts and theoretically informed analysis, this dynamic text offers readers a critical and in-depth examination of contemporary social and criminal justice issues as they pertain to racialised minorities and the media. Chapters demonstrate the myriad ways in which racialised ‘others’ experience demonisation, exclusion, racist abuse and violence licensed – and often induced – by the state and the media. Together, they also offer original and nuanced analysis of how these processes can be experienced differently dependent on geography, political context and local resistance. This collection critically reflects on a number of globally significant topics including the vilification of Muslim minorities, the portrayal of the refugee ‘crisis’ and the representations and resistance of Indigenous and Black communities. This volume demonstrates that processes of racialisation and criminalisation in media and the state cannot be understood without reference to how they are underscored and inflected by gender and power. Above all, the contributors to this volume demonstrate the resistance of racialised minorities in localised contexts across the globe: against racialisation and criminalisation and in pursuit of racial justice.

Ethnicity, Race, and Crime

Author : Darnell F. Hawkins
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791421963
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (219 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Ethnicity, Race, and Crime by : Darnell F. Hawkins

Download or read book Ethnicity, Race, and Crime written by Darnell F. Hawkins and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1995-02-16 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines both historical and contemporary patterns of crime and justice among white ethnics and nonwhite racial groups in the United States. Researchers have long noted that rates of reported crime and punishment are higher for some ethnic and racial groups in the U.S. than for others. Comparatively high rates of crime have been reported for white ethnic Americans during the past and some groups of racial minorities today. These observations have prompted much public debate and acrimony, but surprisingly little research. Contributors include Thomas A. Regulus; Joan McCord; M. Craig Brown and Barbara D. Warner; Eric Monkkonen; E. M. Beck and Stewart E. Tolnay; Martha A. Myers; Gary LaFree; Robert D. Crutchfield; Dorothy Lockwood, Anne E. Pottieger, and James A. Inciardi; William Chambliss; Coramae Richey Mann; Theodore G. Chiricos and Charles Crawford; Zoann Snyder Joy; Roland Chilton, Raymond Teske, and Harald Arnold; Pamela Irving Jackson; and Darnell F. Hawkins

French Criminal Justice

Author : Jacqueline Hodgson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1847310699
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis French Criminal Justice by : Jacqueline Hodgson

Download or read book French Criminal Justice written by Jacqueline Hodgson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11-08 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basing much of its analysis upon the first systematic empirical study of the French pre-trial process, this monograph breaks new ground in the field of comparative criminal justice. Moving away from idealised accounts of judicially supervised investigations, it provides a better understanding of the ways in which an inquisitorially rooted criminal process operates in practice and the factors that influence and constrain its development and functioning. The structure and operation of French criminal justice is set within a broad range of contexts of political, occupational and legal cultures from the French Republican tradition of state-centred models of authority, across the growing influence of the ECHR, to the local conditions which determine the ways in which individual discretion is exercised. The French model of investigative supervision and accountability is contrasted with more adversarial procedures and in particular, the different ways in which the reliability of evidence is guaranteed and the interests of the accused protected. Systematic observation of the daily working practices of police, gendarmes, prosecutors and juges dinstruction across a number of sites and time periods, provides a unique and detailed account of the ways in which the French criminal process operates in practice. The understandings and insights generated from this data are then set within a wider legal and political analysis, which considers issues such as the influence and interference of the State within matters of justice; a comparative analysis of the judicial and defence functions; and the extent to which ECHR fair trial guarantees are able to produce legal and ideological change within a process which depends upon a central and judicially supervised investigating authority. An informed knowledge of other European criminal procedures is increasingly essential for those working within UK (as well as comparative) criminal justice, if there is to be a proper engagement with, and evaluation of, measures such as the EUs proposed Council Framework Decision on Certain Procedural Rights in Criminal Proceedings throughout the European Union, as well as recent legislative reform in England and Wales that seeks to adjust the pre-trial roles of police and prosecutor in significant ways. This book will be essential reading for teachers, researchers, students and policy-makers working in the areas of criminal justice in the UK and across Europe, in comparative criminal justice/criminology, as well as in French and European studies.

Forging a Convention for Crimes against Humanity

Author : Leila Nadya Sadat
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139495828
Total Pages : 595 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Forging a Convention for Crimes against Humanity by : Leila Nadya Sadat

Download or read book Forging a Convention for Crimes against Humanity written by Leila Nadya Sadat and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crimes against humanity were one of the three categories of crimes elaborated in the Nuremberg Charter. However, unlike genocide and war crimes, they were never set out in a comprehensive international convention. This book represents an effort to complete the Nuremberg legacy by filling this gap. It contains a complete text of a proposed convention on crimes against humanity in English and in French, a comprehensive history of the proposed convention, and fifteen original papers written by leading experts on international criminal law. The papers contain reflections on various aspects of crimes against humanity, including gender crimes, universal jurisdiction, the history of codification efforts, the responsibility to protect, ethnic cleansing, peace and justice dilemmas, amnesties and immunities, the jurisprudence of the ad hoc tribunals, the definition of the crime in customary international law, the ICC definition, the architecture of international criminal justice, modes of criminal participation, crimes against humanity and terrorism, and the inter-state enforcement regime.

Author :
Publisher : Odile Jacob
ISBN 13 : 2738185649
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (381 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis by :

Download or read book written by and published by Odile Jacob. This book was released on with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

First Degree: A Crime Anthology

Author : David F. Walker
Publisher : Humanoids, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1643377205
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (433 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis First Degree: A Crime Anthology by : David F. Walker

Download or read book First Degree: A Crime Anthology written by David F. Walker and published by Humanoids, Inc.. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David F. Walker and David Aja are joined by an array of international talent for an anthology that puts the spotlight on crime noir!

The Royal Financial Administration and the Prosecution of Crime in France, 1670–1789

Author : Albert N. Hamscher
Publisher : University of Delaware
ISBN 13 : 1611493757
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (114 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Royal Financial Administration and the Prosecution of Crime in France, 1670–1789 by : Albert N. Hamscher

Download or read book The Royal Financial Administration and the Prosecution of Crime in France, 1670–1789 written by Albert N. Hamscher and published by University of Delaware. This book was released on 2012-07-13 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Royal Financial Administration and the Prosecution of Crime in France, 1670–1789 explores the French monarchy’s role in financing criminal prosecutions in the royal courts of the realm—the payment of criminal frais de justice in the vocabulary of the ancien régime—between 1670 and 1789 (that is, from the codification of criminal judicial procedure in the early period of Louis XIV’s personal rule to the outbreak of the French Revolution). The subject brings together three areas of scholarly inquiry—criminal justice, royal administration, and the management of the crown’s finances. A central goal of the study is to provide factual information and interpretive insights on each of these topics and to explain the relationship of each to the others over a long time period. The book contributes to existing scholarship in four ways. First, although each of the major dimensions of the inquiry—the operation of the criminal justice system, the conduct of the royal administration, and the management of the monarchy’s finances—has a large and increasingly sophisticated historical literature, this is the first study to combine them in a systematic way. Second, the long time period covered in the book not only enables the historian to distinguish gradual from rapid change, but it also allows the reader to view how the system functioned in different historical contexts. Third, the study is based on archival sources throughout France. This comprehensive approach permits the identification of elements of a common experience without sacrificing attention to important aspects of regional diversity. Finally, with respect to the sources themselves, the range is broad, encompassing regulatory acts and decisions of the king’s councils; administrative correspondence at the central, regional, and in some cases local levels; financial accounts and related papers; and court records from the major appellate courts and from several lower courts as well. An appendix of 33 tables lists figures of annual expenditure and other pertinent financial operations for each of the major financial districts of the kingdom.

Crime & Hollywood Incorporated

Author : Françoise Clary
Publisher : Presses universitaires de Rouen et du Havre
ISBN 13 : 9782877756501
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (565 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Crime & Hollywood Incorporated by : Françoise Clary

Download or read book Crime & Hollywood Incorporated written by Françoise Clary and published by Presses universitaires de Rouen et du Havre. This book was released on with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L’ouvrage rassemble des communications bilingues (anglais-français) issues du colloque tenu à l’université de Rouen sur la représentation filmique de la criminalité aux États-Unis de 1929 à 1951. Les liens d’Hollywood avec le crime organisé (mafia urbaine, grand banditisme …) posent diverses questions : l’héroïsation hollywoodienne du gangster, devenu le vecteur d’un nouveau système de valeurs, ne tend-elle pas à apparenter la transgression à un jeu ? L’esthétique de la violence n’accroît-elle pas la fascination des jeunes pour toute déviance, légitimant la mort virtuelle-réelle comme unique solution en cas de conflit ? Les studios hollywoodiens fondent-ils leur puissance et leur légitimité sur la diffusion de valeurs illicites ? Le recueil montre tout d’abord que la diffusion de ces nouveaux comportements répond à des choix économiques ; puis il aborde les rapports entre idéologie et société, traite ensuite de la censure et enfin réexamine l’esthétique de la violence.

Modern French. The crime of the boulevard

Author : Julian Hawthorne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Modern French. The crime of the boulevard by : Julian Hawthorne

Download or read book Modern French. The crime of the boulevard written by Julian Hawthorne and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Impending Challenges to Penal Moderation in France and Germany

Author : Kirstin Drenkhahn
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100090556X
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Impending Challenges to Penal Moderation in France and Germany by : Kirstin Drenkhahn

Download or read book Impending Challenges to Penal Moderation in France and Germany written by Kirstin Drenkhahn and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the penal culture in France and Germany – how it is shaped in politics, media, and public opinion. Although compared with the US or the UK, France and Germany seem to place a strong emphasis on the ideal of rehabilitation that would block excessive punishment and other outcomes of punitive developments in society, there is a steady increase in punitiveness over time for which the term “strained restraint” is proposed. The book shows that the idea of penal moderation is deeply rooted in public opinion, politics, and the media and that it is renegotiated every day in a dynamic interplay between these spheres. Punishment and society research has traditionally focused on the US and the UK. In comparative research, both are considered extreme in punitive developments with high rates of imprisonment and large groups of the population under penal control. The other extreme in comparative research would be Scandinavia with the famous Nordic Exceptionalism marked by low prison population rates. Germany and France are often considered to be “the same” when compared with each other, and “the other” with reference to both of these extremes. However, this book shows that France and Germany are far from being the same when it comes to state organization (centralistic vs. federal), criminal justice and the criminal law, political traditions, and the media. Also, research from both countries has looked at whether developments such as the “punitive turn” have occurred in Germany and France. Research focused on the domestic situation concludes that punitiveness is on the rise, and that both countries are indeed experiencing their own punitive turn. How do we reconcile these contradictory findings? Why do these two seem to follow the path of penal moderation in the overall outcome of punishment in society when we look at comparative research? And how is it that from a domestic perspective, punitive attitudes and desires are leading to more punitiveness? By focusing on the meso level, with a comparative perspective on the two countries and a dynamic analytical approach, this book reconciles the fluidity of individual attitudes and opinions with the relative stability of societal discourse. The authors posit that penal moderation comes at a price: overall and in an internationally comparative perspective, there is penal moderation, but a closer look at the domestic situation and development reveals that it is nonetheless challenged by a slowly rising tide of punitiveness. Going beyond the main tenets of punishment and society research with a dynamic analysis of two large societies in Europe, this book is ideal reading for scholars and students of penology, criminal justice, and European studies.

The Papon Affair

Author : Richard Golsan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136749705
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Papon Affair by : Richard Golsan

Download or read book The Papon Affair written by Richard Golsan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2000-08-14 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Papon Affair is the definitive English-language work on a trial that is now considered to be the most significant in late twentieth-century France. Papon, who served as a Vichy bureaucrat, was charged with assisting in the deportation of several trainloads of Jews from the Bordeaux region to Nazi death camps between 1942 and 1944. After the War, his career included both a stint as Prefect of Paris Police and as a cabinet finance minister. The inconclusiveness of the verdict which, even after six months of testimony, left unresolved not only important legal and historical issues, but political, philosophical and moral issues as well. Richard Golsan has brought together the crucial French journalistic pieces on the trial along with several essays by leading American and British scholars to help contextualize the trial for an English-speaking audience. The book delves deeply into the fascinating debates about the nature of French complicity in the Final Solution and of memory itself. Contributors: Nathan Bracher, Philippe Bernard, Philippe Burin, Michel Dubec, Jean-Luc Einaudi, Alain Finkielkraut, Christopher G. Flood, Richard J. Golsan, Eberhard Jackel, Van Kelly, François Maspero, Robert O. Paxton, Acacio Pereira, Henry Rousso, Zeev Sternhell, Benjamin Stora, Tzvetan Todorov, Jean-Marc Varaut, Nancy Wood, Michael Zaoui.

Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany Since 1989

Author : Peter Carrier
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 9781571819048
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany Since 1989 by : Peter Carrier

Download or read book Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany Since 1989 written by Peter Carrier and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1989, two sites of memory with respect to the deportation and persecution of Jews in France and Germany have received intense public attention: the Veĺ d'Hiv in Paris and the Monument for the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin. Why is this so? Both monuments, the author argues, are unique in the history of memorial projects.

The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2023

Author : GLOBAL COMMUNITY: YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE.
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197795390
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (977 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2023 by : GLOBAL COMMUNITY: YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE.

Download or read book The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2023 written by GLOBAL COMMUNITY: YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE. and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-11-05 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence features an annual review of global issues and legal developments from international courts and tribunals. The 2023 edition explores threats to democracy and the environment, international reparations issues, the implications of the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Palestine conflicts pertaining to international law, and the legality of the ECOWAS's intervention in Niger, among other topics.

French Crime Fiction, 1945–2005

Author : Margaret-Anne Hutton
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317132696
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis French Crime Fiction, 1945–2005 by : Margaret-Anne Hutton

Download or read book French Crime Fiction, 1945–2005 written by Margaret-Anne Hutton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first major study of representations of World War II in French crime fiction, Margaret-Anne Hutton draws on a corpus of over a hundred and fifty texts spanning more than sixty years. Included are well-known writers (male and female) such as Aubert, Simenon, Boileau-Narcejak, Vargas, Daeninckx, and Jonquet, as well as a broad range of lesser-known authors. Hutton's introduction situates her study within the larger framework of literary representations of World War II, setting the stage for her discussions of genre; the problem of defining crimes and criminals in the context of the war; the epistemological issues that arise in the relationship between World War II historiography and the crime novel; and the temporal textures linking past crimes to the present. Filling a gap in the fields of crime fiction and fictional representations of the War, Hutton's book calls into question the way both crime fiction and the French theatre of World War II have been conceptualized and codified.

WAR CRIMES IN INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICTS

Author : EVELA HAYE
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 0359593712
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (595 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis WAR CRIMES IN INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICTS by : EVELA HAYE

Download or read book WAR CRIMES IN INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICTS written by EVELA HAYE and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book grew from many personal and professional experiences, researching and teaching at the London School of Economics and Political Science, working at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and taking part in the negotiations of the International Criminal Court (ICC) statute and the elements of crimes, and from stimulating discussions with many friends and colleagues along the journ