Blue Carbon Dynamics Of The Indian Ocean

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Blue Carbon Dynamics of the Indian Ocean

Author : Abhra Chanda
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030965589
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Blue Carbon Dynamics of the Indian Ocean by : Abhra Chanda

Download or read book Blue Carbon Dynamics of the Indian Ocean written by Abhra Chanda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-21 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an overview of various aspects of blue carbon dynamics from each country bordering the Indian Ocean. Given the importance of the topic of blue carbon, it can be assumed that in near future, more and more researchers from the Indian Ocean countries will pursue environmental research in this domain. This book is a ready reference to all those who are interested to have a holistic understanding about the ground scenario of blue carbon in the Indian Ocean. There are many research institutes situated in the periphery of the Indian Ocean that are devoted to nurturing the new avenues of marine carbon research. Researchers and scholars interested in this domain will find this book provides a good overview, wherein all the necessary information on the status and functioning of these blue carbon ecosystems are detailed in a concise way. The book is also helpful to postgraduate students of ‘marine science’ or those who have a specialization in ‘marine biogeochemistry’ or ‘chemical oceanography’ to develop a basic understanding about the very concept of ‘blue carbon’ from the perspective of the Indian Ocean.

Carbon sequestration by coastal floral community

Author : Abhijit Mitra
Publisher : The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
ISBN 13 : 8179935515
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (799 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon sequestration by coastal floral community by : Abhijit Mitra

Download or read book Carbon sequestration by coastal floral community written by Abhijit Mitra and published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nature-based approaches for the mitigation of climate change are increasingly seen as part of the solution, blue carbon has recently been receiving greater international attention. This has stimulated renewed interest in better management, conservation and restoration of coastal ecosystems including mangrove forests, seagrass meadows, tidal salt marshes, and seaweed beds for the purpose of climate change mitigation. However, a number of gaps still exist in our scientific knowledge on coastal biodiversity, which are critical to developing blue carbon projects for the international carbon market. The present book has focused on some of these important issues. Apart from standardizing ecological approach in estimating blue carbon in various vegetation compartments, the book also presents few important case studies (as annexure), which can serve as the basics of hand-on-scientific training in estimating the magnitude of stored carbon in mangroves, salt marsh, seagrass, seaweeds and phytoplankton. The influence of salinity, nutrients and several relevant hydrological parameters on the rate of blue carbon sequestration has also been critically analysed.

Blue Carbon

Author : C. Nellemann
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
ISBN 13 : 9788277010601
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Blue Carbon by : C. Nellemann

Download or read book Blue Carbon written by C. Nellemann and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2009 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report explores the potential for mitigating the impacts of climate change by improved management and protection of marine ecosystems and especially the vegetated coastal habitat, or blue carbon sinks. The objective of this report is to highlight the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems in maintaining our climate and in assisting policy makers to mainstream an oceans agenda into national and international climate change initiatives. While emissions' reductions are currently at the centre of the climate change discussions, the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems has been vastly overlooked.

Environmental Oceanography and Coastal Dynamics

Author : Swapna Mukherjee
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031344227
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Oceanography and Coastal Dynamics by : Swapna Mukherjee

Download or read book Environmental Oceanography and Coastal Dynamics written by Swapna Mukherjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with every aspect of oceanography in detail including various aspects of physical, chemical, geological, and biological discourse. ‘Earth and Planetary Science’ is perhaps the oldest, dynamic, and ever-evolving subject. Oceanography is one of its domains, which has become important in the present date, given the ubiquitous and undeniable climate change that we are experiencing. The subject domain of oceanography encompasses several environmental issues, which need serious attention from the present scientific community. Despite the ocean’s significant role in the collective well-being of the human race, a multitude of anthropogenic activities has drastically polluted and degraded several crucial oceanic ecosystems within a short span. This book aims to present a concise yet succinct introduction to Oceanography as a subject and at the same time highlight the cutting-edge topics of research encompassing marine pollution, coastal processes, and many other associated phenomena. Oceanography is an interdisciplinary emerging subject and students all over the world who come from varied disciplines are pursuing it as higher studies. Long sections are devoted to ocean–atmosphere interaction, tides, waves, and related coastal processes. The book represents a comprehensive idea of human activities bestowing the ocean with particular reference to Indian examples. This book helps to understand marine pollution and the behavior of oil, plastic, and other agents in the light of real-world examples and empirical models. Harnessing electricity from waves and tides is a technological advancement in the field of unconventional energy. The vast resources of the ocean like oil, mineral, methane hydrate, and their proper estimation and exploitation is the topic of discussion in the third part of the book. This book is designated to meet the essential needs of the students studying oceanography and marine science. It may be helpful to professional oceanographers also.

Blue Carbon

Author : Daniel M. Alongi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331991698X
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Blue Carbon by : Daniel M. Alongi

Download or read book Blue Carbon written by Daniel M. Alongi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work summarizes the science and management of a rapidly expanding topic in climate science, namely adaptation and mitigation. The term 'blue carbon' refers to the rates, pathways and volumes of greenhouse carbon sequestered in coastal estuarine and marine ecosystems such as salt marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows. Blue carbon and its vital role in climate change mitigation are central to this book. Readers find summaries and analysis of both the basic scientific data and data from blue carbon field projects, and a practical guide on how to manage a successful blue carbon field project. There is a discussion on how to maximize the carbon sequestration and consideration of whether blue carbon projects make a difference. The work is not only of interest to scholars involved in climate science, but also those in the marine sciences, and those in ecosystem ecology, biogeochemistry; geochemistry; estuarine and marine plant ecology.

Blue Carbon in Shallow Coastal Ecosystems

Author : Tomohiro Kuwae
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811312958
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Blue Carbon in Shallow Coastal Ecosystems by : Tomohiro Kuwae

Download or read book Blue Carbon in Shallow Coastal Ecosystems written by Tomohiro Kuwae and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive and innovative understanding of the role of shallow coastal ecosystems in carbon cycling, particularly marine carbon sequestration. Incorporating a series of forward-looking chapters, the book combines thorough reviews of the global literature and regional assessments—mainly around the Indo-Pacific region and Japan—with global perspectives to provide a thorough assessment of carbon cycling in shallow coastal systems. It advocates the expansion of blue-carbon ecosystems (mangroves, seagrass meadows, and salt marshes) into macroalgal beds, tidal flats, coral reefs, and urbanized shallow waters, demonstrating the potential of these ecosystems as new carbon sinks. Moreover, it discusses not only topics that are currently the focus of blue-carbon studies, i.e., sedimentary carbon stock and accumulation rate, but also CO2 gas exchange between the atmosphere and shallow coastal ecosystems, carbon storage in the water column as refractory organic carbon, and off-site carbon storage. Including highly original contributions, this comprehensive work inspires research beyond the specific regions covered by the chapters. The suite of new concepts and approaches is refreshing and demonstrates that blue-carbon research is indeed a vibrant new field of research, providing deep insights into neglected aspects of carbon cycling in the marine environment. At the same time the book provides guidance for policy makers to deliver benefits to society, for example the inclusion of blue carbon as a carbon offset scheme or the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in the Paris Agreement, and also for building resilience in coastal socio-ecosystems through better management. This book is intended for all those interested in the science and management of coastal ecosystems.

Carbon dynamics in freshwater, coastal and oceanic ecosystems in response to the SDG goals

Author : Jeng-Wei Tsai
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832527264
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon dynamics in freshwater, coastal and oceanic ecosystems in response to the SDG goals by : Jeng-Wei Tsai

Download or read book Carbon dynamics in freshwater, coastal and oceanic ecosystems in response to the SDG goals written by Jeng-Wei Tsai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-23 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Human Impacts on Salt Marshes

Author : Brian R. Silliman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520258921
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (589 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Impacts on Salt Marshes by : Brian R. Silliman

Download or read book Human Impacts on Salt Marshes written by Brian R. Silliman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-06-03 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Impacts on Salt Marshes provides an excellent global synthesis of an important, underappreciated environmental problem and suggests solutions to the diverse threats affecting salt marshes."—Peter B. Moyle, University of California, Davis

The Blue Economy Handbook of the Indian Ocean Region

Author : Attri, V.N.
Publisher : Africa Institute of South Africa
ISBN 13 : 0798305185
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis The Blue Economy Handbook of the Indian Ocean Region by : Attri, V.N.

Download or read book The Blue Economy Handbook of the Indian Ocean Region written by Attri, V.N. and published by Africa Institute of South Africa. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As humanity enters the Anthropocene epoch the oceans are more at risk than ever before as a result of the increased exploitation of its resources. The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world comprising 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. The sea lanes in the Indian Ocean are among the busiest in the world with more than 80 percent of global seaborne trade in oil transiting through the Indian Ocean and its vital chokepoints and an estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. The importance of this region cannot be underestimated and there is no doubt that there are many opportunities for economic growth and job creation presented by the waters washing the shores of the Indian Ocean Rim. In order to ensure a desirable future for humanity it is necessary to make use of the ocean’s resources in a sustainable and responsible manner. Climate change is affecting the Indian Ocean negatively, placing a strain on the ability to ensure food security and damaging the economies of small island states that depend on fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods. Increasing ocean temperatures and ocean acidification are taking a toll on ecosystems. This book is the first of its kind, providing fresh insights into the various aspects and impacts of the Blue Economy in the Indian Ocean Region: from shifting paradigms, to an accounting framework, gender dynamics, the law of the sea and renewable energy, this handbook aims at increasing awareness of the Blue Economy in the Indian Ocean Region and to provide evidence to policy-makers in the region to make informed decisions. The contributions are from a mixture of disciplines by scholars and experts from seven countries.

Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts

Author : Friess Daniel
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128175109
Total Pages : 650 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts by : Friess Daniel

Download or read book Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts written by Friess Daniel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-12-05 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts provides knowledge on the importance of sedimentary dynamics in managing mangrove forests. In the first part of the book, the editors seamlessly offer a general introduction of mangrove sedimentary dynamics. This leads into more in-depth information on soil surface elevation change, sea level rise, and the importance of sedimentary dynamics in the loss or gain of blue carbon. The book concludes the discussion of mangrove sedimentary dynamics by addressing the issues of climate change (e.g. sea level rise and blue carbon) on mangrove restoration and sediment. This book will assist coastal managers and academics in addressing the gaps in mangrove restoration and coastal management. As such, it will be a valuable reference for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, academics in the field of coastal restoration, and coastal management practitioners. Provides a state-of-the-art summary of research into sedimentary dynamics in mangrove forests Includes updates on issues of climate change-relevant to mangroves, such as blue carbon and sea level rise Presents scientific background and successful case studies for mangrove restoration that can solve problems relating to mangrove management

Dynamics of Planktonic Primary Productivity in the Indian Ocean

Author : Sarat Chandra Tripathy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031344677
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamics of Planktonic Primary Productivity in the Indian Ocean by : Sarat Chandra Tripathy

Download or read book Dynamics of Planktonic Primary Productivity in the Indian Ocean written by Sarat Chandra Tripathy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume compiles recent research on phytoplankton primary productivity (PP) in the Indian Ocean to provide an understanding and consolidation of the driving mechanisms of PP variability in diverse oceanic ecosystems globally. The book aims to facilitate a holistic overview of the research carried out in this field in various oceanic realms such as Indian coastal and oceanic waters (estuaries, coastal waters, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean). The contents of this book also address the United Nations sustainable development goals i.e., SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life below Water), with a focus on the impacts of climate change oceanic ecosystems. The book can serve as a comprehensive baseline of information for researchers studying planktonic primary productivity and biogeochemistry-related research in the above-mentioned marine ecosystems and other global oceans. It is intended to attract the attention of researchers, professionals, undergraduate and graduate oceanography students, and policy makers in the field of marine sciences.

Estuarine Biogeochemical Dynamics of the East Coast of India

Author : Sourav Das
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030689808
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Estuarine Biogeochemical Dynamics of the East Coast of India by : Sourav Das

Download or read book Estuarine Biogeochemical Dynamics of the East Coast of India written by Sourav Das and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent research on estuaries of the east coast of India, and how changing biogeochemical dynamics as a result of climate change and human activity have impacted estuaries and other open water ecosystems. Though estuaries only cover a very small portion of the earth’s hydrosphere, they are some of the most biogeochemically active regions among the global water bodies. As such, this book focuses on estuaries of the east coast of India going all the way to the Bay of Bengal, which is the world's largest freshwater input from perennial rivers and rain-fed estuaries, and is therefore a unique area of study. Through its unique coverage of the Bay of Bengal in particular, the book presents a new perspective not present in the literature on estuary biogeochemistry and ecosystem dynamics. Moreover, the book addresses SDG 13 (Climate Action) and 14 (Life below Water), with a focus on ecosystem services of the natural aquatic system.The book will be useful to researchers, policy makers, coastal managers and marine sustainability scientists and organizations.

A Blue Carbon Primer

Author : Lisamarie Windham-Myers
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429787766
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis A Blue Carbon Primer by : Lisamarie Windham-Myers

Download or read book A Blue Carbon Primer written by Lisamarie Windham-Myers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features: Captures the historic context and recent developments in science and policy arenas that address the potential for coastal wetlands to be considered as significant contributors to carbon sequestration Links multiple levels of science (biogeochemistry, geomorphology, paleoclimate, etc.) with blue carbon concepts (science, policy, mapping, operationalization, economics) in a single compendium Concludes with a discussion of future directions which covers integrated scientific approaches, impending threats and specific gaps in current knowledge Includes 7 case studies from across the globe that demonstrate the benefits and challenges of blue carbon accounting Written by over 100 leading global blue carbon experts in science and policy. Blue Carbon has emerged as a term that represents the distinctive carbon stocks and fluxes into or out of coastal wetlands such as marshes, mangroves, and seagrasses. The Blue Carbon concept has rapidly developed in science literature and is highly relevant politically, as nations and markets are developing blue carbon monitoring and management tools and policies. This book is a comprehensive and current compendium of the state of the science, the state of maps and mapping protocols, and the state of policy incentives (including economic valuation of blue carbon), with additional sections on operationalizing blue carbon projects and 7 case studies with global relevance.

The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate

Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009178466
Total Pages : 1807 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 1807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Solving Complex Ocean Challenges Through Interdisciplinary Research: Advances from Early Career Marine Scientists

Author : Stephanie Brodie
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889763013
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Solving Complex Ocean Challenges Through Interdisciplinary Research: Advances from Early Career Marine Scientists by : Stephanie Brodie

Download or read book Solving Complex Ocean Challenges Through Interdisciplinary Research: Advances from Early Career Marine Scientists written by Stephanie Brodie and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Topic Editors Stephanie Brodie, Christopher Cvitanovic, Maria Grazia Pennino, Jon Lopez and André Frainer declare that they are members of the IMBeR (Integrated Marine Biosphere Research) network and IMECaN (Interdisciplinary Marine Early Career Network) and are collaborating with the IMBeR research community.

The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System

Author : Caroline C. Ummenhofer
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128232862
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System by : Caroline C. Ummenhofer

Download or read book The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System written by Caroline C. Ummenhofer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-04-18 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System provides an overview of our contemporary understanding of the Indian Ocean (geology, atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, biogeochemistry) and its role in the climate system. It describes the monsoon systems, Indian Ocean circulation and connections with other ocean basins. Climatic phenomena in the Indian Ocean are detailed across a range of timescales (seasonal, interannual to multi-decadal). Biogeochemical and ecosystem variability is also described. The book will provide a summary of different tools (e.g., observations, modeling, paleoclimate records) that are used for understanding Indian Ocean variability and trends. Recent trends and future projections of the Indian Ocean, including warming, extreme events, ocean acidification and deoxygenation will be detailed. The Indian Ocean is unique and different from other tropical ocean basins due to its geography. It is traditionally under-observed and understudied, yet plays a fundamental role for regional and global climate. The vagaries of the Asian monsoon affect over a billion people and a third of the global population live in the vicinity of the Indian Ocean. It is also particularly vulnerable to climate change, with robust warming and trends in heat and freshwater observed in recent decades. Advances have recently been made in our understanding of the Indian Ocean’s circulation, interactions with adjacent ocean basins, and its role in regional and global climate. Nonetheless, significant gaps remain in understanding, observing, modeling, and predicting Indian Ocean variability and change across a range of timescales. As such, this book is the perfect compendium to any researcher, student, teacher/lecturer in the fields of oceanography, atmospheric science, paleoclimate, environmental science, meteorology and geology, as well as policy managers and water resource managers. Provides interdisciplinary content with a comprehensive overview for students and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines as well as for stakeholders Presents a broad overview and background on the current state of knowledge of the variability, change, and regional impacts of the Indian Ocean Includes links to animations, slideshows, and other educational resources

Blue Carbon Reservoir of the Blue Planet

Author : Abhijit Mitra
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 8132221079
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

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Book Synopsis Blue Carbon Reservoir of the Blue Planet by : Abhijit Mitra

Download or read book Blue Carbon Reservoir of the Blue Planet written by Abhijit Mitra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ever increasing emission of carbon dioxide due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, unplanned tourism and alteration of land use pattern is causing unprecedented changes to marine biodiversity. Irrespective of political philosophy, nation, caste, sex and religion, mankind is under the appalling shadow of climate change. Today nature-based approaches for the mitigation of climate change are increasingly accepted as part of the low-cost solution. Thrust has been given by several scientific communities to assess the magnitude and viability of carbon sequestering potential of plants. Coastal producer communities like mangroves, salt marsh grass, seagrass beds, and seaweeds absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. This carbon known as the ‘blue carbon’ is thus associated with the marine and estuarine ecosystems. However, a number of gaps in our scientific knowledge on blue carbon domain still exist. Molluscs, coral reefs, phytoplankton, which are amongst the important storehouses of carbon, have not been addressed. Very few scientific studies on the carbon stored in these valuable natural vaults have been performed, and no data bank is available on their carbon sequestering capacity on global basis. The methodologies for assessing blue carbon stock also need further standardization so that credit from blue carbon reservoir is accepted by the International bodies in the form of a concrete policy. It is a matter of great appreciation that Conservation International (CI), the International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources (IUCN), and the Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO is collaborating with governments, research institutions, non-governmental and international organizations, and communities around the world to develop management approaches, financial incentives and policy mechanisms for ensuring conservation and restoration of blue carbon ecosystems and implement projects around the world that demonstrate the feasibility of blue carbon accounting, management, and incentive agreements. The present book has critically presented the data bank for each community of blue carbon not merely in the form of text description, but also through case studies that are the outcomes of research projects and pilot programmes.