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Author : Joseph Olejniczak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Computational and Experimental Study of Nonequilibrium Chemistry in Hypersonic Flows written by Joseph Olejniczak and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. Capitelli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400902670
Total Pages : 798 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows written by M. Capitelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows bridges the gap between the fluid dynamics and molecular physics communities, emphasizing the role played by elementary processes in hypersonic flows. In particular, the work is primarily dedicated to filling the gap between microscopic and macroscopic treatments of the source terms to be inserted in the fluid dynamics codes. The first part of the book describes the molecular dynamics of elementary processes both in the gas phase and in the interaction with surfaces by using quantum mechanical and phenomenological approaches. A second group of contributions describes thermodynamics and transport properties of air components, with special attention to the transport of internal energy. A series of papers is devoted to the experimental and theoretical study of the flow of partially ionized gases. Subsequent contributions treat modern computational techniques for 3-D hypersonic flow. Non-equilibrium vibrational kinetics are then described, together with the coupling of vibration-dissociation processes as they affect hypersonic flows. Special emphasis is given to the interfacing of non-equilibrium models with computational fluid dynamics methods. Finally, the last part of the book deals with the application of direct Monte Carlo methods in describing rarefied flows.
Author : BERTIN
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461203759
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Advances in Hypersonics written by BERTIN and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These three volumes entitled Advances in Hypersonics contain the Proceedings of the Second and Third Joint US/Europe Short Course in Hypersonics which took place in Colorado Springs and Aachen. The Second Course was organized at the US Air Force Academy, USA in January 1989 and the Third Course at Aachen, Germany in October 1990. The main idea of these Courses was to present to chemists, com puter scientists, engineers, experimentalists, mathematicians, and physicists state of the art lectures in scientific and technical dis ciplines including mathematical modeling, computational methods, and experimental measurements necessary to define the aerothermo dynamic environments for space vehicles such as the US Orbiter or the European Hermes flying at hypersonic speeds. The subjects can be grouped into the following areas: Phys ical environments, configuration requirements, propulsion systems (including airbreathing systems), experimental methods for external and internal flow, theoretical and numerical methods. Since hyper sonic flight requires highly integrated systems, the Short Courses not only aimed to give in-depth analysis of hypersonic research and technology but also tried to broaden the view of attendees to give them the ability to understand the complex problem of hypersonic flight. Most of the participants in the Short Courses prepared a docu ment based on their presentation for reproduction in the three vol umes. Some authors spent considerable time and energy going well beyond their oral presentation to provide a quality assessment of the state of the art in their area of expertise as of 1989 and 1991.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author : Sriram Doraiswamy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Computational Study of Nonequilibrium Chemistry in High Temperature Flows written by Sriram Doraiswamy and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter P. Wegener
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Flows written by Peter P. Wegener and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jory Seguin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Non Equlibrium Chemistry for Hypersonic Flows Using an Edge-based Finite Element Method written by Jory Seguin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The development of hypersonic vehicles for civilian transport presents several multi-disciplinary design challenges. The highly energetic conditions in the flow field can lead to chemical and thermal non-equilibrium effects that render complex the estimation of aerothermodynamic quantities such as lift, drag, mechanical stresses and heat fluxes through the body. These calculations are essential for the aerodynamic design of the vehicle as well as the development of thermal protection systems. Thus, there is a need for advanced computational tools to assist in the preliminary design phase.The present work extends the capabilities of the HALO3D simulation software into the non-equilibrium regime. The numerical approach enables accurate and robust computation of hypersonic flows, as well as relatively straightforward coupling with additional physical models. The physical and numerical modeling of several aspects related to chemical non-equilibrium are discussed. The species transport equations are solved in a loosely-coupled manner to reduce computational cost and simplify implementation. Reactions are modeled using laminar finite-rate chemistry, and various vibration-dissociation coupling models account for the effect of thermal non-equilibrium in the chemistry. Varying mixture composition is accounted for in all thermodynamic relations and several mixture transport property models are implemented. All calculations are encapsulated in an edge-based finite element framework that simultaneously incorporates many of the advantages of finite volume and finite element methods.A methodical verification and validation is carried out to isolate the effects and mechanisms in the model. The chemical source term and vibration-dissociation coupling models are first verified through unsteady reactor cases, then the mass diffusion is verified using a mixing layer problem. Subsequently, two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium are simulated and comparisons are made against established codes and experimental data. Overall, the solver is shown to be extremely capable and promising for future hypersonics research. " --
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781722327156
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (271 download)
Download or read book Issues and Approach to Develop Validated Analysis Tools for Hypersonic Flows written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical issues concerning the modeling of low-density hypervelocity flows where thermochemical nonequilibrium effects are pronounced are discussed. Emphasis is on the development of validated analysis tools. A description of the activity in the Ames Research Center's Aerothermodynamics Branch is also given. Inherent in the process is a strong synergism between ground test and real-gas computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Approaches to develop and/or enhance phenomenological models and incorporate them into computational flow-field simulation codes are discussed. These models have been partially validated with experimental data for flows where the gas temperature is raised (compressive flows). Expanding flows, where temperatures drop, however, exhibit somewhat different behavior. Experimental data for these expanding flow conditions are sparse; reliance must be made on intuition and guidance from computational chemistry to model transport processes under these conditions. Ground-based experimental studies used to provide necessary data for model development and validation are described. Included are the performance characteristics of high-enthalpy flow facilities, such as shock tubes and ballistic ranges. Deiwert, George S. Ames Research Center RTOP 506-40-41...
Author : Bertin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461203716
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Advances in Hypersonics written by Bertin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These three volumes entitled Advances in Hypersonics contain the Proceedings of the Second and Third Joint US/Europe Short Course in Hypersonics which took place in Colorado Springs and Aachen. The Second Course was organized at the US Air Force Academy, USA in January 1989 and the Third Course at Aachen, Germany in October 1990. The main idea of these Courses was to present to chemists, com puter scientists, engineers, experimentalists, mathematicians, and physicists state of the art lectures in scientific and technical dis ciplines including mathematical modeling, computational methods, and experimental measurements necessary to define the aerothermo dynamic environments for space vehicles such as the US Orbiter or the European Hermes flying at hypersonic speeds. The subjects can be grouped into the following areas: Phys ical environments, configuration requirements, propulsion systems (including airbreathing systems), experimental methods for external and internal flow, theoretical and numerical methods. Since hyper sonic flight requires highly integrated systems, the Short Courses not only aimed to give in-depth analysis of hypersonic research and technology but also tried to broaden the view of attendees to give them the ability to understand the complex problem of hypersonic flight. Most of the participants in the Short Courses prepared a docu ment based on their presentation for reproduction in the three vol umes. Some authors spent considerable time and energy going well beyond their oral presentation to provide a quality assessment of the state of the art in their area of expertise as of 1989 and 1991.
Author : National Aeronaut Administration (Nasa)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781722689681
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Perspectives on Hypersonic Viscous and Nonequilibrium Flow Research written by National Aeronaut Administration (Nasa) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attempt is made to reflect on current focuses in certain areas of hypersonic flow research by examining recent works and their issues. Aspects of viscous interaction, flow instability, and nonequilibrium aerothermodynamics pertaining to theoretical interest are focused upon. The field is a diverse one, and many exciting works may have either escaped the writer's notice or been abandoned for the sake of space. Students of hypersonic viscous flow must face the transition problems towards the two opposite ends of the Reynolds or Knudsen number range, which represents two regimes where unresolved fluid/gas dynamic problems abound. Central to the hypersonic flow studies is high-temperature physical gas dynamics; here, a number of issues on modelling the intermolecular potentials and inelastic collisions remain the obstacles to quantitative predictions. Research in combustion and scramjet propulsion will certainly be benefitted by advances in turbulent mixing and new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) strategies on multi-scaled complex reactions. Even for the sake of theoretical development, the lack of pertinent experimental data in the right energy and density ranges is believed to be among the major obstacles to progress in aerothermodynamic research for hypersonic flight. To enable laboratory simulation of nonequilibrium effects anticipated for transatmospheric flight, facilities capable of generating high enthalpy flow at density levels higher than in existing laboratories are needed (Hornung 1988). A new free-piston shock tunnel capable of realizing a test-section stagnation temperature of 10(exp 5) at Reynolds number 50 x 10(exp 6)/cm is being completed and preliminary tests has begun (H. Hornung et al. 1992). Another laboratory study worthy of note as well as theoretical support is the nonequilibrium flow experiment of iodine vapor which has low activation energies for vibrational excitation and dissociation, and can be studied in a laboratory with modest resou...
Author : Sunny Jain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (69 download)
Download or read book Hypersonic Nonequilibrium Flow Simulations Over a Blunt Body Using Bgk Simulations written by Sunny Jain and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a continuous effort to unveil the physics of hypersonic flows both experimentally and numerically, in order to achieve an efficient hypersonic vehicle design. With the advent of the high speed computers, a lot of focus has been given on research pertaining to numerical approach to understand this physics. The features of such flows are quite different from those of subsonic, transonic and supersonic ones and thus normal CFD methodologies fail to capture the high speed flows efficiently. Such calculations are made even more challenging by the presence of nonequilibrium thermodynamic and chemical effects. Thus further research in the field of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is required for the accurate prediction of such high enthalpy flows. The objective of this thesis is to develop improved computational tools for hypersonic aerodynamics accounting for non-equilibrium effects. A survey of the fundamental theory and mathematical modeling pertaining to modeling high temperature flow physics is presented. The computational approaches and numerical methods pertaining to high speed flows are discussed. In the first part of this work, the fundamental theory and mathematical modeling pertaining to modeling high temperature flow physics is presented. Continuum based approach (Navier Stokes) and Boltzmann equation based approach (Gas Kinetic) are discussed. It is shown mathematically that unlike the most popular continuum based methods, Gas Kinetic method presented in this work satisfies the entropy condition. In the second part of this work, the computational approaches and numerical methods pertaining to high speed flows is discussed. In the continuum methods, the Steger Warming schemes and Roe's scheme are discussed. The kinetic approach discussed is the Boltzmann equation with Bhatnagar Gross Krook (BGK) collision operator. In the third part, the results from new computational fluid dynamics code developed are presented. A range of validation and verification test cases are presented. A comparison of the two common reconstruction techniques: Green Gauss gradient method and MUSCL scheme are discussed. Two of the most common failings of continuum based methods: excessive numerical dissipation and carbuncle phenomenon techniques, are investigated. It is found that for the blunt body problem, Boltzmann BGK method is free of these failings.
Author : Joseph J.S. Shang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000876993
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Classic and High-Enthalpy Hypersonic Flows written by Joseph J.S. Shang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classic and High-Enthalpy Hypersonic Flows presents a complete look at high-enthalpy hypersonic flow from a review of classic theories to a discussion of future advances centering around the Born-Oppenheim approximation, potential energy surface, and critical point for transition. The state-of-the-art hypersonic flows are defined by a seamless integration of the classic gas dynamic kinetics with nonequilibrium chemical kinetics, quantum transitions, and radiative heat transfer. The book is intended for graduate students studying advanced aerodynamics and taking courses in hypersonic flow. It can also serve as a professional reference for practicing aerospace and mechanical engineers of high-speed aerospace vehicles and propulsion system research, design, and evaluation. Features Presents a comprehensive review of classic hypersonic flow from the Newtonian theory to blast wave analogue. Introduces nonequilibrium chemical kinetics to gas dynamics for hypersonic flows in the high-enthalpy state. Integrates quantum mechanics to high-enthalpy hypersonic flows including dissociation and ionization. Covers the complete heat transfer process with radiative energy transfer for thermal protection of earth reentry vehicle. Develops and verifies the interdisciplinary governing equations for understanding and analyzing realistic hypersonic flows.
Author : Clifton Mortensen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Effects of Thermochemical Nonequilibrium on Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Instability in the Presence of Surface Ablation Or Isolated Two-Dimensional Roughness written by Clifton Mortensen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current understanding of the effects of thermochemical nonequilibrium on hypersonic boundary-layer instability still contains uncertainties, and there has been little research into the effects of surface ablation, or two-dimensional roughness, on hypersonic boundary-layer instability. The objective of this work is to study the effects of thermochemical nonequilibrium on hypersonic boundary-layer instability. More specifically, two separate nonequilibrium flow configurations are studied: 1) flows with graphite surface ablation, and 2) flows with isolated two-dimensional surface roughness. These two flow types are studied numerically and theoretically, using direct numerical simulation and linear stability theory, respectively. To study surface ablation, a new high-order shock-fitting method with thermochemical nonequilibrium and finite-rate chemistry boundary conditions for graphite ablation is developed and validated. The method is suitable for direct numerical simulation of boundary-layer transition in a hypersonic real-gas flow with graphite ablation. The new method is validated by comparison with three computational data sets and one set of experimental data. Also, a thermochemical nonequilibrium linear stability theory solver with a gas phase model that includes multiple carbon species, as well as a linearized surface graphite ablation model, is developed and validated. It is validated with previously published linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation results. A high-order method for discretizing the linear stability equations is used which can easily include high-order boundary conditions. The developed codes are then used to study hypersonic boundary-layer instability for a 7 deg half angle blunt cone at Mach 15.99 and the Reentry F experiment at 100~kft. Multiple simulations are run with the same geometry and freestream conditions to help separate real gas, blowing, and carbon species effects on hypersonic boundary-layer instability. For the case at Mach 15.99, a directly simulated 525~kHz second-mode wave was found to be significantly unstable for the real-gas simulation, while in the ideal-gas simulations, no significant flow instability is seen. An N factor comparison also shows that real-gas effects significantly destabilize the flow when compared to an ideal gas. Blowing is destabilizing for the real gas simulation and has a negligible effect for the ideal gas simulation due to the different locations of instability onset. Notably, carbon species resulting from ablation are shown to slightly stabilize the flow for both cases. For the Reentry F flow conditions, inclusion of the ablating nose cone was shown to increase the region of second mode growth near the nose cone. Away from the nose cone, the second mode was relatively unaffected. Experimental and numerical results have shown that two-dimensional surface roughness can stabilize a hypersonic boundary layer dominated by second-mode instability. It is sought to understand how this physical phenomenon extends from an airflow under a perfect gas assumption to that of a flow in thermochemical nonequilibrium. To these ends, a new high-order shock-fitting method that includes thermochemical nonequilibrium and a cut-cell method, to handle complex geometries unsuitable for structured body-fitted grids, is presented. The new method is designed specifically for direct numerical simulation of hypersonic boundary-layer transition in a hypersonic real-gas flow with arbitrary shaped surface roughness. The new method is validated and shown to perform comparably to a high-order method with a body-fitted grid. For a Mach 10 flow over a flat plate, a two-dimensional roughness element was found to stabilize the second mode when placed downstream of the synchronization location. This result is consistent with previous results for perfect-gas flows. For a Mach 15 flow over a flat plate, a two-dimensional surface roughness element stabilizes the second-mode instability more effectively in a thermochemical nonequilibrium flow, than in a corresponding perfect gas flow.
Author : Deepak Narayan Ramanath
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (765 download)
Download or read book Computational Studies of Hypersonic High Enthalpy Separated Flows written by Deepak Narayan Ramanath and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypersonic high enthalpy separated flows over two configurations, a rearward facing step and a compression corner were numerically investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Separated flow over the rearward facing step was studied at two enthalpies, 26 MJ/kg and 50 MJ/kg, corresponding to suborbital and superorbital speeds. The shock wave/boundary layer interaction and separation at the compression corner were studied at low and moderate enthalpies of 3 MJ/kg and 20 MJ/kg respectively. The numerical results have been compared to the available experimental data obtained in the X2 expansion tube facility which generates suborbital and superorbital speeds. The compression corner experimental data was obtained in the T3 free piston driven shock tunnel. In both these studies the flow medium was air. Two CFD codes, MB-CNS-2 and Eilmer-3, which primarily solve time-accurate Navier-Stokes equations were used to investigate the flow fields utilising AUSMDV flux splitting method. The perfect gas and chemical nonequilibrium calculations used MB-CNS-2, and the chemical plus thermal nonequilibrium, Eilmer-3. The chemical nonequilibrium behaviour of the gas was based on Gupta's kinetic scheme, whereas the thermo-chemical nonequilibrium was based on Park's two-temperature model. The computational flow establishments over attached and separated flows under suborbital and superorbital conditions suggested that the flow requires a longer time to establish than was available for testing in the X2 facility. Heat flux comparisons with experiments over the flat plate showed fair agreement and indicated that the boundary layer was essentially chemically and thermally frozen. In the close vicinity of the step, the presence of the Goldstein Singularity over the lip was observed and separation occurred on the face of the step. The separation moved further down the face with decrease in Reynolds number. A pressure minimum was shown to develop close to the location of separation as a result of over expansion followed by a recompression to the base pressure through a lip shock. Between separation and reattachment, the effects of chemical reactions were found to be negligible and the species were essentially frozen. A small region of thermal equilibrium prevailed close to the bottom corner of the step. Downstream of the step, the computed heat flux showed reasonable agreement with experiments. Computations with a rounded corner step configuration showed an increase in heat flux, skin friction and pressure between separation and reattachment with the increase in corner radius. In particular, the base pressure increased by nearly 30% for a fully rounded corner compared with a sharp corner in suborbital flow, while, in superorbital flow, it increased by a factor of 10. The increase in base pressure with increase in corner radius appears to be due, firstly, to the decrease in the strength of the expansion (resulting in a less steeper fall in pressure) and secondly, due to the formation of the recompression shock nearer to the base. The effects of chemistry were again found to be insignificant in the separated region. Computed flow visualisations showed that the shear layer at separation gradually became parallel to the plate as the radius increased. The compression corner results for the higher enthalpy flow showed that the separation, reattachment and recirculation regions were affected by chemical reactions. The heat flux and pressure comparisons with experiments for attached, incipiently separated and fully separated flows, suggested that CFD can reasonably predict the laminar shock boundary/layer interaction in the separated region at the corner. Significant differences were noted downstream over the ramp surface, particularly in regard to both locations and magnitudes of the peak heat flux and pressure and in the subsequent distributions of both heat flux and pressure. Under low enthalpy conditions, a similar situation was noted but chemical reactions were insignificant. The Eilmer-3 code was also used on the well known double cone configuration and the results were compared with the bench mark experimental data and previous CFD simulations based on steady solutions. The comparison of the present CFD data with these previous CFD and experimental data was fair at best highlighting not only the need for refined grids but also the difference between the time dependent and steady state approaches.
Author : George S. Deiwert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Issues and Approach to Develop Validated Analysis Tools for Hypersonic Flows: One Perspective written by George S. Deiwert and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : S. Menne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Computation of 3-D Hypersonic Flows in Chemical Non-equilibrium Including Transport Phenomena written by S. Menne and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
