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Commitment And Potential Of Dental Pulp Stem Cells
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Book Synopsis Commitment and Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells by : Chi Lee
Download or read book Commitment and Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells written by Chi Lee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play an integral role during dentine injury where they migrate towards the injury site, proliferate, differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and secrete a mineralised matrix, protecting the vital pulp tissue and preserving the tooth organ. Dentine matrix proteins (DMP) may have a role in stimulating this reparative dentine formation. Multiple adult stem cells make up the DPSC population. Within this study progenitor cells were isolated from dental pulp by preferential fibronectin adherence (FNA) or using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) to isolate P75 expressing neural crest cells. Clonally expanded colonies were established. The proliferative FNA and P75-sorted populations were shown to be distinct progenitors with differing morphology and stem cell marker expression. One FNA clonal population was differentiated into mesenchymal lineages that established it as a multipotent DPSC population. Clonal populations were supplemented with DMP in vitro to examine the potential role of DMP in modulating cell behaviour during dentine injury. Supplementing with DMP had a dose dependent response on DPSC viability, increased cell numbers,reduced apoptosis and promoted cell migration, suggesting that the growth factors in DMP may have a positive synergistic effect on DPSC behaviour. Fluorescently stained DPSCs were microinjected into transverse tooth slices and placed in culture to develop an ex vivo model to study DPSC behaviour in a tooth environment. Injected cells remained viable after 7 days of culture, providing proof of concept data that DPSCs can be localised for study in situ. This thesis was successful in the isolation of clonal populations representing progenitor cells with different characteristics. Supplementing DPSCs with DMP promoted cell behaviour facilitating reparative dentinogenesis, indicating a potential clinical application for DMP in restorative therapy. The study of DPSCs using the ex vivo model will be important in further development of these novel therapies for dental tissue regeneration.
Book Synopsis Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential by : Barbara Zavan
Download or read book Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential written by Barbara Zavan and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the basic aspects of dental stem cells (DSCs) as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It opens with a discussion of classification, protocols, and properties of DSCs and proceeds to explore DSCs within the contexts of cryopreservation; epigenetics; pulp, periodontal, tooth, bone, and corneal stroma regeneration; neuronal properties, mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials; and as sources of hepatocytes for liver disease treatment. The fifteen expertly authored chapters comprehensively examine possible applications of DSCs and provide invaluable insights into mechanisms of growth and differentiation. Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential draws from a wealth of international perspectives and is an essential addition to the developing literature on dental stem cells. This installment of Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series is indispensable for biomedical researchers interested in bioengineering, dentistry, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cell biology and oncology.
Book Synopsis Dental Pulp Stem Cells by : Sibel Yildirim
Download or read book Dental Pulp Stem Cells written by Sibel Yildirim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell technology is moving forward at a tremendous rate. Recent discoveries have surprised even the most expert researchers. While every piece of new data broadens the current knowledge and contributes to this moving forward, the new data also serve as paradigm shifters of fundamental knowledge of cell biology. While the question ‘What is a Stem Cell’ may now seem to basic to even discuss, there are still some discrepancies, however, between groups in terms of their functional roles. Teeth develop from the ectoderm of the first branchial arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. Deciduous teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth weeks, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth weeks. Several studies have demonstrated that the pulp from both adult teeth and deciduous teeth contains dental pulp stem cells. Several factors have made them very attractive as a model system for many researchers; they are multipotent, ethically and non-controversially available in large numbers, immuno-compatible, developmentally primitive, easy to isolate and have high expansion potential in vitro. However, many controversies still exist in the field. There are several unanswered questions in the biology of dental pulp and odontoblasts. This new volume in the SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells series presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration.
Book Synopsis Dental Stem Cells by : Fikrettin Şahin
Download or read book Dental Stem Cells written by Fikrettin Şahin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores Dental Stem Cell (DSC) biology, from a review of basic concepts for cell culture, to isolation, self-renewal, multipotency and differentiation, regulation by molecular medicine, and prospective research areas for regenerative medicine. The first seven chapters delve into basic DSC properties, vital signaling pathways involved in differentiation, pluripotency, iPS cell development from DSCs, and genetic engineering approaches of DSCs in accordance with the current literature. A comprehensive review of possible clinical applications and in vitro/in vivo studies follows, illustrating the future of DSC research for in the tissue engineering field. The text also discusses the political, ethical, social, and legal ramifications of the use of dental stem cells. Expertly authored and drawing from a multitude of international perspectives, Dental Stem Cells is an invaluable addition to Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series. It is essential reading for advanced graduate students, basic researchers, and clinical investigators in the fields of stem cell therapy, biological sciences of dentistry, and regenerative medicine.
Book Synopsis Odontogenesis by : Petros Papagerakis
Download or read book Odontogenesis written by Petros Papagerakis and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2019-04-22 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides methods and approaches to study genetic and environmental regulatory controls on odontogenesis. Chapters guide readers through protocols for isolation and characterization of both epithelial and mesenchymal dental cells, methods on isolation, phenotypic characterization, expansion, differentiation, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, imaging protocols, rodent dental fluorosis model, 3D assessment of crown size, dental diseases models, next generation sequencing, genetic and epigenetic studies, genome-wide association studies as well as clinical protocols for measurement of early childhood caries and saliva, and supragingival fluids and biofilm collection and subsequent analyses. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Odontogenesis: Methods and Protocols aims to guide researchers towards elucidating the secrets and mysteries of a fascinating and unique organ, the tooth.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Their Potential Clinical Applications by : Kajohnkiart Janebodin
Download or read book Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Their Potential Clinical Applications written by Kajohnkiart Janebodin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were first isolated and characterized from human teeth and most studies have focused on using human DPSCs for dentin regeneration. However, mouse DPSCs have not been well characterized and their origin(s) have not yet been elucidated. I examined if murine DPSCs are neural crest derived and determined their in vitro and in vivo capacity. DPSCs from neonatal mice expressed embryonic stem cell and neural crest genes, but lacked expression of mesodermal genes. Cells isolated from the Wnt1-Cre/R26R-LacZ mouse, a reporter of neural crest-derived tissues, indicated that DPSCs were Wnt1-marked and therefore of neural crest origin. Clonal DPSCs showed multi-differentiation in neural crest lineage for odontoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons, and smooth muscles. In vivo subcutaneous transplantation with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, based on tissue/cell morphology and specific antibody staining, revealed that the clones differentiated into odontoblast-like cells and produced dentin/pulp-like structure. Conversely, femur-derived bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) gave rise to osteoblast-like cells and generated bone-like structure. Interestingly, the capillary distribution in the DPSC transplants showed close proximity to odontoblasts whereas in the BMSC transplants bone condensations were distant to capillaries resembling dentinogenesis in the former vs. osteogenesis in the latter. Loss of functional salivary gland causes patients' moribidities from difficulties in swallowing and speech, as well as oral diseases. Stem cell therapy is considered a potential therapeutic alternative. However, combinatory approaches including not only salivary gland stem cells but also supportive cells and appropriate extracellular matrix are necessary to form a functional salivary gland. Like tooth formation, the development of salivary gland requires epithelium interacting with neural crest-derived mesenchyme. I used the human salivary gland (HSG) cell line as a model to study the effects of DPSCs on salivary gland differentiation. In vitro differentiation on matrigel showed that HSG alone and HSG co-cultured with Wnt1-Cre/R26R-LacZ derived DPSCs (HSG+DPSC) differentiated into acinar-like structures. However, HSG formed more mature (higher expression of LAMP-1 and CD44), larger and increased numbers of acini in HSG+DPSC. Subcutaneous co-transplantation of HSG and DPSCs with hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels after 2 weeks was evaluated by Q-RT-PCR, morphology and immunohistology. Compared to HSG transplants which only showed undifferentiated tumor-like cells, HSG+DPSC demonstrated (1) higher expression of murine mesenchymal marker Fgf-7, (2) higher expression of mature human salivary gland differentiation marker alpha-amylase-1 (AMY-1), (3) higher expression of murine endothelial, vWF, neuronal, NF-200, and angiogenic markers, Vegfr-3 and Vegf-c, (4) mucin-secreting acinar- and duct-like structures with abundant blood vessels at the interface with DPSCs, and (5) more mature glandular structures double-positive for salivary gland differentiation markers CD44 and LAMP-1. These results indicate that DPSCs supported and enhanced HSG differentiation into functional salivary gland tissue. In addition, DPSCs have previously demonstrated potential pericyte-like topography and function. However, the mechanisms regulating their pericyte function are still yet to be elucidated. DPSC angiogenic and pericyte function were investigated Tie2-GFP derived dental pulp cells were negative for GFP driven by the endothelial Tie2 transgene, indicating an absence of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells co-cultured with DPSCs formed more mature in vitro tube-like structures as compared to those co-cultured with BMSCs. Many DPSCs were located adjacent to vascular tubes, suggesting a pericyte location and function. In vivo DPSCs subcutaneously transplanted in matrigel (MG) (DPSC-MG) induced more vessel formation than BMSC-MG. DPSCs expressed higher Vegfd, Vegfr3, EphrinB2 levels. Soluble Flt (sFlt), an angiogenic inhibitor that binds VEGF-A, significantly decreased the amount of blood vessels in DPSC-MG, but not in BMSC-MG. sFlt inhibited VEGFR2 and downstream ERK signaling and down-regulated Vegfa, Vegf receptors and EphrinB2 expression in DPSCs. Therefore, DPSC-induced angiogenesis is VEGF-dependent. DPSCs enhance angiogenesis by secreting VEGF-A, -C, -D and forming tight associations with vessels, resembling pericyte-like cells. Taken together, I demonstrate the existence of neural crest-derived DPSCs with differentiation capacity into cranial mesenchymal tissues and other neural crest-derived tissues. I also illustrate the potential of DPSCs as inductive mesenchyme for salivary gland regeneration, repair, and tissue engineering, and provide first insights into the mechanism(s) of DPSC angiogenic capacity and their function as pericytes. DPSCs hold promise as a stem cell source for regenerating neural crest derived tissues, and the trophic and angiogenic properties of DPSCs also highlight this stem cell source useful for tissue regeneration.
Book Synopsis Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences by : Ajaykumar Vishwakarma
Download or read book Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences written by Ajaykumar Vishwakarma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences bridges the gap left by many tissue engineering and stem cell biology titles to highlight the significance of translational research in this field in the medical sciences. It compiles basic developmental biology with keen focus on cell and matrix biology, stem cells with relevance to tissue engineering biomaterials including nanotechnology and current applications in various disciplines of dental sciences; viz., periodontology, endodontics, oral & craniofacial surgery, dental implantology, orthodontics & dentofacial orthopedics, organ engineering and transplant medicine. In addition, it covers research ethics, laws and industrial pitfalls that are of particular importance for the future production of tissue constructs. Tissue Engineering is an interdisciplinary field of biomedical research, which combines life, engineering and materials sciences, to progress the maintenance, repair and replacement of diseased and damaged tissues. This ever-emerging area of research applies an understanding of normal tissue physiology to develop novel biomaterial, acellular and cell-based technologies for clinical and non-clinical applications. As evident in numerous medical disciplines, tissue engineering strategies are now being increasingly developed and evaluated as potential routine therapies for oral and craniofacial tissue repair and regeneration. - Diligently covers all the aspects related to stem cell biology and tissue engineering in dental sciences: basic science, research, clinical application and commercialization - Provides detailed descriptions of new, modern technologies, fabrication techniques employed in the fields of stem cells, biomaterials and tissue engineering research including details of latest advances in nanotechnology - Includes a description of stem cell biology with details focused on oral and craniofacial stem cells and their potential research application throughout medicine - Print book is available and black and white, and the ebook is in full color
Book Synopsis The Role of Polycomb Group Ring Finger 1 in Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation by : Kareena Kevork
Download or read book The Role of Polycomb Group Ring Finger 1 in Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation written by Kareena Kevork and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DPSCs, also known as, dental pulp stem cells, were the first human dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to be identified from pulp tissues. DPSCs and their classification as mesenchymal stem cells is an attractive target for clinical applications in dentistry. DPSCs have been shown to differentiate into odontoblasts/osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. While studying a rare genetic disorder, Fan et al was able to uncover BCOR, a complex in which mutation could have intrinsic effect on the function of MSCs from the root apical papilla. One of the members of the BCOR complex is polycomb group ring finger 1 (PCGF1). PCGF1 is also a member of the polycomb group repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Due to its membership in repressive complexes, BCOR and PRC1, and its role in development, in this study we decided to investigate the role of PCGF1 in DPSC odontogenic differentiation. In order to evaluate the role of PCGF1 in DPSCs, we used small interfering RNA to silence the PCGF1 gene and observe the changes in our DPSC population. We found that after PCGF1 knockdown and treatment with odontogenic/osteogenic inducing media, mineralized nodule formation and odontogenic potential decreased, suggesting that PCGF1 plays a role in the odontogenic lineage commitment of DPSCs. We also found that mechanistically, PCGF1 blocks inhibition of developmental genes MSX1/MSX2 and DLX2/DLX5 in order to facilitate the odontogenic lineage commitment of DPSCs. Taken together, this study might shed light on the potential therapeutic implications of exploiting this pathway in DPSCs.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells in Oral Cavity: From Development to Regeneration by : Mikihito Kajiya
Download or read book Stem Cells in Oral Cavity: From Development to Regeneration written by Mikihito Kajiya and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dental Pulp Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by : Sibel Yildirim
Download or read book Dental Pulp Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells written by Sibel Yildirim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-12-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stem Cells in Dentistry by : Alisina Karimi
Download or read book Stem Cells in Dentistry written by Alisina Karimi and published by Book Rivers. This book was released on 2022-02-02 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological solutions to biological problems are emerging as a new paradigm in dentistry and medicine. Diagnosis, treatment, therapeutics and biomaterials are all becoming biological and gene-based. We are on the verge of shifting or evolving from mechanical (e.g. surgical) to biological solutions for health promotion, risk assessment, diagnostics, treatments, therapeutics, and health care outcomes.(
Book Synopsis Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry by : Rachel J. Waddington
Download or read book Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry written by Rachel J. Waddington and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Strategies presents a thorough update on the current advances, methods and understanding in tissue engineering in dentistry. It offers invaluable tools, case studies, and methodologies for undertaking research, including important biological and practical considerations to facilitate successful migration of research from the bench to the clinic. Offers detailed coverage of the basic underlying principles and scientific evidence, and includes protocols to highlight practical applications Written by an internationally renowned team of expert contributors A must-have read for researchers and specialist clinicians in tissue engineering, oral biology, dental materials science, periodontology and oral surgery
Download or read book Stem Cells written by Khawaja H. Haider and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, the contributing authors from top labs involved in stem cell theranostics share the latest advances in the field of stem cell research. The book covers many aspects of stem cell-based therapy and the progress made toward stem cell therapy for liver, ocular, and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. This volume serves as a continuation of Prof. Khawaja Husnain Haider’s previously edited books pertaining to stem cells-based therapnostics. This is an ideal book for researchers involved in drug development as well as regenerative medicine and stem cell-based therapy. The secondary audience includes graduate and postgraduate medical students, doctors, cellular pharmacology, drug industry, and researchers involved in using stem cells as ex-vivo disease models for drug development.
Book Synopsis Dental Stem Cells Culturing for the Future (Penerbit USM) by : Muhammad Fawwaz Abdullah
Download or read book Dental Stem Cells Culturing for the Future (Penerbit USM) written by Muhammad Fawwaz Abdullah and published by Penerbit USM. This book was released on 2016 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of stem cells for various treatment purposes came to be realized after the advent of its prolific research. Stem cells are being popularly harvested from many sources such as embryo and bone marrow. However, harvesting and reaping the beneficial effects of stem cells from dental pulp is still cradling in its infancy. Indeed, there is a dearth of information on the detailed procedure of harvesting the stem cells from the dental pulp. This book is a compendium which highlights on the procedures of harvesting the stem cells from dental pulp and its characterization, with the aim to trigger the interests of the readers who are keen to venture further in this field. Keywords: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penerbit Universiti Sains Malayia, Penerbit USM
Book Synopsis Dental Pulp Stem Cells by : Sibel Yildirim
Download or read book Dental Pulp Stem Cells written by Sibel Yildirim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell technology is moving forward at a tremendous rate. Recent discoveries have surprised even the most expert researchers. While every piece of new data broadens the current knowledge and contributes to this moving forward, the new data also serve as paradigm shifters of fundamental knowledge of cell biology. While the question ‘What is a Stem Cell’ may now seem to basic to even discuss, there are still some discrepancies, however, between groups in terms of their functional roles. Teeth develop from the ectoderm of the first branchial arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. Deciduous teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth weeks, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth weeks. Several studies have demonstrated that the pulp from both adult teeth and deciduous teeth contains dental pulp stem cells. Several factors have made them very attractive as a model system for many researchers; they are multipotent, ethically and non-controversially available in large numbers, immuno-compatible, developmentally primitive, easy to isolate and have high expansion potential in vitro. However, many controversies still exist in the field. There are several unanswered questions in the biology of dental pulp and odontoblasts. This new volume in the SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells series presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells Derived from Dental Pulp and Their Application Potential on Tissue Regeneration by : Weibo Zhang
Download or read book Stem Cells Derived from Dental Pulp and Their Application Potential on Tissue Regeneration written by Weibo Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells by :
Download or read book Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers all aspects of embryonic stem cell differentiation, including mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse embryonic germ cells, monkey and human embryonic stem cells, and gene discovery.* Early commitment steps and generation of chimeric mice* Differentiation to mesoderm derivatives* Gene discovery by manipulation of mouse embryonic stem cells
