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Brain Cholinergic Systems
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Book Synopsis Brain Cholinergic Systems by : Mircea Steriade
Download or read book Brain Cholinergic Systems written by Mircea Steriade and published by Oxford ; Toronto : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, brain cholinergic systems are examined by leading authorities drawn from the fields of morphology, immunochemistry, electrophysiology, behaviour, and the study of cognitive disorders. The book covers major aspects of the organization and connectivity of cholinergic systems at thelight and electron-microscopic levels, intrinsic electrophysiological properties, and ionic conductances of central cholinergic neurons. It also discusses the effects of brainstem and basal forebrain cholinergic systems upon thalamic and cortical neurons, plasticity processes in the thalamins andcerebral cortex; and studies on Alzheimer's disease.
Book Synopsis Neurotransmitters and Cortical Function by : Massimo Avoli
Download or read book Neurotransmitters and Cortical Function written by Massimo Avoli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbert Henri Jasper is a scientist whose research activities have initiated and encompassed many of the major themes of neuroscience. He has pioneered in single unit recording, chronic neuronal studies, neurochemistry, electroencephalography, and many other disciplines. His students now hold important positions in universities and hospitals around the world. From July 21 to 23, 1986, a symposium entitled Neurotransmitters and Cortical Function: From Molecules to Mind was held in Montreal to honor Professor Jasper and to continue his pioneering efforts. The following chapters originated in that meeting. They summarize the current v vi PREFACE status of our knowledge in some of the fields influenced by Professor Jasper. They share a focus on neurotransmitters in cortical function, where we presume higher mental events originate. Professor Jasper has made contributions to the understanding of three different classes of neuro transmitters: GABA, acetylcholine, and catecholamines. It is an interest in trying to link neu rochemical events to some aspects of complex brain function and behavior that has characterized his work, and it is this philosophy that led to the present symposium to honor him. We dedicate this volume to Professor Jasper and the integrative approach that he has fostered. The Editors Montreal Contents 1. H. H. Jasper, Neuroscientist of Our Century .......................... .
Book Synopsis Behavioral Pharmacology of the Cholinergic System by : Mohammed Shoaib
Download or read book Behavioral Pharmacology of the Cholinergic System written by Mohammed Shoaib and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-29 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular genetics of the cholinergic system including both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, cholinesterases, acetylcholine synthesis and release have provided significant insights into potential targeting for pharmacological intervention. Cholinergic drugs are being used or evaluated for the treatment of diseases. Thus, this volume aims to broaden our understanding of the current state of cholinergic mechanisms to enable implementation of novel approaches for the development of more effective treatments.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology by : Jeffrey Kreutzer
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology written by Jeffrey Kreutzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia goes beyond other references in the field to offer concise and comprehensive coverage of assessment, treatment and rehabilitation in a single source, with more than fifteen hundred entries with linked cross-references and suggested readings.
Book Synopsis Central Cholinergic Systems and Behaviour by : F DeFeudis
Download or read book Central Cholinergic Systems and Behaviour written by F DeFeudis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central Cholinergic Systems and behavior reviews experimental evidence on the possible involvement of central cholinergic systems in the regulation of animal behavior. More specifically, the book investigates the role of acetylcholine as a transmitter in the mammalian spinal cord and in central nervous function. This text also describes cholinergic involvement in some of the more fundamental processes of central nervous functions and how it may fit into overall cholinergic and non-cholinergic behavioral patterns. This book is organized into seven chapters and begins with an overview of the link between central cholinergic mechanisms and behavior, and then discusses the cholinergic roles in consciousness, emphasizing on the roles of reticular systems in the arousal mechanism. An effort is made to define the cholinergic nature of some spinal mechanisms that are apparently involved in reflexes and posture. An account of the role of cholinergic mechanisms in central respiratory control is also given, along with the function of acetylcholine as an important transmitter at many sites of the central nervous system. The book concludes by analyzing the roles of cholinergic systems in motivated behaviors, emotion, learning, and memory. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers in fields ranging from physiology to biology and psychiatry.
Book Synopsis Brain Cholinergic Mechanisms by : Sukumar Vijayaraghavan
Download or read book Brain Cholinergic Mechanisms written by Sukumar Vijayaraghavan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of our understanding of brain physiology has focused on what one might call, first order processes. These essentially include the primary synaptic mechanisms underlying excitation (mainly glutamate) and inhibition (mainly GABA). Our attention has focused on how the balance of excitation and inhibition regulates the timing, patterns, and extent of information flow across various circuits. A lot less is understood regarding second order processes that sculpt and modify these primary interactions. One such modulatory transmitter in the brain is acetylcholine (ACh). The importance of ACh in modulating various behaviors related to learning, memory, and attention has been recognized over the last four decades as has its involvement in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. However, our understanding of the mechanistic bases for these actions is at its infancy, at best and much remains to be understood. The array of receptor subtypes for nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, their different locations, and complex signal transduction mechanisms remain a puzzle. Transmitter (ACh) release sites and their relationship to receptor loci are poorly understood. Overall, we lack a unifying framework for conceptualizing how disparate actions of the transmitter on receptors lead to circuit modulation and, eventually, influences on cognition. By its very nature, reports on cholinergic signaling are quite scattered, presented in journals across sub-disciplines and in the context of the systems they modulate. Hence, there is need for consolidation of these studies under a single cover that would allow one to compare and contrast the effects of this transmitter across systems and contexts. This special issue represents one such compilation. The issue addresses cholinergic modulation of defined circuits that lead to specific behaviors and consists of a judicious mixture of review articles and primary papers. The articles focus on three aspects of the system: 1) Cellular targets of cholinergic signaling. 2) Receptor mechanisms. 3) Endogenous transmitter distribution and action. While no common mechanism emerges that can explain cholinergic actions on brain functions, on can postulate that the transmitter system is dynamic, modulating the balance of excitation and inhibition in various circuits. This modulation sets up timed network oscillations and it is tempting to speculate that these oscillations form a template for better encoding of afferent inputs. One can broadly envision the role of the cholinergic system as facilitating processes that allow for more efficient acquisition of learning and engraving of memories. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying tonic and stimulus-dependent release of ACh and how it alters firing templates of neuronal networks would be the first step towards elucidating its role in learning and memory. This special topics edition provides clues to some of the actions of ACh. It is hoped that the articles allow the reader to extract common themes and potential mechanisms of cholinergic regulation that will lead to elucidation of general principles governing the actions of this important neuromodulator.
Book Synopsis The Basal Forebrain by : T. Celeste Napier
Download or read book The Basal Forebrain written by T. Celeste Napier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basal forebrain has received considerable attention in recent years. This emphasis resulted from observations that the cortically projecting cholinergic neurons found in this region are critical for normal information processing. However, to achieve a complete understanding of such a complex function as "information processing" it is necessary to consider the basal forebrain not as an autonomous structure with a solitary task, but one that plays an integrative role; a structure that is connected intimately with many brain regions. This view evolved from the realization that the basal forebrain interfaces cognitive and reward functions with motor outputs. It is from this integrative and functional perspective that the present book was organized. The book is a unique collection of reports pertaining to the basal forebrain that encompasses a diversity of research approaches and techniques. It provides the reader with a progression of information that begins with anatomical descriptions of the afferent and efferent systems, stressing the integrative nature of various neurotransmitters located within the basal forebrain. The chapters focusing on anatomy are complemented by electrophysiologic studies that merge anatomical concepts with synaptic pharmacology and behavior. In vitro experiments demonstrate physiologic variations in anatomically identified neuronal subtypes and, together with in vivo techniques, provide pharmacologic descriptions of neuronal consequences to various neurotransmitter influences. Additional in vivo reports correlate changes in neuronal activity with specific motivational states and motor behaviors. These functional approaches culminate with behavioral studies that overview current understanding of basal forebrain involvement in mnemonic, reward, and motor processes.
Book Synopsis Movement Disorders by : Mark S. LeDoux
Download or read book Movement Disorders written by Mark S. LeDoux and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-25 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of animal models is a key aspect of scientific research in numerous fields of medicine. This book vigorously examines the important contributions and application of animal models to the understanding of human movement disorders and will serve as an essential resource for basic neuroscientists engaged in movement disorders research. Academic clinicians, translational researchers and basic scientists are brought together to connect experimental findings made in different animal models to the clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment of human movement disorders. A vital feature of this book is an accompanying DVD with video clips of human movement disorders and their corresponding animal models. The book is divided into sections on Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, dystonia, tremor, paroxysmal movement disorders, ataxia, myoclonus, restless legs syndrome, drug-induced movement disorders, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration and spasticity. This book serves as an essential resource for both clinicians interested in the science being generated with animal models and basic scientists studying the pathogenesis of particular movement disorders. * Provides a single comprehensive resource on animal models of movement disorders that academic clinicians, translational researchers, and basic neuroscientists can refer to* Includes contributions by expert movement disorder clinicians and top-level researchers in the field* Features a DVD containing over 170 video clips of human movement disorders and the corresponding animal models
Book Synopsis The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System by : Bertha Madras
Download or read book The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System written by Bertha Madras and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-15 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug use and abuse continues to thrive in contemporary society worldwide and the instance and damage caused by addiction increases along with availability. The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System presents objective, state-of-the-art information on the impact of drug abuse on the human nervous system, with each chapter offering a specific focus on nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, sedative-hypnotics, and designer drugs. Other chapters provide a context for drug use, with overviews of use and consequences, epidemiology and risk factors, genetics of use and treatment success, and strategies to screen populations and provide appropriate interventions. The book offers meaningful, relevant and timely information for scientists, health-care professionals and treatment providers. A comprehensive reference on the effects of drug addiction on the human nervous system Focuses on core drug addiction issues from nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, and other commonly abused drugs Includes foundational science chapters on the biology of addiction Details challenges in diagnosis and treatment options
Book Synopsis Brain Acetylcholine and Neuropsychiatric Disease by : Kenneth L. Davis
Download or read book Brain Acetylcholine and Neuropsychiatric Disease written by Kenneth L. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the possible role of brain acetylcholine in neuropsychiatric disease. Research in this area has involved the renewed investigation of the cholinomimetics physostigmine and arecoline, and has been facilitated by the development of new potential cholinomimetics such as dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol) and choline chloride. Current investigators also have taken advantage of new approaches to neurochemical studies. Increasingly sensitive assay techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have allowed investigators to measure low concentra tions of choline and acetylcholine in brain tissues. Improved neuroanatomical procedures such as immunohistochemical staining and the use of microelectrodes and micropipets have enabled skilled investigators to begin to map central acetylcholine pathways and to dissect the component parts of the complex interactions between brain acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters. The convergence of data from both clinical and basic studies now suggest that brain acetylcholine may be involved in affective illness, several movement disorders, and some cognitive disturbances. The purpose of this book is to summarize recent clinical and pre-clinical investigations on the possible role of brain acetylcholine in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The volume is divided into six major sections: (1) Brain Acetylcholine and Psychiatric Disorders; (2) Brain Acetylcholine and Movement Disorders; (3) Brain Acetylcholine and Cognitive Function; (4) The Electrophysiology of Cholinergic Agents; (5) Interactions of Brain Acetylcholine and Other Neurotransmitters; (6) Biochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of CholinergiC Treatment Strategies.
Book Synopsis Activation to Acquisition by : RICHARDSON
Download or read book Activation to Acquisition written by RICHARDSON and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Functional Neurobiology of Aging by : Patrick R. Hof
Download or read book Functional Neurobiology of Aging written by Patrick R. Hof and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-01-11 with total page 989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some well-known age-related neurological diseases include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, deafness, and blindness. Even more common are the problems of aging which are not due to disease but to more subtle impairments in neurobiological systems, including impairments in vision, memory loss, muscle weakening, and loss of reproductive functions, changes in body weight, and sleeplessness. As the average age of our society increases, diseases of aging continue to become more common, and conditions associated with aging need more attention by doctors and researchers. In 1991, patients over the age of 65 saw their doctors an average of eight times per year. Research funding is provided by the Neuroscience and Neuropsychology of Aging (NNA) Program, which is run by the National Institute on Aging. This book offers a comprehensive overview of all topics related to functional impairments which are related to the aging brain and nervous system. It is organized according to four general functions: movement, senses, memory, and neuroendocrine regulation. Written by the leading researchers in the field, this comprehensive work addresses both impairments associated with diseases and not associated with diseases, making it easier to understand the mechanisms involved. Functional Neurobiology of Aging is an important reference for professionals and students involved in aging research, as well as physicians who need to recognize and understand age-related impairments. Organized by function, making it easy to find and understand the material Addresses impairments both associated with diseases and not associated with diseases Written by leading researchers in the field Most comprehensive source of information on the neurobiology of aging
Book Synopsis Neurochemistry of Consciousness by : Elaine K. Perry
Download or read book Neurochemistry of Consciousness written by Elaine K. Perry and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering book explores in depth the role of neurotransmitters in conscious awareness. The central aim is to identify common neural denominators of conscious awareness, informed by the neurochemistry of natural, drug induced and pathological states of consciousness. Chemicals such as acetylcholine and dopamine, which bridge the synaptic gap between neurones, are the 'neurotransmitters in mind' that form the substance of the volume, which is essential reading for all who believe that unravelling mechanisms of consciousness must include these vital systems of the brain.Up-to-date information is provided on: Psychological domains of attention, motivation, memory, sleep and dreaming that define normal states of consciousness. Effects of chemicals that alter or abolish consciousness, including hallucinogens and anaesthetics. Disorders of the brain such as dementia, schizophrenia and depression considered from the novel perspective of the way these affect consciousness, and how this might relate to disturbances in neurotransmission. (Series B)
Book Synopsis The Orexin System. Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology by : M.A. Steiner
Download or read book The Orexin System. Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology written by M.A. Steiner and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The orexin system, discovered in 1998, has emerged as a crucial player in regulating the sleep and wake balance inside our brain. This discovery has sparked a burst of novel and dynamic research on the physiology and pathology of sleep. The Orexin System: Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology honors this research and the authors share their ideas and perspectives on the novel developments within the field. The book examines the intricate role of the orexin system in regulating sleep and wake, and its interaction with other wake-regulating systems. The orexin system is dissected at the cellular and molecular level to explore the diversity of the orexin-producing neurons, their projections, and their signaling pathways. Additionally, the book discusses the diseases which are associated with a dysfunctional orexin system, such as narcolepsy, insomnia, substance abuse, and Alzheimer’s disease, and explores the new potential therapeutic applications derived from the burst of research around this fascinating system. This publication is essential reading for neurobiologists, neurologists, psychopharmacologists, sleep researchers, and other researchers and clinical scientists interested in sleep, sleep research, insomnia, and medicine in general.
Book Synopsis Cholinergic Function and Dysfunction by :
Download or read book Cholinergic Function and Dysfunction written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-09-09 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cholinergic Function and Dysfunction
Book Synopsis The Human Hypothalamus by : Dick F. Swaab
Download or read book The Human Hypothalamus written by Dick F. Swaab and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hypothalamus is an important area of the brain for understanding a variety of neurological disorders. This volume summarizes for readers the anatomy and physiology of the anterior hypothalamus, to better understand pathology and treatment of hypothalamus related disorders. In addition to anatomy and physiology in humans, cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture in rodents is provided. The volume explores the role of the hypothalamus in disorders of eating, sleeping, anxiety, and mood, as well as its role in sexual behavior and gender identity. Coverage includes how Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and other neurological disorders relate to the hypothalamus. Reviews the anatomy and physiology of the anterior hypothalamus Provides cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture from rodents Discusses hypothalamic related disorders of eating, sleeping, anxiety, and mood Covers how Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and other neurological disorders relate to the hypothalamus Explores the role of the hypothalamus in sexual behavior and gender identity
Book Synopsis Brody's Human Pharmacology by : Lynn Wecker
Download or read book Brody's Human Pharmacology written by Lynn Wecker and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the essential aspects of pharmacology you need to know, Brody‘s Human Pharmacology, 6th Edition, keeps you fully up to date with all that’s new in the field. Streamlined content, a new organizational approach, and thoroughly updated information ensure your grasp of key concepts and prepare you for exams. Nearly 500 full-color illustrations explain important processes, while color-coded boxes for major drugs, therapeutic overviews, clinical problems, and trade names reinforce your mastery of the information. The 6th Edition of this easy-to-use text is now fully up to date with: NEW chapter devoted entirely to pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. NEW chapter on cannabinoids and their use for pain and other disorders, in light of recent legalization in many states. NEW chapters on recent developments in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, ADHD and the latest treatments for HIV. NEW section on pain management. NEW section in each chapter covering "Clinical Relevance for Healthcare Professionals" that provides important information specific to physical therapists, dentists and dental hygienists, and many other medical professionals. Plus these student-friendly features: A new organizational approach, focusing on integration and systems-based learning. Contributions from leading faculty who cover the most important aspects of pharmacology necessary for a basic understanding of the subject, including concepts, clinical applications, and side effects. USMLE-style self-assessment questions at the end of every chapter, answers and rationales in the Appendix. Evolve Instructor Resources, including a downloadable image and test bank, are available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at: https://evolve.elsevier.com
