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Corrosion Investigation Of Four Bridges Built Between 1973 And 1978 Containing Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel
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Book Synopsis Corrosion Investigation of Four Bridges Built Between 1973 and 1978 Containing Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel by : Paul D. Krauss
Download or read book Corrosion Investigation of Four Bridges Built Between 1973 and 1978 Containing Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel written by Paul D. Krauss and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., performed an in-depth field investigation into the performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars in four bridge decks. The study included two decks built on steel girders and two built on precast concrete girders. Two decks had been overlaid with a 2-in. low slump overlay. The bridges were all built between 1973 and 1978. Visual crack and delamination surveys were performed. Core samples were drilled for determination of chloride concentrations and to examine the embedded steel. Polarization resistance, half-cell, and AC impedance measurements were taken, but were not conclusive. Further development is needed. Laboratory testing included inspection of the coating, holiday and thickness tests, coating adhesion tests, and underfilm contamination.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Protection Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars by : José Antonio Pincheira
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars written by José Antonio Pincheira and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this investigation was to conduct an in-depth study to determine the level of corrosion protection offered by epoxy-coated bars in four bridge decks in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area. The bridges studied were built between 1973 and 1978 and all decks had a top mat built with epoxy-coated bars. The bottom mat was epoxy-coated in only one deck whereas black steel was used for the bottom mat in the other bridges. These bridges had been assessed in 1996 and thus, the present study is a follow up investigation to obtain data and assess the field performance of epoxy-coated bars over a period of approximately 30 years. The investigation included field inspection and surveys of the decks, as well as laboratory tests of concrete core and bar samples. After 30 years of service, the overall condition of the epoxy-coated bars is good to very good, with no or modest levels of corrosion activity. In only one bridge, corrosion activity appears to be moderate to severe. The majority of corroded bars were found near joints or at crack locations. The amount of delamination in all decks is very low.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated, Metallic-clad and Solid Metallic Reinforcing Bars in Concrete by : David B. McDonald
Download or read book Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated, Metallic-clad and Solid Metallic Reinforcing Bars in Concrete written by David B. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the work conducted from 1993 to 1998 to develop cost-effective "new breeds" of organic, inorganic, ceramic and metallic coatings, as well as metallic alloys that can be utilized on or as reinforcement for embedment in portland cement concrete. As part of the study, 12 different bar types were tested in concrete: black bars, 3 bendable and 3 nonbendable epoxies, Type 304 and Type 316 stainless steel, copper-clad, galvanized and spray metallic-clad reinforcing. Measurements of macrocell voltages, half-cell potentials, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization and mat-to-mat resistances were used in conjunction with visual observations to determine the effectiveness of each system.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Protection Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors and Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in a Simulated Concrete Pore Water Solution by : Wioleta A. Pyć
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors and Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in a Simulated Concrete Pore Water Solution written by Wioleta A. Pyć and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We used a simulated concrete pore water solution to evaluate the corrosion protection performance of concrete corrosion-inhibiting admixtures and epoxy-coated reinforcing bars (ECR). We evaluated three commercial corrosion inhibitors, ECR from three coaters removed from job sites, one ECR shipped directly from the coater's plant, and one ECR removed from a job site plus a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitors were calcium nitrite, an aqueous mixture of esters and amines, and a mixture of alcohol and amine. Corrosion protection performance was based on the amount of visually observed corroded surface area. For bare steel tested with and without corrosion inhibitors, corrosion increased with increasing chloride concentration, and specimens saturated with oxygen were more corroded than specimens saturated with breathing air. The amount of corrosion over the 90-day test period was controlled by the amount of oxygen in solution at the higher chloride concentrations. The ester-amine and alcohol-amine did not inhibit corrosion. Calcium nitrite inhibited corrosion at all levels of chloride concentration. For ECR, corrosion occurred both at sites where the coating was damaged and underneath the coating. Coating debondment was greatest in pore water solutions containing chloride. The least coating debondment and corrosion occurred in the solution containing calcium nitrite and the ECR shipped directly from the manufacturer. Coating debondment and corrosion of ECR are directly related to the amount of damage as holes; mashed, dented, and cracked areas; and holidays. The researchers recommend that the developed test method be adopted as a standard test for concrete corrosion inhibitors and that calcium nitrite remain the only concrete corrosion inhibitor approved for use in Virginia.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Protection Performance Evaluation of Low Permeable Concretes in Exposure Specimens by : Jerzy Zemajtis
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Performance Evaluation of Low Permeable Concretes in Exposure Specimens written by Jerzy Zemajtis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of a mineral admixture or a combination of a mineral admixture with corrosion inhibitor are the methods used for the corrosion protection for reinforced concrete bridges. The results of a 1.5-year study on evaluation of three concretes with fly ash, slag cement (SC), and silica fume (SF) and one concrete with silica fume and a corrosion inhibitor (SFD) are presented. The specimens were built to simulate four exposure conditions typical for concrete bridges located in the coastal region or inland where deicing salts are used. The exposure conditions were horizontal, vertical, tidal, and immersed zones. The specimens were kept inside the laboratory and were exposed to weekly ponding cycles of 6% sodium chloride solution by weight. In addition, cover depth measurements from 21 bridge decks and chloride data from 3 bridge decks were used, together with laboratory data, in modeling the service lives of investigated corrosion protection methods. The methods used to assess the condition of the specimens included chloride concentration measurements, corrosion potentials, and corrosion rates (3LP). Additionally, visual observations were performed for identification of rust stains and cracking on concrete surfaces. The results of chloride testing indicate that the amount of chlorides present at the bar level is more than sufficient to initiate corrosion. Chloride and rapid permeability data demonstrate that for low permeable (LP) concretes there appears to be significant difference both in a rate of chloride ingress and in the diffusion coefficients in comparison to the controls. Corrosion potentials agree with corrosion rates and suggest the possibility of an active corrosion process development on control specimens during indoor exposure. The structural cracks that were observed in some specimens appeared to have no influence on the corrosion development on the bars in the vicinity of the these cracks. It was concluded that the silicone and duct tape protection was adequate. The cracking, other than structural, appeared to be related to the reinforcing steel corrosion, except the cracks in the horizontal zone of the specimen with slag cement which were probably caused by the subsidence cracking. The least number of cracks was observed on the SF and SFD specimens. Modeling the time as a function of probability of the end of functional service life (EFSL) was presented. It has been shown that the distributions of surface concentrations of chloride ions (CO) and diffusion constants (DC) are key elements in the model. Model predictions show that the LP concretes provide much better level of protection against moisture and chlorides than the A4 concrete alone. Application of a corrosion inhibitor causes an elevation of the chloride threshold resulting in an additional increase in time to EFSL. Recommendations are to continue monitoring until cracking has occurred in all specimens to a greater extent to better estimate the service lives of LP concretes than is presently known in the construction of concrete bridge components in Virginia. The specimens with LP concretes and one control (continuous reinforcement in the legs) should be taken to the Hampton Road North Tunnel Island and placed in the brackish water to a depth of the immersed zone at low tide for further exposure to chloride. The other control (non-continuous reinforcement in the legs) should remain in an outdoor exposure in Southwest Virginia like the Civil Engineering Materials Research Laboratory in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also more field studies are needed to better estimate distributions of surface chloride concentration and diffusion coefficient of Virginia bridge decks, and to confirm predicted times to EFSL for LP concretes.
Book Synopsis Performance Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors and Galvanized Steel in Concrete Exposure Specimens by : Jerzy Zemajtis
Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors and Galvanized Steel in Concrete Exposure Specimens written by Jerzy Zemajtis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion inhibitor admixtures (CIA) and galvanized reinforcing steel (GS) are used for the corrosion protection for reinforced concrete bridges. The results of a 3.5-year evaluation of exposure specimens containing CIA from three different manufacturers and GS are presented. The specimens were built to simulate four exposure conditions typical for concrete bridges located in the coastal region or inland where deicing salts are used. The exposure conditions were Horizontal, Vertical, Tidal, and Immersed Zones. The specimens were kept inside the laboratory and were exposed to weekly ponding cycles of 6% sodium chloride solution by weight. The methods used to assess the condition of the specimens included chloride concentration measurements, corrosion potentials, and corrosion rates. Additionally, visual observations were performed for identification of rust stains and cracking on concrete surfaces. The results of chloride testing indicate that the amount of chlorides present at the bar level is more than sufficient to initiate corrosion. Chloride and rapid permeability data indicate no significant difference either in a rate of chloride ingress or in the diffusion coefficients for concretes with and without CIA. Corrosion potentials were the most negative for the Bare Steel (BS) specimen prepared with the Armatec 2000 corrosion inhibitor and generally indicated a 90% probability of active corrosion. Corrosion potentials were similar for the two BS control specimens and the BS specimen prepared with Rheocrete 222 and generally indicated an uncertain probability of corrosion. Corrosion potentials were the least negative for the BS specimen prepared with DCI-S corrosion inhibitor and generally indicated a 90% probability of no corrosion. Rate of corrosion measurements were the highest for the BS control specimens and the one prepared with A2000 and the most recent data suggest corrosion damage in 2 to 10 years. Although early rate of corrosion measurements were higher or about the same as for BS control specimens, recent measurements were slightly lower for the specimen prepared with Rheocrete 222 and suggest corrosion damage in 10 to 15 years. Rate of corrosion measurements were consistently the lowest for the BS specimens prepared with DCI-S and indicate corrosion damage is expected in 10 to 15 years. The corrosion potential and rate of corrosion data indicate that DCI-S is the only CIA evaluated that clearly provides some level of corrosion protection. A direct comparison of the GS specimens to the BS specimens is not possible because the measured potential refers to the zinc oxide and not to the steel. Nevertheless, the potential data agree with the chloride and permeability data, as well as with the visual observations, and indicate the damaging effect of a high concentration of chloride ions on the GS. At low and moderate chloride exposures, however, GS does provide corrosion protection. Recommendations are to continue monitoring until sufficient cracking has occurred in all specimens to provide for making a better estimate of the service lives of CIA and GS used in the construction of concrete bridge components in Virginia. The specimens with CIA and one control (continuous reinforcement in the legs) should be taken to the Hampton Road North Tunnel Island and placed in the brackish water to a depth of the Immersed Zone at low tide for further exposure to chloride. The specimens with GS and the other control (non-continuous reinforcement in the legs) should remain in an outdoor exposure in Southwest Virginia like the Civil Engineering Materials Research Laboratory in Blacksburg, Virginia.
Book Synopsis Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science by :
Download or read book Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transportation Research Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ACI Materials Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Field Examination of Epoxy-coated Rebars in Concrete Bridge Decks by : Henry J. Gillis
Download or read book Field Examination of Epoxy-coated Rebars in Concrete Bridge Decks written by Henry J. Gillis and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coating reinforcing bars with epoxy was assumed to be the answer to corrosion problems in highway structures when it was developed. In the last few years, this assumption has been seriously questioned. Cases of damage to structures resulting from corrosion of epoxy coated steel have been reported in Florida, New York and Ontario. In 1992, the Physical Research Section was asked by the Office of Bridges and Structures at the Minnesota Department of Transportation to conduct a limited field survey to determine if a problem existed in Minnesota. The first bridge built with epoxy coated rebars in Minnesota shows no signs of distress almost 20 years after construction. The corrosion of epoxy coated rebars that has been observed elsewhere was not discovered by this survey. The prestressed girder bridges included in this survey showed fewer transverse cracks than the steel girder bridges.
Download or read book PCI Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Minnesota Department of Transportation Research Services ... Annual Report by :
Download or read book Minnesota Department of Transportation Research Services ... Annual Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides a guide to the Minnesota Department of Transportation's current research activities.
Book Synopsis Measuring the Field Corrosion Activity of Bridge Decks Built with Bare and Epoxy Coated Steel by : A. Ramniceanu
Download or read book Measuring the Field Corrosion Activity of Bridge Decks Built with Bare and Epoxy Coated Steel written by A. Ramniceanu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epoxy coated steel became the prevalent corrosion protection methods starting in the early 1980s. Since then, studies have shown that epoxy coating does not prevent corrosion, but instead will debond from the steel reinforcement in as little as four years, allowing instead a much more insidious form of corrosion to take place under the coating. Therefore, it is important to determine if nondestructive corrosion activity detection methods are applicable to epoxy coated reinforcing steel as well as institute guidelines for interpreting the results. Based on comparisons of measurements distributions, this study shows that there is an indication that these nondestructive test methods may be applicable to structures reinforced with epoxy coated steel.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Assessment for the Failed Bridge Deck Closure Pour at Mile Marker 43 on I-81 by : Ebrahim K. Abbas
Download or read book Corrosion Assessment for the Failed Bridge Deck Closure Pour at Mile Marker 43 on I-81 written by Ebrahim K. Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is a significant problem around the world. In the United States, there are approximately 600,000 bridges. Of those bridges, 24% are considered structurally deficient or functionally obsolete based on the December 2010 statistics from the Federal Highway Administration. The primary cause is chloride attack from deicing salts, which corrodes the reinforcing steel. Different solutions have been developed and used in practice to delay and prevent corrosion initiation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of corrosion and shrinkage on the failure mechanism that occurred on an I-81 bridge deck. After 17 years in service, a 3 ft by 3 ft closure pour section punched through. The closure was positioned under the left wheel path of the southbound right lane of the bridge deck. The bridge deck had been replaced in 1992 as part of a bridge rehabilitation project, and the reinforcement was epoxy coated. Four 4.5 ft by 10 ft slab sections, containing the closure, were saw cut from the deck, removed, and transported to the Virginia Tech Structures and Materials Research Laboratory for further evaluation. Also, for comparison, three new slabs were fabricated as part of the assessment program. Corrosion evaluation and concrete shrinkage characterization were conducted in this study. The corrosion evaluation study included visual observation, clear concrete cover depth, concrete resistivity using single point resistivity, half-cell potential, and linear polarization using the 3LP device. Shrinkage was characterized on the lab cast slabs only. This consisted of monitoring shrinkage behavior of the specimens for 180 days and comparing of the data with five different shrinkage models. The joints of the lab cast specimens were monitored for cracking and leaking. Based on the research results, it is recommended that similar joints be inspected for leaking and evidence of reinforcement corrosion every two years and all similar joints should be sealed to prevent leaking. In addition, it is recommended that construction joints in future decks built with staged construction use corrosion resistant reinforcement.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Assessment for the Failed Bridge Deck Closure Pour at Mile Marker 43 on I-81 by : Ebrahim K. Abbas
Download or read book Corrosion Assessment for the Failed Bridge Deck Closure Pour at Mile Marker 43 on I-81 written by Ebrahim K. Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is a significant problem around the world. In the United States, there are approximately 600,000 bridges. Of those bridges, 24% are considered structurally deficient or functionally obsolete based on the December 2010 statistics from the Federal Highway Administration. The primary cause is chloride attack from deicing salts, which corrodes the reinforcing steel. Different solutions have been developed and used in practice to delay and prevent corrosion initiation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of corrosion and shrinkage on the failure mechanism that occurred on an I-81 bridge deck. After 17 years in service, a 3 ft by 3 ft closure pour section punched through. The closure was positioned under the left wheel path of the southbound right lane of the bridge deck. The bridge deck had been replaced in 1992 as part of a bridge rehabilitation project, and the reinforcement was epoxy coated. Four 4.5 ft by 10 ft slab sections, containing the closure, were saw cut from the deck, removed, and transported to the Virginia Tech Structures and Materials Research Laboratory for further evaluation. Also, for comparison, three new slabs were fabricated as part of the assessment program. Corrosion evaluation and concrete shrinkage characterization were conducted in this study. The corrosion evaluation study included visual observation, clear concrete cover depth, concrete resistivity using single point resistivity, half-cell potential, and linear polarization using the 3LP device. Shrinkage was characterized on the lab cast slabs only. This consisted of monitoring shrinkage behavior of the specimens for 180 days and comparing of the data with five different shrinkage models. The joints of the lab cast specimens were monitored for cracking and leaking. Based on the research results, it is recommended that similar joints be inspected for leaking and evidence of reinforcement corrosion every two years and all similar joints should be sealed to prevent leaking. In addition, it is recommended that construction joints in future decks built with staged construction use corrosion resistant reinforcement.
Book Synopsis Field Investigation of the Corrosion Protection Performance of Bridge Decks and Piles Constructed with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia by :
Download or read book Field Investigation of the Corrosion Protection Performance of Bridge Decks and Piles Constructed with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methodology to Evaluate the Corrosion Condition of Bridge Decks Containing Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel by :
Download or read book Methodology to Evaluate the Corrosion Condition of Bridge Decks Containing Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the U.S., epoxy coated reinforcing steel has been used extensively in bridge construction for over 15 years. Major studies over the last five years or so have examined past and current practices on the use of epoxy coatings to prevent corrosion of reinforcing steel. These studies and the experiences of some state highway agencies indicate a postential for less service life than previously expected. consequently, it is projected that a methodologoy will be needed to evaluate the corrosion condition of bridge structures containing epoxy coated reinforcing steel. As in the case of bridge structures with black reinforcement, a properly conducted corrosionn condition survey provides the information required to select appropriate repair and/or rehabilitation strategies.
