Computers And Cognition Why Minds Are Not Machines

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Computers and Cognition: Why Minds are not Machines

Author : J.H. Fetzer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401009732
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Computers and Cognition: Why Minds are not Machines by : J.H. Fetzer

Download or read book Computers and Cognition: Why Minds are not Machines written by J.H. Fetzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important collection of studies providing a fresh and original perspective on the nature of mind, including thoughtful and detailed arguments that explain why the prevailing paradigm - the computational conception of language and mentality - can no longer be sustained. An alternative approach is advanced, inspired by the work of Charles S. Peirce, according to which minds are sign-using (or `semiotic') systems, which in turn generates distinctions between different kinds of minds and overcomes problems that burden more familiar alternatives. Unlike conceptions of minds as machines, this novel approach has obvious evolutionary implications, where differences in semiotic abilities tend to distinguish the species. From this point of view, the scope and limits of computer and AI systems can be more adequately appraised and alternative accounts of consciousness and cognition can be more thoroughly criticised. Readership: Intermediate and advanced students of computer science, AI, cognitive science, and all students of the philosophy of the mind.

Understanding Computers and Cognition

Author : Terry Winograd
Publisher : Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN 13 : 9780201112979
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Computers and Cognition by : Terry Winograd

Download or read book Understanding Computers and Cognition written by Terry Winograd and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 1987 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Computers and Cognition presents an important and controversial new approach to understanding what computers do and how their functioning is related to human language, thought, and action. While it is a book about computers, Understanding Computers and Cognition goes beyond the specific issues of what computers can or can't do. It is a broad-ranging discussion exploring the background of understanding in which the discourse about computers and technology takes place. Understanding Computers and Cognition is written for a wide audience, not just those professionals involved in computer design or artificial intelligence. It represents an important contribution to the ongoing discussion about what it means to be a machine, and what it means to be human. Book jacket.

The Computer and the Mind

Author : Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674156166
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (561 download)

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Book Synopsis The Computer and the Mind by : Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

Download or read book The Computer and the Mind written by Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a field choked with seemingly impenetrable jargon, Philip N. Johnson-Laird has done the impossible: written a book about how the mind works that requires no advance knowledge of artificial intelligence, neurophysiology, or psychology. The mind, he says, depends on the brain in the same way as the execution of a program of symbolic instructions depends on a computer, and can thus be understood by anyone willing to start with basic principles of computation and follow his step-by-step explanations. The author begins with a brief account of the history of psychology and the birth of cognitive science after World War II. He then describes clearly and simply the nature of symbols and the theory of computation, and follows with sections devoted to current computational models of how the mind carries out all its major tasks, including visual perception, learning, memory, the planning and control of actions, deductive and inductive reasoning, and the formation of new concepts and new ideas. Other sections discuss human communication, meaning, the progress that has been made in enabling computers to understand natural language, and finally the difficult problems of the conscious and unconscious mind, free will, needs and emotions, and self-awareness. In an envoi, the author responds to the critics of cognitive science and defends the computational view of the mind as an alternative to traditional dualism: cognitive science integrates mind and matter within the same explanatory framework. This first single-authored introduction to cognitive science will command the attention of students of cognitive science at all levels including psychologists, linguists, computer scientists, philosophers, and neuroscientists--as well as all readers curious about recent knowledge on how the mind works.

The Muse in the Machine

Author : David Gelernter
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 9781451603743
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis The Muse in the Machine by : David Gelernter

Download or read book The Muse in the Machine written by David Gelernter and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading mind in the world of artificial intelligence answers the provocative question: “Can we introduce emotion into the computer?” Can we introduce emotion into the computer? David Gelernter, one of the leading lights in artificial intelligence today, begins The Muse in the Machine with this provocative question. In providing an answer, he not only points to a future revolution in computers, but radically changes our views of the human mind itself. Bringing together insights from computer science, cognitive psychology, philosophy of mind, and literary theory, David Gelernter presents what is sure to be a much debated view of how humans have thought, how we think today, and how computers will learn to think in the future.

The Cognitive Approach to Conscious Machines

Author : Pentti O. Haikonen
Publisher : Andrews UK Limited
ISBN 13 : 1845408039
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (454 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cognitive Approach to Conscious Machines by : Pentti O. Haikonen

Download or read book The Cognitive Approach to Conscious Machines written by Pentti O. Haikonen and published by Andrews UK Limited. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Could a machine have an immaterial mind? The author argues that true conscious machines can be built, but rejects artificial intelligence and classical neural networks in favour of the emulation of the cognitive processes of the brain—the flow of inner speech, inner imagery and emotions. This results in a non-numeric meaning-processing machine with distributed information representation and system reactions. It is argued that this machine would be conscious; it would be aware of its own existence and its mental content and perceive this as immaterial. Novel views on consciousness and the mind–body problem are presented. This book is a must for anyone interested in consciousness research and the latest ideas in the forthcoming technology of mind.

Mind Over Machine

Author : Hubert Dreyfus
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0743205510
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis Mind Over Machine by : Hubert Dreyfus

Download or read book Mind Over Machine written by Hubert Dreyfus and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1986 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human intuition and perception are basic and essential phenomena of consciousness. As such, they will never be replicated by computers. This is the challenging notion of Hubert Dreyfus, Ph. D., archcritic of the artificial intelligence establishment. It's important to emphasize that he doesn't believe that AI is fundamentally impossible, only that the current research program is fatally flawed. Instead, he argues that to get a device (or devices) with human-like intelligence would require them to have a human-like being in the world, which would require them to have bodies more or less like ours, and social acculturation (i.e. a society) more or less like ours. This helps to explain the practical problems in implementing artificial intelligence algorithms.

Mind as Machine

Author : Margaret A. Boden
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019954316X
Total Pages : 789 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Mind as Machine by : Margaret A. Boden

Download or read book Mind as Machine written by Margaret A. Boden and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-19 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of cognitive science is one of the most remarkable and fascinating intellectual achievements of the modern era. The quest to understand the mind is as old as recorded human thought; but the progress of modern science has offered new methods and techniques which have revolutionized this enquiry. Oxford University Press now presents a masterful history of cognitive science, told by one of its most eminent practitioners. Cognitive science is the project of understanding the mind by modeling its workings. Psychology is its heart, but it draws together various adjoining fields of research, including artificial intelligence; neuroscientific study of the brain; philosophical investigation of mind, language, logic, and understanding; computational work on logic and reasoning; linguistic research on grammar, semantics, and communication; and anthropological explorations of human similarities and differences. Each discipline, in its own way, asks what the mind is, what it does, how it works, how it developed - how it is even possible. The key distinguishing characteristic of cognitive science, Boden suggests, compared with older ways of thinking about the mind, is the notion of understanding the mind as a kind of machine. She traces the origins of cognitive science back to Descartes's revolutionary ideas, and follows the story through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when the pioneers of psychology and computing appear. Then she guides the reader through the complex interlinked paths along which the study of the mind developed in the twentieth century. Cognitive science, in Boden's broad conception, covers a wide range of aspects of mind: not just 'cognition' in the sense of knowledge or reasoning, but emotion, personality, social communication, and even action. In each area of investigation, Boden introduces the key ideas and the people who developed them. No one else could tell this story as Boden can: she has been an active participant in cognitive science since the 1960s, and has known many of the key figures personally. Her narrative is written in a lively, swift-moving style, enriched by the personal touch of someone who knows the story at first hand. Her history looks forward as well as back: it is her conviction that cognitive science today--and tomorrow--cannot be properly understood without a historical perspective. Mind as Machine will be a rich resource for anyone working on the mind, in any academic discipline, who wants to know how our understanding of our mental activities and capacities has developed.

Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons

Author : Eric Dietrich
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483217655
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons by : Eric Dietrich

Download or read book Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons written by Eric Dietrich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons: Essays on the Intentionality of Machines explains how computations are meaningful and how computers can be cognitive agents like humans. This book focuses on the concept that cognition is computation. Organized into four parts encompassing 13 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the analogy between intentionality and phlogiston, the 17th-century principle of burning. This text then examines the objection to computationalism that it cannot prevent arbitrary attributions of content to the various data structures and representations involved in a computational process. Other chapters consider that the notion of original intentionality is incoherent. This book argues as well that the only way to build an intelligent machine is to build a neural network. The final chapter claims that an entire theoretical framework in cognitive psychology is incompatible with the view that human brains are computers of some sort. This book is a valuable resource for cognitive scientists.

Artifical Intelligence, Culture and Language: On Education and Work

Author : Bo Göranzon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447117298
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Artifical Intelligence, Culture and Language: On Education and Work by : Bo Göranzon

Download or read book Artifical Intelligence, Culture and Language: On Education and Work written by Bo Göranzon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book springs from a conference held in Stockholm in May June 1988 on Culture, Language and Artificial Intelligence. It assembled more than 300 researchers and practitioners in the fields of technology, philosophy, history of ideas, literature, lin guistics, social science, etc. It was an initiative from the Swedish Center for Working Life, based on the project AI-Based Systems and the Future of Language, Knowledge and Responsibility in Professions within the COST 13 programme of the European Commission. Participants in the conference, or in some cases researchers related to its aims, were chosen to contribute to this book. It was preceded by Knowledge, Skill and Artificial Intelligence (ed. B. G6ranzon and 1. Josefson, Springer-Verlag, London, 1988) and will be followed by Dialogue and Technology (ed. M. Florin and B. Goranzon, Springer-Verlag, London, 1990). The contributors' thinking in this field varies greatly; so do their styles of writing. For example: contributors have varied in their choice of 'he' or 'he/she' for the third person. No distinction is intended but chapters have been left with the original usage to avoid extensive changes. Similarly, individual contributor's preferences as to notes or references lists have been followed. We want to thank our researcher Satinder P. Gill for excellent work with summaries and indexes, and Sandi Irvine of Springer Verlag for eminent editorial work.

Minds, Brains, and Computers

Author : Ralph Morelli
Publisher : Intellect Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Minds, Brains, and Computers by : Ralph Morelli

Download or read book Minds, Brains, and Computers written by Ralph Morelli and published by Intellect Books. This book was released on 1992 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic questions addressed in this book are: what is the computational nature of cognition, and what role does it play in language and other mental processes?; What are the main characteristics of contemporary computational paradigms for describing cognition and how do they differ from each other?; What are the prospects for building cognition and how do they differ from each other?; and what are the prospects for building an artificial intelligence?

Minds, Brains and Science

Author : John R. Searle
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674267214
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Minds, Brains and Science by : John R. Searle

Download or read book Minds, Brains and Science written by John R. Searle and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minds, Brains and Science takes up just the problems that perplex people, and it does what good philosophy always does: it dispels the illusion caused by the specious collision of truths. How do we reconcile common sense and science? John Searle argues vigorously that the truths of common sense and the truths of science are both right and that the only question is how to fit them together. Searle explains how we can reconcile an intuitive view of ourselves as conscious, free, rational agents with a universe that science tells us consists of mindless physical particles. He briskly and lucidly sets out his arguments against the familiar positions in the philosophy of mind, and details the consequences of his ideas for the mind-body problem, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, questions of action and free will, and the philosophy of the social sciences.

Minds, Machines and Evolution

Author : Christopher Hookway
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521338288
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis Minds, Machines and Evolution by : Christopher Hookway

Download or read book Minds, Machines and Evolution written by Christopher Hookway and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1986-07-31 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original essays written by philosophers and scientists and dealing with philosophical questions arising from work in evolutionary biology and artificial intelligence.

The Biological Mind

Author : Alan Jasanoff
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 154164431X
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biological Mind by : Alan Jasanoff

Download or read book The Biological Mind written by Alan Jasanoff and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering neuroscientist argues that we are more than our brains To many, the brain is the seat of personal identity and autonomy. But the way we talk about the brain is often rooted more in mystical conceptions of the soul than in scientific fact. This blinds us to the physical realities of mental function. We ignore bodily influences on our psychology, from chemicals in the blood to bacteria in the gut, and overlook the ways that the environment affects our behavior, via factors varying from subconscious sights and sounds to the weather. As a result, we alternately overestimate our capacity for free will or equate brains to inorganic machines like computers. But a brain is neither a soul nor an electrical network: it is a bodily organ, and it cannot be separated from its surroundings. Our selves aren't just inside our heads--they're spread throughout our bodies and beyond. Only once we come to terms with this can we grasp the true nature of our humanity.

Why the Mind Is Not a Computer

Author : Raymond Tallis
Publisher : Andrews UK Limited
ISBN 13 : 1845405358
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (454 download)

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Book Synopsis Why the Mind Is Not a Computer by : Raymond Tallis

Download or read book Why the Mind Is Not a Computer written by Raymond Tallis and published by Andrews UK Limited. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The equation "Mind = Machine" is false. This pocket lexicon of "neuromythology" shows why. Taking a series of key words such as calculation, language, information and memory, Professor Tallis shows how their misuse has a lured a whole generation into accepting the computational model of the mind. First of all these words were used literally in the description of the human mind. Then computer scientists applied them metaphorically to the workings of their machines. And finally, their metaphorical status forgotten, the use of the terms was called as evidence of artificial intelligence in machines and the computational nature of conscious thought.

Brains, Machines, and Mathematics

Author : Michael A. Arbib
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461247829
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Brains, Machines, and Mathematics by : Michael A. Arbib

Download or read book Brains, Machines, and Mathematics written by Michael A. Arbib and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book whose time has come-again. The first edition (published by McGraw-Hill in 1964) was written in 1962, and it celebrated a number of approaches to developing an automata theory that could provide insights into the processing of information in brainlike machines, making it accessible to readers with no more than a college freshman's knowledge of mathematics. The book introduced many readers to aspects of cybernetics-the study of computation and control in animal and machine. But by the mid-1960s, many workers abandoned the integrated study of brains and machines to pursue artificial intelligence (AI) as an end in itself-the programming of computers to exhibit some aspects of human intelligence, but with the emphasis on achieving some benchmark of performance rather than on capturing the mechanisms by which humans were themselves intelligent. Some workers tried to use concepts from AI to model human cognition using computer programs, but were so dominated by the metaphor "the mind is a computer" that many argued that the mind must share with the computers of the 1960s the property of being serial, of executing a series of operations one at a time. As the 1960s became the 1970s, this trend continued. Meanwhile, experi mental neuroscience saw an exploration of new data on the anatomy and physiology of neural circuitry, but little of this research placed these circuits in the context of overall behavior, and little was informed by theoretical con cepts beyond feedback mechanisms and feature detectors.

The Muse in the Machine

Author : David Gelernter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781857020830
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Muse in the Machine by : David Gelernter

Download or read book The Muse in the Machine written by David Gelernter and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading mind in the world of artificial intelligence answers the provocative question: "Can we introduce emotion into the computer?" Can we introduce emotion into the computer? David Gelernter, one of the leading lights in artificial intelligence today, begins "The Muse in the Machine" with this provocative question. In providing an answer, he not only points to a future revolution in computers, but radically changes our views of the human mind itself. Bringing together insights from computer science, cognitive psychology, philosophy of mind, and literary theory, David Gelernter presents what is sure to be a much debated view of how humans have thought, how we think today, and how computers will learn to think in the future.

Minds, Brains, and Computers

Author : Robert Cummins
Publisher : Blackwell Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781557868770
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (687 download)

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Book Synopsis Minds, Brains, and Computers by : Robert Cummins

Download or read book Minds, Brains, and Computers written by Robert Cummins and published by Blackwell Publishing. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work offers a selection of seminal papers on the foundations of cognitive science, from leading figures in artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy and cognitive psychology. Each category includes papers that show the conception in question, illustrate, interpret or criticise it.