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Charge Accommodation Dynamics Of Cluster And Molecular Anions Produced By Photo Initiated Intracluster Charge Transfer
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Book Synopsis Charge Accommodation Dynamics of Cluster and Molecular Anions Produced by Photo-initiated Intracluster Charge Transfer by : Margaret Ashley Yandell
Download or read book Charge Accommodation Dynamics of Cluster and Molecular Anions Produced by Photo-initiated Intracluster Charge Transfer written by Margaret Ashley Yandell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-resolved photoelectron imaging spectroscopy is used to examine the dynamics of charge accommodation by solvent species and biomolecules upon photo-initiated intracluster charge transfer. Excitation of a charge transfer state of an iodide-complexed molecule or cluster with a UV pulse and subsequent interrogation by photodetachment with a lower energy probe enables detection of changes in photoelectron signals over hundreds of femtoseconds. Velocity map imaging detection permits simultaneous collection of electron kinetic energy (eKE) and photoelectron angular distributions that provide insight into the strength and structure of the association between the cluster or molecule and the excess electron. Application of this methodology to iodide-containing clusters of small polar molecules such as water, methanol, and ethanol elucidates the stability and extent of intramolecular forces within a given cluster. In complexes of iodide with small solvent clusters (≤ 10 molecules), iodide is situated somewhat outside of the solvent network. Interaction of iodide-water clusters with a UV pulse to produce iodine and a free electron results in the partial solvation of the excess charge through hydrogen bonding interactions over hundreds of picoseconds before electron autodetachment. In contrast, methanol and ethanol cluster networks can only support the excess charge for tens of ps. Notably, stable bare water cluster anions have previously been measured with as few as two molecules, while upwards of seventy methanol molecules are necessary to stabilize an excess electron. Drawing an analogy between electron autodetachment and statistical unimolecular decay, an excited iodide-water cluster with a given number of water molecules might be expected to decay most rapidly given its significantly smaller density of states. The observation of the opposite pattern, as well as the similarity between iodide-methanol and -ethanol cluster anion lifetimes, suggests that energetics, rather than molecular structure, play a larger role in stabilizing an excess charge to autodetachment. Applying a thermionic emission model confirms this result. The dynamics of charge accommodation are also examined for small biomolecules. Radiative damage to DNA caused by low energy electrons is thought to originate in the attachment of an electron to a nucleobase unit of a nucleotide in the DNA double helix. Previous experiments have examined binding motifs and fragmentation patterns of transient negative ions (TNIs) of nucleobases using Rydberg electron transfer from excited noble gas atoms or collision of the nucleobase with a beam of electrons of defined energy. Here, nascent TNIs of the nucleobase uracil are created by intracluster charge transfer from a complexed iodide ion and their decay examined with time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Anions created with several hundred meV of excess energy appear as valence anions and are observed to decay biexponentially with time constants of hundreds of fs and tens of ps by iodine atom loss and autodetachment. Repetition of these experiments with uracil molecules methylated at the N1, N3, or C5 positions results in a dramatic reduction of the longer time constant. The addition of the methyl group may hasten the intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution process preceding autodetachment. Photoelectron spectroscopy of isolated nucleobase anions has measured only the dipole-bound state (DBS) of the anion consisting of an electron weakly associated with the molecular dipole moment and very delocalized over the molecular structure. Though the valence anion has not been directly measured, the DBS has been posited to serve as a `doorway' to the valence-bound state (VBS). Such a mechanism has also been proposed for nitromethane. In contrast, acetonitrile should only support a DB anion state. Examination of nascent acetonitrile and nitromethane anions excited near the vertical detachment energies of their corresponding iodide-molecule complexes indeed produces the DB acetonitrile anion, which then decays biexponentially with time constants of few and hundreds of ps by iodine atom loss and autodetachment. The nitromethane DB anion decays rapidly over hundreds of fs to form the valence anion, which decays biexponentially with time constants similar to those measured for the acetonitrile DB anion. This study marks the first direct observation of a transition from a dipole-bound anion to a valence anion and will inform future studies of iodide-nucleobase complexes.
Book Synopsis Structure, Photochemistry and Charge-transfer-to-solvent Relaxation Dynamics of Anionic Clusters by : Kadyr K. Timergazine
Download or read book Structure, Photochemistry and Charge-transfer-to-solvent Relaxation Dynamics of Anionic Clusters written by Kadyr K. Timergazine and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, various methods of computational chemistry have been applied to study the structure, photochemistry and dynamics of small anionic clusters in order to obtain some insight into the fundamental nature of molecule-molecule and electron molecule interactions. The main theme of this Thesis evolves around charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) excited states of small halide-polar molecule clusters and concomitant phenomena, with specific attention to iodide-acetonitrile clusters I - (CH 3 CN) n . The structure of ground-state halide-acetonitrile complexes is determined by a competition between ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. The latter is dominant for complexes formed by all halide ions, except for the binary iodide acetonitrile complex I - (CH 3 CN), which is stabilized by only ion-dipole interactions. On the other hand, in the excited or ionized iodide complexes and clusters, the non-uniform electron density distribution around the neutral iodine atom due to the unpaired electron and spin-orbit coupling effects plays a very important role in interactions of the iodine atom with molecules or ions. The CTTS excitation of iodide-solvent clusters leads to the transfer of an electron from iodide to a diffuse dipole-bound orbital. The calculated excitation energies for the iodide-acetonitrile complex, as well as the vertical detachment energies of the excited electron have been found to be in a good agreement with available experimental data. For the first time, the relaxation dynamics of CTTS excited states in clusters has been studied by means of first-principles excited-state molecular dynamics simulations for paradigm iodide-acetonitrile I - (CH 3 CN) and iodide-water I - (H 2 O) 3 clusters. Whereas the departure of a neutral iodine atom can lead to stabilization of the excited electron, in agreement with state-of-the-art femtosecond spectroscopy experimental data, the solvent dynamics should not be neglected when interpreting experimental results. The photoexcitation and subsequent relaxation of I - (CH 3 CN) n clusters can lead to formation of acetonitrile cluster anions, which are characterized by the binding of the excess electron in a dipole-bound orbital outside of acetonitrile molecules, as shown for the prototype acetonitrile dimer anion. At the same time, in solution or relatively large clusters, two acetonitrile molecules can dimerize, forming a weak covalent carbon-carbon bond and allowing for delocalization and binding of the excess electron in their valence orbitals.
Book Synopsis Metal-Ligand Interactions in Chemistry, Physics and Biology by : N. Russo
Download or read book Metal-Ligand Interactions in Chemistry, Physics and Biology written by N. Russo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Cetraro (CS) Italy, from 1-12 September 1998
Download or read book Nanocatalysis written by Ulrich Heiz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-10 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocatalysis, a subdiscipline of nanoscience, seeks to control chemical reactions by changing the size, dimensionality, chemical composition, and morphology of the reaction center and by changing the kinetics using nanopatterning of the reaction center. This book offers a detailed pedagogical and methodological overview of the field. Readers discover many examples of current research, helping them explore new and emerging applications.
Book Synopsis Physical Chemistry of Cold Gas-phase Functional Molecules and Clusters by : Takayuki Ebata
Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Cold Gas-phase Functional Molecules and Clusters written by Takayuki Ebata and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes advanced research on the structures and photochemical properties of polyatomic molecules and molecular clusters having various functionalities under cold gas-phase conditions. Target molecules are crown ethers, polypeptides, large size protonated clusters, metal clusters, and other complex polyatomic molecules of special interest. A variety of advanced frequency and time-domain laser spectroscopic methods are applied. The book begins with the principle of an experimental setup for cold gas-phase molecules and various laser spectroscopic methods, followed by chapters on investigation of specific molecular systems. Through a molecular-level approach and analysis by quantum chemical calculation, it is possible to learn how atomic and molecular-level interactions (van der Waals, hydrogen-bonding, and others) control the specific properties of molecules and clusters. Those properties include molecular recognition, induced fitting, chirality, proton and hydrogen transfer, isomerization, and catalytic reaction. The information will be applicable to the design of new types of functional molecules and nanoparticles in the broad area that includes applied chemistry, drug delivery systems, and catalysts.
Download or read book Radiation Chemistry written by Farhataziz and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mobile Radio Communications and 5G Networks by : Nikhil Marriwala
Download or read book Mobile Radio Communications and 5G Networks written by Nikhil Marriwala and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book features original papers by active researchers presented at the International Conference on Mobile Radio Communications and 5G Networks. It includes recent advances and upcoming technologies in the field of cellular systems, 2G/2.5G/3G/4G/5G and beyond, LTE, WiMAX, WMAN, and other emerging broadband wireless networks, WLAN, WPAN, and various home/personal networking technologies, pervasive and wearable computing and networking, small cells and femtocell networks, wireless mesh networks, vehicular wireless networks, cognitive radio networks and their applications, wireless multimedia networks, green wireless networks, standardization of emerging wireless technologies, power management and energy conservation techniques.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry by : Frank Herbert Attix
Download or read book Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry written by Frank Herbert Attix and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A straightforward presentation of the broad concepts underlying radiological physics and radiation dosimetry for the graduate-level student. Covers photon and neutron attenuation, radiation and charged particle equilibrium, interactions of photons and charged particles with matter, radiotherapy dosimetry, as well as photographic, calorimetric, chemical, and thermoluminescence dosimetry. Includes many new derivations, such as Kramers X-ray spectrum, as well as topics that have not been thoroughly analyzed in other texts, such as broad-beam attenuation and geometrics, and the reciprocity theorem. Subjects are layed out in a logical sequence, making the topics easier for students to follow. Supplemented with numerous diagrams and tables.
Book Synopsis Protein Conformation by : Derek J. Chadwick
Download or read book Protein Conformation written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three-dimensional structure is a major problem in biology and chemistry. Leading experts in the fields of NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, protein engineering and molecular modeling offer provocative insights into current views on the protein folding problem and various aspects for future progress.
Book Synopsis Radiation Biology and Medicine by : , Walter Dunham Claus
Download or read book Radiation Biology and Medicine written by , Walter Dunham Claus and published by . This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Atlas of Fullerenes by : P. W. Fowler
Download or read book An Atlas of Fullerenes written by P. W. Fowler and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the current state of theory in a new and lively field, this volume offers both students and researchers a practical guide. It features a comprehensive set of pictures of fullerene structures and tabulates their properties. In addition, it lists a computer program that will extend the tables as needed. Seven chapters of descriptive material precede over 200 pages of tables with corresponding diagrams and serve as a self-contained introduction. Topics include fullerene cages, electronic structure, steric strain, symmetry and spectroscopy, fullerene isomerization, and carbon gain and loss. Each chapter concludes with references and notes.
Book Synopsis Insect Morphology and Phylogeny by : Rolf G. Beutel
Download or read book Insect Morphology and Phylogeny written by Rolf G. Beutel and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades a remarkable renaissance has materialized in insect morphology, mainly triggered by the development of new cutting-edge technologies. This is an exciting time for biological synthesis where the mysteries and data derived from genomes can be combined with centuries of data from morphology and development. And, now, more than ever, detailed knowledge of morphology is essential to understanding the evolution of all groups of organisms. In this “age of phylogenomics” researchers rely on morphological data to support molecular findings, test complex evolutionary scenarios, and for placing fossil taxa. This textbook provides an in-depth treatment of the structures and the phylogeny of the megadiverse Hexapoda. The first part presents an up-to-date overview of general insect morphology with detailed drawings, scanning electron micrographs, and 3-D reconstructions. Also included is a chapter covering innovative morphological techniques (e.g., μ-computer tomography, 3-D modeling), brief treatments of insect development and phylogenetic methods, and a comprehensive morphological glossary. The second part is of a modern synthesis of insect systematics that includes taxon-specific morphological information for all Orders. The work is an invaluable reference for students and researchers working in all facets of biology and is a must for evolutionary biologists. A detailed understanding of morphology is essential in unraveling phylogenetic relationships and developing complex evolutionary scenarios. Increasingly researchers in phylogenomics are re/turning to morphological data to support their findings, while the development of new cutting-edge technologies has further increased interest in this growing field. This definitive handbook provides an in-depth treatment of insect morphology. The first part presents an up-to-date overview of insect morphology with detailed drawings, brilliant scanning electron micrographs and 3-D reconstructions as interactive PDFs. This is complemented by a chapter on innovative morphological techniques (e.g., μ-computer tomography, 3-D modeling) and a comprehensive morphological glossary. The second part treats the state of the art in insect systematics and includes taxon-specific morphological information for all orders. Systematics are treated formally, with for example the arguments for relationships (“apomorphies”) always listed explicitly. The work is a useful reference for students and researchers working in different fields of biology and a must for those dealing with insects from an evolutionary perspective.
Book Synopsis Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications by :
Download or read book Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-09-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. As this class of materials is now emerging as a result of breakthroughs in synthesis and characterization that have taken place over the last few years, the book provides the first reference with a focus on these exciting novel nanomaterials, explaining their formation, and how, and why, they play an important role in the future of molecular electronics, catalysis, sensing, biological imaging, and medical diagnosis and therapy. - Surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. - Provides well-organized, tutorial style chapters that are ideal for teaching and self-study - In-depth descriptions by top scientists in the field - Presents the state-of-the art of protected metal clusters and their future prospects
Book Synopsis EPR Spectroscopy by : Daniella Goldfarb
Download or read book EPR Spectroscopy written by Daniella Goldfarb and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique, self-contained resource is the first volume on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the eMagRes Handbook series. The 27 chapters cover the theoretical principles, the common experimental techniques, and many important application areas of modern EPR spectroscopy. EPR Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Methods is presented in four major parts: A: Fundamental Theory, B: Basic Techniques and Instrumentation, C: High-Resolution Pulse Techniques, and D: Special Techniques. The first part of the book gives the reader an introduction to basic continuous-wave (CW) EPR and an overview of the different magnetic interactions that can be determined by EPR spectroscopy, their associated theoretical description, and their information content. The second provides the basics of the various EPR techniques, including pulse EPR, and EPR imaging, along with the associated instrumentation. Parts C and D builds on parts A and B and offer introductory accounts of a wide range of modern advanced EPR techniques, with examples of applications. The last two parts presents most of the new advances that do not appear in most of the classical EPR textbooks that focus on CW EPR. EPR Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Methods contains, in concise form, all the material needed to understand state-of-the-art EPR spectroscopy at the graduate school/research level, whilst the editors have ensured that it presents the topic at a level accessible to newcomers to the field and others who want to know its range of application and how to apply it.
Book Synopsis Electronic and Photoelectron Spectroscopy by : Andrew M. Ellis
Download or read book Electronic and Photoelectron Spectroscopy written by Andrew M. Ellis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-01-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy can provide extraordinarily detailed information on the properties of molecules and are in widespread use in the physical and chemical sciences. Applications extend beyond spectroscopy into important areas such as chemical dynamics, kinetics and atmospheric chemistry. This book aims to provide the reader with a firm grounding of the basic principles and experimental techniques employed. The extensive use of case studies effectively illustrates how spectra are assigned and how information can be extracted, communicating the matter in a compelling and instructive manner. Topics covered include laser-induced fluorescence, resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, cavity ringdown and ZEKE spectroscopy. The volume is for advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in spectroscopy and will also be useful to anyone encountering electronic and/or photoelectron spectroscopy during their research.
Book Synopsis Redox-Active Therapeutics by : Ines Batinić-Haberle
Download or read book Redox-Active Therapeutics written by Ines Batinić-Haberle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential volume comprehensively discusses redox-active therapeutics, focusing particularly on their molecular design, mechanistic, pharmacological and medicinal aspects. The first section of the book describes the basic aspects of the chemistry and biology of redox-active drugs and includes a brief overview of the redox-based pathways involved in cancer and the medical aspects of redox-active drugs, assuming little in the way of prior knowledge. Subsequent sections and chapters describe more specialized aspects of central nervous system injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, pain, radiation injury and radioprotection (such as of brain, lungs, head and neck and erectile function) and neglected diseases (e.g., leishmaniasis). It encompasses several major classes of redox-active experimental therapeutics, which include porphyrins, salens, nitrones, and most notably metal-containing (e.g., Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sb) drugs as either single compounds or formulations with nanomaterials and quantum dots. Numerous illustrations, tables and figures enhance and complement the text; extensive references to relevant literature are also included. Redox-Active Therapeutics is an invaluable addition to Springer’s Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice series. It is essential reading for researchers, clinicians and graduate students interested in understanding and exploring the Redoxome—the organism redox network—as an emerging frontier in drug design, redox biology and medicine.
Book Synopsis Novel NMR and EPR Techniques by : J. Dolinsek
Download or read book Novel NMR and EPR Techniques written by J. Dolinsek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of recent research in the fields of condensed matter physics and chemistry based on novel NMR and ESR techniques. Applications include quantum computing, metal nanoparticles, low dimensional magnets, fullerenes as atomic cages, superconductors, porous media, and laser assisted studies. The book is dedicated to Professor Robert Blinc, on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, in appreciation of his remarkable scientific accomplishments in the NMR of condensed matter.
