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Country Economic Memorandum
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Download or read book Markets and People written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Romania’s income per capita has increased from 26 percent of the EU-28 average in 2000 to 63 percent in 2017, but this economic success rests on the wobbly foundations of unfavorable demographics, weak human capital, and ineffective institutions. Going forward, stronger competition and better human capital are critical to increasing the economy’s growth potential. Romanian manufacturing ï¬?rms are exposed to domestic and international competition, ensuring the flow of resources and market shares to more efï¬?cient players. This has not been the case for services, where anticompetitive regulations and direct state control often limit efï¬?ciency gains. Romanian state-owned enterprises do not compete on an equal footing with private sector ï¬?rms, distorting market outcomes and hampering the efï¬?cient allocation of resources. Removal of these restrictions would have a signiï¬?cant positive impact on GDP growth. Competitively neutral policies are needed to ensure that all enterprises, public or private, domestic or foreign, face the same set of rules. Romania’s human capital accumulation--proxied by the World Bank’s Human Capital Index (HCI)--is the lowest in the European Union and varies widely across counties. Disparities in education outcomes remain relevant across and within regions of Romania. Learning gaps in primary and secondary education persist. These can be seen clearly between urban and rural areas, across regions, and across social groups, requiring changes both at the systems level and at the learning-center level. In the labor market, the automation of production processes has started driving demand for higher levels of cognitive skills, while jobs involving the routine application of procedural knowledge are shrinking in number. A paradigm shift would require reforms in primary and secondary schooling, in addition to more targeted actions, to establish an effective skills development system to bolster human capital.
Book Synopsis Country Economic Memorandum by : Papua New Guinea
Download or read book Country Economic Memorandum written by Papua New Guinea and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Falling Behind to Catching Up by : Richard Record
Download or read book From Falling Behind to Catching Up written by Richard Record and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite decades of development efforts supported by significant amounts of foreign aid, Malawi has experienced weak and volatile economic growth performance over a sustained period of time. Malawi’s growth remains an outlier even compared to its geographically and demographically similar peers. Moreover, growth has been distributed unequally, with little impact on poverty. Per capita income has improved only minimally in the 50 years since independence, and Malawi now has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world. From Falling Behind to Catching Up aims to improve readers’ understanding of the puzzle of Malawi’s development performance and identify ways for the country to achieve robust growth and stay on a stable growth path that helps the poor. The book places a strong emphasis on assessing Malawi’s growth experience since independence from a comparative international perspective. It seeks to benchmark Malawian outcomes on growth, structural change, and transformation against peers and explores possible reasons for divergence from international trends. The book also puts deeper drivers of economic growth at the center of the discussion, looking in particular at the institutions and policies that may have affected Malawi’s growth outcomes and ones that could help Malawi avoid macroeconomic instability in the future. This book first begins by discussing Malawi’s macroeconomic situation and challenges in fiscal management, reviewing and drawing lessons from the instability, slippages, and shocks Malawi has experienced since independence. Second, given how critical the agricultural sector is to poverty reduction in Malawi, the overview explores the current state of agricultural markets. Third, looking at the factors that may constrain higher growth in the future, challenges in private sector development and job creation are discussed. Finally, building on the analysis of challenges, the book concludes with a summary of policy recommendations aimed at helping Malawi begin catching up with its peers.
Book Synopsis Kyrgyz Republic Country Economic Memorandum by : Izvorski
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Country Economic Memorandum written by Izvorski and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ukraine written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The government deficits that have played such a prominent role in Ukraine's continued economic decline reflect in large measure the fact that government has been slow to relinquish the role it played during the Soviet era." Since independence, Ukraine has suffered one of the most severe economic declines of any country in this century. While other transition countries in the region successfully replaced their old command economies with market economies, Ukraine continued to protect unprofitable enterprises to preserve employment and income levels. To support this strategy, the government has borrowed more money than it takes in and, at the same time, competes with private enterprise domestically for credit. As Ukraine's economic foundations proceed to crumble, the Ukrainian Government. the World Bank, and the International Center for Policy Studies in Kyiv examined the issues surrounding the crisis. The group analyzed the data and policy studies that were prepared by various Ukrainian and World Bank teams of experts and formulated recommendations for strategies to stem the growing tidal wave of economic collapse now threatening Ukraine. This report presents the issues that are creating these crises and outlines a course to prevent a crash. This report will be of interest to government agencies, economists, bankers, and academics.
Book Synopsis From Falling Behind to Catching Up by : Richard Record
Download or read book From Falling Behind to Catching Up written by Richard Record and published by Directions in Development. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite decades of development efforts supported by significant amounts of foreign aid, Malawi has experienced weak and volatile economic growth performance over a sustained period of time. Malawi's growth remains an outlier even compared to its geographically and demographically similar peers. Moreover, growth has been distributed unequally, with little impact on poverty. Per capita income has improved only minimally in the 50 years since independence, and Malawi now has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world. From Falling Behind to Catching Up aims to improve readers' understanding of the puzzle of Malawi's development performance and identify ways for the country to achieve robust growth and stay on a stable growth path that helps the poor. The book places a strong emphasis on assessing Malawi's growth experience since independence from a comparative international perspective. It seeks to benchmark Malawian outcomes on growth, structural change, and transformation against peers and explores possible reasons for divergence from international trends. The book also puts deeper drivers of economic growth at the center of the discussion, looking in particular at the institutions and policies that may have affected Malawi's growth outcomes and ones that could help Malawi avoid macroeconomic instability in the future. This book first begins by discussing Malawi's macroeconomic situation and challenges in fiscal management, reviewing and drawing lessons from the instability, slippages, and shocks Malawi has experienced since independence. Second, given how critical the agricultural sector is to poverty reduction in Malawi, the overview explores the current state of agricultural markets. Third, looking at the factors that may constrain higher growth in the future, challenges in private sector development and job creation are discussed. Finally, building on the analysis of challenges, the book concludes with a summary of policy recommendations aimed at helping Malawi begin catching up with its peers.
Book Synopsis Guatemala Country Economic Memorandum by :
Download or read book Guatemala Country Economic Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mexico Country Economic Memorandum: Main report by :
Download or read book Mexico Country Economic Memorandum: Main report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecuador by : World Bank. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office
Download or read book Ecuador written by World Bank. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Egypt written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China written by World Bank : Asia Region and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Country Economic Memorandum on Jordan by : World Bank
Download or read book Country Economic Memorandum on Jordan written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecuador by : World Bank. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office
Download or read book Ecuador written by World Bank. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office and published by . This book was released on 1987* with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Country Economic Memorandum Brazil by : World Bank. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office
Download or read book Country Economic Memorandum Brazil written by World Bank. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guatemala written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Colombia by : World Bank. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office
Download or read book Colombia written by World Bank. Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis India Country Economic Memorandum by : World Bank : South Asia Region I
Download or read book India Country Economic Memorandum written by World Bank : South Asia Region I and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
