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Characteristics Of Alumina Particles From Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust In The Stratosphere
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Book Synopsis Characteristics of Alumina Particles from Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust in the Stratosphere by :
Download or read book Characteristics of Alumina Particles from Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust in the Stratosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on currently available data, a unified model for the particle size distribution, particle density, and geometrical dispersion for the alumina particles in the exhaust of a Titan SRM plume in the stratosphere is presented. The particle size distribution is found to be trimodal with Sauter mean diameters of 0.056, 1.0, and 3.6 um for the small, medium, and large size modes, respectively. Nearly all the particles lie within the small size mode, but nearly all the mass lies in the large size mode. About two-thirds of the particle surface area available for heterogeneous chemical reactions is due to the large particle mode while most of the remaining surface area is due to the small particle mode. The light scattering characteristics of the plume were also explored. Mie scattering calculations were used to predict the local attenuation of the plume as a function of wavelength and the total attenuation of a beam of radiation through the plume making an arbitrary angle with respect to the axis of the plume and as a function of time after SRM passage for several wavelengths in ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectral regions. These studies show that most of the attenuation is due to the large-size mode. An expression for the volume density of total area of the particles is derived in terms of known parameters and the Sauter mean diameter. Mie theory is then used to show that this Sauter mean diameter can be measured using a two-color transmissometer.
Book Synopsis Laboratory Studies of the Stratospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust by :
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of the Stratospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important chlorine activation reaction that takes place in the stratosphere is the heterogeneous reaction of chlorine nitrate with hydrogen chloride to produce molecular chlorine and nitric acid. The reaction is catalytic, promoted by surfaces that are not themselves affected by the reaction. This process was investigated in the laboratory: the reaction probability was found to have a value of about 0.02 on glass, on laboratory alumina, and on alumina particles emitted by solid rocket motors. The reaction probability on ice surfaces has a value larger than 0.2 and a negligible value on halocarbon wax or Teflon surfaces. The measurements were carried out under reactant partial pressure, temperature and humidity conditions covering those that are encountered in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere. The reaction mechanism appears do be determined by the water layers adsorbed on the solid surface. Measurements of the amount of water taken up by alumina surfaces were also carried out; the results indicate that under stratospheric conditions several water layers will indeed cover the alumina surfaces.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Chemistry on Metal Oxide Surfaces of Interest for the Stratospheric Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust by :
Download or read book Heterogeneous Chemistry on Metal Oxide Surfaces of Interest for the Stratospheric Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emissions from solid rocket motors (SRMs) include hydrogen chloride vapor (HCl) and other inorganic chlorine compounds, as well as aluminum oxide particles. The effects of these emissions on stratospheric ozone have been investigated by Prather et al. 1, Pyle2, and others. Even though such effects are not evident from satellite observations following a Space Shuttle launch 3, it is possible for the perturbation to be quite pronounced in the immediate neighborhood of the rocket plume.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Single Particle Studies of Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry on Aluminum Oxide Particles in a Quadrupole Trap by :
Download or read book Single Particle Studies of Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry on Aluminum Oxide Particles in a Quadrupole Trap written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a research program consisting of laboratory and field measurements investigating the atmospheric chemistry and aerosol microphysics of the impacts of rocket motor exhausts on upper atmospheric chemical cycles and ozone. The experimental investigation employs a laboratory quadrupole trap electrodynamic levitation apparatus to study heterogeneous processes on single aluminum oxide particles representative of those exhausted into the atmosphere by solid rocket motors. We have investigated the activities of different types of aluminum oxide particles for uptake of gas-phase H2O and HCl. The particle types investigated were alpha-Al2O3, gamma-Al2O3, H2SO4-treated alpha-Al2O3, H2SO4-treated gamma-Al2O3, and metastable aluminum oxide formed by rapid cooling from molten Al2O3 in a shock tube, analogous to particle processing in a rocket exhaust nozzle. Particles were treated with H2SO4 by vapor deposition in an oven. The kinetic measurements consisted of independent, simultaneous observations of mass uptake and particle size increase upon exposure of single particles to fixed concentrations of H2O or HCl in slowly flowing gas mixtures at 1 atm and temperatures from 300 K to 190 K. alpha-Al2O3 and gamma-Al2O3 were essentially inert toward H2O and HCl uptake, however they readily adsorbed monolayer-equivalent levels of H2SO4 vapor, and H2SO4-coated and metastable particles were active toward H2O and HCI uptake. The measured uptake efficiencies imply fast reaction rates within rocket exhaust plumes, potentially leading to CCN behavior as well as heterogeneous chlorine activation by these particles. The field measurements consisted of in situ ozone mixing ratio measurements on the NASA WB57-F high altitude aircraft, as part of a suite of instrumentation designed to characterize the chemistry and dynamics of rocket exhaust plumes in the lower stratosphere.
Author :Frederick S. Simmons Publisher :AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics) ISBN 13 : Total Pages :312 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Rocket Exhaust Plume Phenomenology by : Frederick S. Simmons
Download or read book Rocket Exhaust Plume Phenomenology written by Frederick S. Simmons and published by AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics). This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book deals with the phenomenology of rocket exhaust plumes as the targets of space-based surveillance systems. Topics include the physical and chemical processes in rocket engines and their exhaust plumes, particularly in regard to flow properties, gas dynamics, and radiative mechanisms that are responsible for the generation of emission in rocket exhaust plumes at infrared and other wavelengths. System designers in a number of defense-related areas will be able to put the information in this book to immediate use.
Book Synopsis Model of Chlorocarbon (CFC-12) Chemisorption on Solid Rocket Motor Alumina Exhaust Particles by : Gary E. Lund
Download or read book Model of Chlorocarbon (CFC-12) Chemisorption on Solid Rocket Motor Alumina Exhaust Particles written by Gary E. Lund and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solid Rocket Motor Performance Analysis and Prediction by : William H. Miller
Download or read book Solid Rocket Motor Performance Analysis and Prediction written by William H. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Model of Chlorocarbon (CFC-12) Chemisorption on Solid Rocket Motor Alumina Exhaust Particles by : Gary E. Lund
Download or read book Model of Chlorocarbon (CFC-12) Chemisorption on Solid Rocket Motor Alumina Exhaust Particles written by Gary E. Lund and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Orbital Debris written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Combustion of Single and Agglomerated Aluminum Particles in Solid Rocket Motor Flows by : John Charles Melcher (IV.)
Download or read book Combustion of Single and Agglomerated Aluminum Particles in Solid Rocket Motor Flows written by John Charles Melcher (IV.) and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ice Nucleus Activity Measurements of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust Particles by : Vernon W. Keller
Download or read book Ice Nucleus Activity Measurements of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust Particles written by Vernon W. Keller and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :2084 pages Book Rating :4.E/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis A Selected Listing of NASA Scientific and Technical Reports for 1966 by : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division
Download or read book A Selected Listing of NASA Scientific and Technical Reports for 1966 written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 2084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere by : Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Download or read book Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere written by Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-17 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authoritative resource. The text bridges the "gap" between the fundamental chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and "real world" examples of its application to the development of sound scientific risk assessments and associated risk management control strategies for both tropospheric and stratospheric pollutants. - Serves as a graduate textbook and "must have" reference for all atmospheric scientists - Provides more than 5000 references to the literature through the end of 1998 - Presents tables of new actinic flux data for the troposphere and stratospher (0-40km) - Summarizes kinetic and photochemical date for the troposphere and stratosphere - Features problems at the end of most chapters to enhance the book's use in teaching - Includes applications of the OZIPR box model with comprehensive chemistry for student use
Book Synopsis Technical Abstract Bulletin by : Defense Documentation Center (U.S.)
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1961-02 with total page 1116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
