Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolism and Muscle Function Following a Very Low Calorie Diet and Bariatric Surgery

Download Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolism and Muscle Function Following a Very Low Calorie Diet and Bariatric Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolism and Muscle Function Following a Very Low Calorie Diet and Bariatric Surgery by : Ada Huang

Download or read book Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolism and Muscle Function Following a Very Low Calorie Diet and Bariatric Surgery written by Ada Huang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background and aim: Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for the management of obesity. Bariatric patients are often required to go on a Very Low Calorie Diet (VLCD) before surgery. There is limited research regarding the effect of VLCD and bariatric surgery on changes in body composition, energy metabolism, and functional changes. The aims of this thesis were to investigate, in a cohort of women undergoing bariatric surgery, the body composition, energy metabolism and muscle function changes that occur (1) during a period of VLCD prior to surgery, and (2) over the six month period following surgery. Methods: This thesis analysed the data of participants who underwent the Optifast VLCD (600- 800kcal/d) and bariatric surgery. Data were collected prior to commencement of the VLCD, a day before surgery, and six months after surgery. Body composition was measured using anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and whole body counting. Muscle function was measured through the handgrip test. Energy metabolism was measured using indirect calorimetry. Outcome measures included body weight, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), trunk fat:limb fat ratio (TLFR), mid-arm muscle area (MAMA), total muscle mass by anthropometry, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total body potassium (TBK), bone mineral density (BMD), phase angle (PhA), impedance ratio (IR), handgrip strength and resting energy expenditure (REE). Results: Twenty-six participants were included in pre/post-VLCD analysis. Participants underwent the Optifast VLCD for 32±8 days and showed a significant reduction in body weight (p

Diet and Health

Download Diet and Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309039940
Total Pages : 765 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diet and Health by : National Research Council

Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

The Effect of High Protein Diets on Weight Loss and Lean Muscle Mass in Patients Awaiting Bariatric Surgery

Download The Effect of High Protein Diets on Weight Loss and Lean Muscle Mass in Patients Awaiting Bariatric Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Effect of High Protein Diets on Weight Loss and Lean Muscle Mass in Patients Awaiting Bariatric Surgery by : Jessica Elle Robinson-de Wit

Download or read book The Effect of High Protein Diets on Weight Loss and Lean Muscle Mass in Patients Awaiting Bariatric Surgery written by Jessica Elle Robinson-de Wit and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is a global epidemic associated with many adverse health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and heart disease. New Zealand contributes to the obesity statistics with almost two thirds of the population now classified as overweight or obese. Many treatment options for obesity are now available including diet modification, exercise regimens, pharmacological treatments and bariatric surgery. A component of bariatric surgery programmes is to engage in diet and exercise lifestyle changes. A marker of this is weight loss. It is unknown which diet composition is the most effective for weight loss and muscle mass retention in this population. Aim: A randomised controlled pilot trial to investigate the effects of a high versus a low protein diet for weight loss in 24 obese adults awaiting bariatric surgery. The primary outcomes of this study were excess percentage weight loss, percentage weight loss and total body muscle mass after following a prescribed diet. The secondary outcome of the study was to investigate the adherence to each diet regimen. Methods: Obese (BMI>30kg/m2) individuals awaiting bariatric surgery completed an eight-week low calorie diet. The low calorie diet consisted of 1200kcal/day for females and 1500kcal/day for males. Patients were randomly prescribed either a high protein diet (30% intake protein) or a low protein diet (15% intake protein). Body composition, circumference measurements and 24-hour urine samples were completed at baseline and eight weeks. A food diary was completed at four weeks to assess energy intake, macronutrient composition and adherence. Participants completed a survey after the eight-week point to assess reasons for non-completion or dropout. Results: Of the 24 individuals that were randomised, 14 individuals completed the 8-week measurements. No significant difference in weight loss was seen between the diet groups (p=0.289). Muscle mass retention and body fat loss appeared greater in the high protein group compared to the low protein group however this was not statistically different between groups (p=0.314, p=0.379). The low protein group had significantly greater decreases in the neck and hip circumference than those on the high protein diet (p=0.03, p=0.02 respectively). Food diaries showed trends that adherence was low and energy intake was lower on the high protein diet however did not differ significantly from low protein diet group (p=0.178). The average difference between protein groups was 7.2g. Urine samples showed trends towards greater increases in urea, creatinine, and albumin to creatinine ratio in the low protein groups (p=0.413, p=0.06, p=0.03). Conclusions: The results of this study show there was no greater effect of a high protein diet compared to a low protein diet on short-term weight loss in obese participants. Adherence to the given energy restriction was low. Positive trends were evident, yet due to a small sample size there was little statistical significance in the results. Future research should be conducted with a larger population to investigate whether results would show which diet composition is more effective for weight loss and beneficial for body composition. Keywords: protein, diet, bariatric, obese, low calorie diet, weight loss, muscle mass.

Sleep Hypoventilation: A State-of-the-Art Overview, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics

Download Sleep Hypoventilation: A State-of-the-Art Overview, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323326811
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sleep Hypoventilation: A State-of-the-Art Overview, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics by : Babak Mokhlesi

Download or read book Sleep Hypoventilation: A State-of-the-Art Overview, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics written by Babak Mokhlesi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue on Hypoventilation Syndrome covers a variety of topics such as Sleep hypoventilation: Diagnostic considerations and technological limitations,Pathophysiology of hypoventilation during sleep,Advances in PAP treatment modalities for hypoventilation syndromes,Scoring abnormal respiratory events on polysomnography during noninvasive ventilation,OHS Epidemiology and diagnosis,OHS outcomes,Non-PAP treatment modalities in OHS, Pulmonary overlap syndromes,Noninvasive ventilation during sleep in stable COPD and more!

Weight Management

Download Weight Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309089964
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Weight Management by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Weight Management written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.

The Influence of Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Changes in Body Composition, and Fat Distribution During an Energy Restrictive Diet, and Weight Loss Maintenance During the Following 10 Weeks

Download The Influence of Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Changes in Body Composition, and Fat Distribution During an Energy Restrictive Diet, and Weight Loss Maintenance During the Following 10 Weeks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (476 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Influence of Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Changes in Body Composition, and Fat Distribution During an Energy Restrictive Diet, and Weight Loss Maintenance During the Following 10 Weeks by : Charlotte Petersen

Download or read book The Influence of Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Changes in Body Composition, and Fat Distribution During an Energy Restrictive Diet, and Weight Loss Maintenance During the Following 10 Weeks written by Charlotte Petersen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Protein Pacing Diet

Download The Protein Pacing Diet PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Outskirts Press
ISBN 13 : 9781478799474
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (994 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Protein Pacing Diet by : Dr Paul J. Arciero

Download or read book The Protein Pacing Diet written by Dr Paul J. Arciero and published by Outskirts Press. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: KEEP YOUR EYES ON THE PRISE! Proof that self-care is the new healthcare, powered by PROTEIN PACING(R) and the PRISE(R) LIFE Dr. Paul J. Arciero is the world's leading nutrition, exercise and applied physiology scientist and keynote speaker. In his compelling new book he presents the science behind the way we are exercising and eating is all wrong. His human clinical research findings have been condensed into a single guide designed to help the everyday overstressed busy person, weekend warriors, and even Olympians get off the crazy-diet roller coaster and live with optimal health and performance. His scientifically proven PRISE Life Protocol, powered by his Protein Pacing Diet, is healthier and easier than fad diets and the overexertion of most exercise routines. Dr. Paul's Protein Pacing & PRISE Life secrets are finally revealed - from what to eat and when to eat using his 'Morning Muscle Maximizer' and 'Bedtime Bellyfat Burner', to debunking the many health, fitness, and diet myths that arise daily. Consulted by the highest level media outlets - O Magazine, The Wall Street Journal, Fox News, Prevention, Good Housekeeping, WebMD, TIME, Huffington Post, Glamour, Women's Health, Men's Health, and many more - he answers the call to share his knowledge. It's time to join the millions of people worldwide who have heard his message: Put an end to fad diets and harmful exercise programs, and 'Never Diet Again' by Keeping Your Eyes on the PRISE!

Gut Hormones

Download Gut Hormones PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Gut Hormones by : Stephen Robert Bloom

Download or read book Gut Hormones written by Stephen Robert Bloom and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of a Higher Protein Weight Loss Diet on Body Composition, Metabolic Disease Risk and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women

Download Effects of a Higher Protein Weight Loss Diet on Body Composition, Metabolic Disease Risk and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (776 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Effects of a Higher Protein Weight Loss Diet on Body Composition, Metabolic Disease Risk and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women by : Mina C. Mojtahedi

Download or read book Effects of a Higher Protein Weight Loss Diet on Body Composition, Metabolic Disease Risk and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women written by Mina C. Mojtahedi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adverse increases in adiposity and reductions in lean soft tissue (LST) are age related changes in body composition and are linked to an increased risk for metabolic disease and declines in physical function in older women. Higher protein intake under caloric reduced conditions eliciting weight loss may augment fat mass (FM) loss, which can reduce metabolic disease risk; and attenuate LST loss, which may benefit physical function. This study assessed effects of 6 mo weight loss supplemented with powdered protein or placebo on body composition, metabolic disease risk factors and physical function in older obese women. Twenty-six women (64.7±5.8 yrs, BMI 32.5±4.1 kg/m2) were prescribed an energy-restricted diet (1400 kcal/d) and randomly assigned to PRO (n=13; 0.8 g/kg/d of dietary protein plus 45g/d of whey protein isolate supplement, resulting in ~30% of energy intake from protein, 40% of energy from carbohydrate and 30% of energy from fat) or CARB (n=13; 0.8 g/kg/d protein plus 50 g/d of an isocaloric maltodextrin supplement, resulting in ~18% of energy from protein, 52% of energy from carbohydrate and 30% of energy from fat) supplementation. Healthy eating based on the USDA My Pyramid diet education classes were taught by a registered dietitian every 2 weeks. Supervised exercise classes, consisting of flexibility and low to moderate intensity walking on an indoor track, were provided 5 d/wk, of which participants were required to attend 2-3 exercise classes/wk. The main outcome measures included the following: whole body FM and LST with DXA; thigh muscle volume, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) with MRI; glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from fasting blood samples; knee extension and flexion strength with isokinetic and isometric dynamometry; balance using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT); and physical performance assessed from up and go, chair stand, stair climb and transfer tests. Three-day weighed food diaries were collected at baseline, month 3 and post-intervention, and 7-day pedometer step counts were measured monthly. PRO trended towards greater weight loss (-8.0±6.2%, -4.1±3.6%; p=0.059), had greater reductions in abdominal FM (-14.8±15.0%, -4.1±8.1%; p=0.037) but no significant differences in losses of FM (-15.4±17.8%, -6.1±5.4%; p=0.091), greater reductions in SAT (-18.8±13.5, -7.9±6.9; p=0.024) and IMAT (-9.2±9.4, -1.0±7.7; p=0.028) but no difference in IMAT relative to muscle volume (4.7±5.8, 4.3±8.6; p=0.883) compared to CARB, respectively. No differences were seen in LST changes (-4.0±4.9%, -2.0±4.1%; p=0.414), but PRO had a greater improvement in weight to leg LST ratio (-4.6±3.6, -1.8±2.6; p=0.033), greater reductions in absolute thigh muscle volume (-5.0±3.4, -0.8±3.9; p=0.010) and greater gains in relative thigh muscle volume (10.3±8.8%, 4.5±3.4; p=0.049) compared to CARB. Groups did not differ in changes in metabolic disease risk factors, knee strength, balance or physical performance measures. Change in SAT volume was an independent predictor of % change in CRP explaining 30% of the variance (p=0.021), and change in abdominal fat mass showed a trend towards independently predicting % change in CRP (p=0.057). Changes in weight to leg LST ratio predicted changes in up and go (adjusted r2=0.189, p=0.02); whereas whole body %LST predicted changes in balance (adjusted r2=0.179, p=0.04). Higher protein weight loss diet in older women contributes to more weight loss and optimal changes in body composition compared to a greater carbohydrate regimen. Protein intake does not appear to directly impact changes in metabolic risk factors or physical function; however, changes in abdominal fat and SAT reduce systemic inflammation, and preservation of LST with weight reduction improves balance and physical performance.

The Association Between Amount and Distribution of Protein Intake with Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, Substrate Oxidation, and Muscle Function in Bariatric Surgery Candidates

Download The Association Between Amount and Distribution of Protein Intake with Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, Substrate Oxidation, and Muscle Function in Bariatric Surgery Candidates PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Association Between Amount and Distribution of Protein Intake with Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, Substrate Oxidation, and Muscle Function in Bariatric Surgery Candidates by : Niloufar Ghaderian

Download or read book The Association Between Amount and Distribution of Protein Intake with Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, Substrate Oxidation, and Muscle Function in Bariatric Surgery Candidates written by Niloufar Ghaderian and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is associated with disrupted energy metabolism and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Dietary protein is important for the preservation of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Objectives: The objectives of this preliminary study were: 1) to assess the association of dietary protein intake with body composition, and muscle function; 2) to examine weather protein distribution pattern throughout the day are associated with body composition and substrate oxidation; and 3) to explore the association between body composition with substrate oxidation and energy expenditure in males and females with severe obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 17 male and female bariatric surgery candidates. Dietary data, including protein intake was collected using a 3-day food journal and 24-hour food recall. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Substrate oxidation and resting energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry. Muscle function was assessed by handgrip strength and 6-minute walk test. Results: Mean age and BMI were 43.9 ± 7.8 y and 46.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2, respectively. Daily protein distribution was uneven and had a skewness toward dinner. Males who ate ≥ 20 g protein at each meal had greater ALM in comparison to those who did not (38.0 ± 0.9 vs 35.2 ± 0.7, P = 0.03). ALM was an independent predictor of REE and fat oxidation rate. Females had altered substrate metabolism and decreased rates of fat oxidation. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary results that will help improve study design and considerations in the continued recruitment of participants.

Surgical Management of Obesity

Download Surgical Management of Obesity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1416000895
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Surgical Management of Obesity by : Henry Buchwald

Download or read book Surgical Management of Obesity written by Henry Buchwald and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leaders in the field present today's most comprehensive coverage of bariatric surgery, one of the most promising current treatments for the growing global epidemic of overweight and obesity. This brand new resource begins with a through examination of the history, incidence, demography, etiology, biology, comorbidities, longevity, and social and economic implications of obesity. It then discusses pre-, peri-, and postoperative issues of importance before examining the evolution of bariatric procedures. Individual chapters present the best surgical approaches, their outcomes, and other considerations involved in this surgical approach. Presents a comprehensive overview of the entire field of bariatric surgery, as well as a broad discussion of critical non-operative topics. Discusses the evolution of bariatric procedures, followed by individual chapters that examine laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, vertical banded gastroplasty, the banded gastric bypass, and other surgical approaches. Reviews the outcomes of bariatric surgery with respect to nutrition, diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, orthopedic conditions, and metabolism. Offers guidance on practical and academic training of the bariatric surgeon, patient support groups, the importance of the multidisciplinary team, managed care, allied health, laparoscopic suites and robotics, liability issues, and more. Includes dietary, drug management, and other alternative non-operative approaches. Addresses the growing incidence of childhood obesity with a chapter focusing on adolescent bariatric surgery patients. With 91 additional contributing experts.

Bariatric Endocrinology

Download Bariatric Endocrinology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319956558
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bariatric Endocrinology by : J. Michael Gonzalez-Campoy

Download or read book Bariatric Endocrinology written by J. Michael Gonzalez-Campoy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book – the first ever on bariatric endocrinology – is a comprehensive endocrine and metabolism approach to the diseases that result from excess fat mass accumulation and adipose tissue dysfunction. It takes an approach that places adipose tissue at the center of the clinical approach to patients, as opposed to the complications of adipose tissue accumulation and dysfunction, which has been the dominant approach to date. Initial chapters include discussion of adipose tissue physiology and pathophysiology (adiposopathy), hormonal, central nervous system, and gut microbiome regulation of energy balance and stores, and primary and secondary causes of adipose tissue weight gain. Subsequent chapters cover the evaluation and treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hyperglycemic states, hypertension, neoplasia, and gonadal function in men and women. Management strategies, such as nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric procedures, round out the presentation. Each chapter is bookended by bullet-pointed clinical pearls at the beginning and a full reading list at the end. Written and edited by experts in the field of endocrinology and obesity management, Bariatric Endocrinology redefines practice to focus not just on weight loss as measured in pounds lost, but on adipose tissue mass and pathology, decreasing fat mass for adiposity-related diseases and returning adipose tissue to normal function.

A Comparison of Protein Source on Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity with Prolonged Dieting

Download A Comparison of Protein Source on Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity with Prolonged Dieting PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Comparison of Protein Source on Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity with Prolonged Dieting by : Karen Yumi Nishimura

Download or read book A Comparison of Protein Source on Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity with Prolonged Dieting written by Karen Yumi Nishimura and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Regulation of Body Weight

Download Regulation of Body Weight PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Regulation of Body Weight by : Claude Bouchard

Download or read book Regulation of Body Weight written by Claude Bouchard and published by . This book was released on 1996-06-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fact that about 30-40% of the adults in the Western world are overweight or obese testifies to the frequency of the disturbances in body weight regulation. Scientists have established that caloric intake, macronutrient composition of the diet, basal and resting metabolic rate, thermic response to food, energy expenditure associated with movement and physical activity, and preferential storage of the surplus of calories as fat or lean tissues are critical determinants of energy balance and body weight. While much has been learned, the field is poised for major advances with the advent of a variety of imaging techniques, progress in quantitative and molecular genetics, use of transgenic rodent models and of breeding experiments with informative inbred strains, availability of stable isotopes for metabolic and behavioral studies, and a growing number of useful experimental animal and human models. This volume takes an integrative approach to obesity. It is structured around four major topics: (1) the animal and human models currently available for the study of body weight regulation with their strengths and limitations, (2) the molecular and genetic basis of the regulation of body weight, (3) the metabolic and physiological mechanisms involved, and (4) the behavioral and social determinants. The 13 background papers provide a critical overview of the present knowledge base while the group reports summarize the extensive deliberations of 38 international experts. Particular emphasis has been given to promising research areas and on the advances needed to ensure a better understanding of the biological and behavioral mechanisms of the regulation of body weight, with a particular emphasis on overweight and obesity.

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Protein Status

Download Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Protein Status PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Protein Status by : Violeta Moizé Arcone

Download or read book Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Protein Status written by Violeta Moizé Arcone and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective long-term therapy for the treatment of severe obesity. Benefits of BS include a reduction of overall and cardiovascular mortality, incidence of first occurrence of fatal- or nonfatal-cardiovascular events, prevention and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and improved quality of life. Nonetheless, BS is associated with potential complications amongst which micronutrient deficiencies are relevant. AIM: Against this background, the overall aim of this PhD project was to better understand the increased risk for nutritional deficiencies and protein status in subjects undergoing BS. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the nutritional status of obese individuals prior to BS, and following the drastic reduction of daily energy intake, anatomical changes, and massive weight loss associated with the two currently most commonly performed surgical techniques [gastric bypass (GBP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG)]. Additionally, to gain insight specifically on how to address the high prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency, we performed two open-label, prospective studies aiming at evaluating the efficacy and safety of achieving 25-hydroxy VD (25(OH)D) levels ≥75 nmol/L with two different supplementation algorithms. Similarly, we gained insight on the reported high prevalence of iron deficiency by characterizing iron status with the evaluation of indices of systemic inflammation. Finally, we performed two observational prospective studies to evaluate the effects of dietary protein intake (PI) on fat free mass (FFM, as assessed from bioelectrical impedance or DEXA) and protein status changes after BS-induced weight loss. As further step in this research path, a randomized control trial proposal has been designed to determine the effect of two levels of PI (standard versus high) after BS on the nitrogen balance, body composition, energy expenditure, perceived satiety, and plasma levels of branched chain amino acids (BC17) and insulin sensitivity, as well as the feasibility of protein supplementation up to one year after BS. This translational research protocol integrates mechanistic, metabolic, and energy homeostasis outcomes. Preliminary results of a pilot study of that trial are presented as part of this thesis project to demonstrate feasibility of the protocol. RESULTS: Nutritional deficiencies are commonly found in a Mediterranean severely obese population undergoing BS, with those deficiencies being more prevalent than in normal weight individuals. Of note, SG- and GBP-patients experience similar long-term changes in dietary intake. Indeed, when micronutrient intake from supplements was not taken into account, mean daily dietary intake of all evaluated micronutrients was below current dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Interestingly, SG and GBP carry comparable post-surgical nutritional risk. Low VD and elevated PTH levels were the most prevalent nutritional abnormalities after BS. In clinical practice, a single fixed high dose (2,000 IU) of VD supplementation is as effective and safe as an individualized daily dose of cholecalciferol to achieve 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L after BS. When considering hs-CRP as inflammatory marker, impaired iron status could be identified in two thirds of BS candidates. Protein supplements are helpful in achieving the PI goal after BS, with PI thresholds of >60 g/d or 1.1 g/kg Ideal Body Weight/day being associated with better FFM retention. The results of our pilot study support feasibility for a larger Randomized Control Trial with to address the association between PI and NB, BC17, body compositions changes, REE, glucose homeostasis, and satiety after BS. CONCLUSION: Our data underscores the need for the evaluation of nutritional parameters prior to- and following-BS. We deem results of this PhD project significantly contribute to improve knowledge in the area of nutrition and body composition after BS.

Obesity

Download Obesity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439854262
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Obesity by : Debasis Bagchi

Download or read book Obesity written by Debasis Bagchi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared obesity a global epidemic. Its prevalence has more than doubled since 1980, causing a myriad of health problems for children and adults. Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention, Second Edition explores the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology leading to obesity and metabolic disord

Cumulated Index Medicus

Download Cumulated Index Medicus PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1860 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cumulated Index Medicus by :

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: