Black Political Activism And The Cuban Republic

Download Black Political Activism And The Cuban Republic full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Black Political Activism And The Cuban Republic ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Black Political Activism and the Cuban Republic

Author : Melina Pappademos
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807869178
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (691 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Black Political Activism and the Cuban Republic by : Melina Pappademos

Download or read book Black Political Activism and the Cuban Republic written by Melina Pappademos and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it was not until 1871 that slavery in Cuba was finally abolished, African-descended people had high hopes for legal, social, and economic advancement as the republican period started. In Black Political Activism and the Cuban Republic, Melina Pappademos analyzes the racial politics and culture of black civic and political activists during the Cuban Republic. The path to equality, Pappademos reveals, was often stymied by successive political and economic crises, patronage politics, and profound racial tensions. In the face of these issues, black political leaders and members of black social clubs developed strategies for expanding their political authority and for winning respectability and socioeconomic resources. Rather than appeal to a monolithic black Cuban identity based on the assumption of shared experience, these black activists, politicians, and public intellectuals consistently recognized the class, cultural, and ideological differences that existed within the black community, thus challenging conventional wisdom about black community formation and anachronistic ideas of racial solidarity. Pappademos illuminates the central, yet often silenced, intellectual and cultural role of black Cubans in the formation of the nation's political structures; in doing so, she shows that black activism was only partially motivated by race.

The Power of Race in Cuba

Author : Danielle Pilar Clealand
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190632313
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Power of Race in Cuba by : Danielle Pilar Clealand

Download or read book The Power of Race in Cuba written by Danielle Pilar Clealand and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Power of Race in Cuba, Danielle Pilar Clealand analyzes racial ideologies that negate the existence of racism and their effect on racial progress and activism through the lens of Cuba. Since 1959, Fidel Castro and the Cuban government have married socialism and the ideal of racial harmony to create a formidable ideology that is an integral part of Cubans' sense of identity and their perceptions of race and racism in their country. While the combination of socialism and a colorblind racial ideology is particular to Cuba, strategies that paint a picture of equality of opportunity and deflect the importance of race are not particular to the island's ideology and can be found throughout the world, and in the Americas, in particular. By promoting an anti-discrimination ethos, diminishing class differences at the onset of the revolution, and declaring the end of racism, Castro was able to unite belief in the revolution to belief in the erasure of racism. The ideology is bolstered by rhetoric that discourages racial affirmation. The second part of the book examines public opinion on race in Cuba, particularly among black Cubans. It examines how black Cubans have indeed embraced the dominant nationalist ideology that eschews racial affirmation, but also continue to create spaces for black consciousness that challenge this ideology. The Power of Race in Cuba gives a nuanced portrait of black identity in Cuba and through survey data, interviews with formal organizers, hip hop artists, draws from the many black spaces, both formal and informal to highlight what black consciousness looks like in Cuba.

Cuban Revolution in America

Author : Teishan A. Latner
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 146963547X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cuban Revolution in America by : Teishan A. Latner

Download or read book Cuban Revolution in America written by Teishan A. Latner and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cuba's grassroots revolution prevailed on America's doorstep in 1959, fueling intense interest within the multiracial American Left even as it provoked a backlash from the U.S. political establishment. In this groundbreaking book, historian Teishan A. Latner contends that in the era of decolonization, the Vietnam War, and Black Power, socialist Cuba claimed center stage for a generation of Americans who looked to the insurgent Third World for inspiration and political theory. As Americans studied the island's achievements in education, health care, and economic redistribution, Cubans in turn looked to U.S. leftists as collaborators in the global battle against inequality and allies in the nation's Cold War struggle with Washington. By forging ties with organizations such as the Venceremos Brigade, the Black Panther Party, and the Cuban American students of the Antonio Maceo Brigade, and by providing political asylum to activists such as Assata Shakur, Cuba became a durable global influence on the U.S. Left. Drawing from extensive archival and oral history research and declassified FBI and CIA documents, this is the first multidecade examination of the encounter between the Cuban Revolution and the U.S. Left after 1959. By analyzing Cuba's multifaceted impact on American radicalism, Latner contributes to a growing body of scholarship that has globalized the study of U.S. social justice movements.

Civil Rights and Beyond

Author : Brian D. Behnken
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 082034916X
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Civil Rights and Beyond by : Brian D. Behnken

Download or read book Civil Rights and Beyond written by Brian D. Behnken and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Civil Rights and Beyond examines the dynamic relationships between African American and Latino/a activists in the United States from the 1930s to the present day. Building on recent scholarship, this book pushes the timeframe for the study of interactions between blacks and a variety of Latino/a groups beyond the standard chronology of the civil rights era. As such, the book merges a host of community histories--each with their own distinct historical experiences and activisms--to explore group dynamics, differing strategies and activist moments, and the broader quests of these communities for rights and social justice. The collection is framed around the concept of "activism," which most fully encompasses the relationships that blacks and Latinos have enjoyed throughout the twentieth century. Wide ranging and pioneering, Civil Rights and Beyond explores black and Latino/a activism from California to Florida, Chicago to Bakersfield--and a host of other communities and cities--to demonstrate the complicated nature of African American-Latino/a activism in the twentieth-century United States. Contributors: Brian D. Behnken, Dan Berger, Hannah Gill, Laurie Lahey, Kevin Allen Leonard, Mark Malisa, Gordon Mantler, Alyssa Ribeiro, Oliver A. Rosales, Chanelle Nyree Rose, and Jakobi Williams

A Nation for All

Author : Alejandro de la Fuente
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807898765
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Nation for All by : Alejandro de la Fuente

Download or read book A Nation for All written by Alejandro de la Fuente and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2011-01-20 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After thirty years of anticolonial struggle against Spain and four years of military occupation by the United States, Cuba formally became an independent republic in 1902. The nationalist coalition that fought for Cuba's freedom, a movement in which blacks and mulattoes were well represented, had envisioned an egalitarian and inclusive country--a nation for all, as Jose Marti described it. But did the Cuban republic, and later the Cuban revolution, live up to these expectations? Tracing the formation and reformulation of nationalist ideologies, government policies, and different forms of social and political mobilization in republican and postrevolutionary Cuba, Alejandro de la Fuente explores the opportunities and limitations that Afro-Cubans experienced in such areas as job access, education, and political representation. Challenging assumptions of both underlying racism and racial democracy, he contends that racism and antiracism coexisted within Cuban nationalism and, in turn, Cuban society. This coexistence has persisted to this day, despite significant efforts by the revolutionary government to improve the lot of the poor and build a nation that was truly for all.

Antiracism in Cuba

Author : Devyn Spence Benson
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 146962673X
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Antiracism in Cuba by : Devyn Spence Benson

Download or read book Antiracism in Cuba written by Devyn Spence Benson and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing the ideology and rhetoric around race in Cuba and south Florida during the early years of the Cuban revolution, Devyn Spence Benson argues that ideas, stereotypes, and discriminatory practices relating to racial difference persisted despite major efforts by the Cuban state to generate social equality. Drawing on Cuban and U.S. archival materials and face-to-face interviews, Benson examines 1960s government programs and campaigns against discrimination, showing how such programs frequently negated their efforts by reproducing racist images and idioms in revolutionary propaganda, cartoons, and school materials. Building on nineteenth-century discourses that imagined Cuba as a raceless space, revolutionary leaders embraced a narrow definition of blackness, often seeming to suggest that Afro-Cubans had to discard their blackness to join the revolution. This was and remains a false dichotomy for many Cubans of color, Benson demonstrates. While some Afro-Cubans agreed with the revolution's sentiments about racial transcendence--"not blacks, not whites, only Cubans--others found ways to use state rhetoric to demand additional reforms. Still others, finding a revolution that disavowed blackness unsettling and paternalistic, fought to insert black history and African culture into revolutionary nationalisms. Despite such efforts by Afro-Cubans and radical government-sponsored integration programs, racism has persisted throughout the revolution in subtle but lasting ways.

Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba

Author : Mark Q. Sawyer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139448102
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba by : Mark Q. Sawyer

Download or read book Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba written by Mark Q. Sawyer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-11-28 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the triumphs and failures of the Castro regime in the area of race relations. It places the Cuban revolution in a comparative and international framework and challenges arguments that the regime eliminated racial inequality or that it was profoundly racist. Through interviews, historical materials, and survey research, it provides a balanced view. The book maintains that Cuba has not been a racial democracy as some have argued. However, it also argues that Cuba has done more than any other society to eliminate racial inequality. The contemporary outlook of the book demonstrates how much of Cuban racial ideology was unchanged by the revolution. Thus, the current implementation of market reforms and in particular tourism has exacerbated racial inequalities. Finally, it holds that despite these shortcomings, the regime remains popular among blacks because they perceive their alternatives of the US and the Miami Exile community to be far worse.

Measures of Equality

Author : Alejandra Bronfman
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807855638
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (556 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Measures of Equality by : Alejandra Bronfman

Download or read book Measures of Equality written by Alejandra Bronfman and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years following Cuba's independence, nationalists aimed to transcend racial categories in order to create a unified polity, yet racial and cultural heterogeneity posed continual challenges to these liberal notions of citizenship. Alejandra Bronfman

Prostitution, Modernity, and the Making of the Cuban Republic, 1840-1920

Author : Tiffany A. Sippial
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469608936
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Prostitution, Modernity, and the Making of the Cuban Republic, 1840-1920 by : Tiffany A. Sippial

Download or read book Prostitution, Modernity, and the Making of the Cuban Republic, 1840-1920 written by Tiffany A. Sippial and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2013 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostitution, Modernity, and the Making of the Cuban Republic, 1840-1920

Breaking the Chains, Forging the Nation

Author : Aisha Finch
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807170984
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Breaking the Chains, Forging the Nation by : Aisha Finch

Download or read book Breaking the Chains, Forging the Nation written by Aisha Finch and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breaking the Chains, Forging the Nation offers a new perspective on black political life in Cuba by analyzing the time between two hallmark Cuban events, the Aponte Rebellion of 1812 and the Race War of 1912. In so doing, this anthology provides fresh insight into the ways in which Cubans practiced and understood black freedom and resistance, from the aftermath of the Haitian Revolution to the early years of the Cuban republic. Bringing together an impressive range of scholars from the field of Cuban studies, the volume examines, for the first time, the continuities between disparate forms of political struggle and racial organizing during the early years of the nineteenth century and traces them into the early decades of the twentieth. Matt Childs, Manuel Barcia, Gloria García, and Reynaldo Ortíz-Minayo explore the transformation of Cuba’s nineteenth-century sugar regime and the ways in which African-descended people responded to these new realities, while Barbara Danzie León and Matthew Pettway examine the intellectual and artistic work that captured the politics of this period. Aisha Finch, Ada Ferrer, Michele Reid-Vazquez, Jacqueline Grant, and Joseph Dorsey consider new ways to think about the categories of resistance and agency, the gendered investments of traditional resistance histories, and the continuities of struggle that erupted over the course of the mid-nineteenth century. In the final section of the book, Fannie Rushing, Aline Helg, Melina Pappademos, and Takkara Brunson delve into Cuba’s early nationhood and its fraught racial history. Isabel Hernández Campos and W. F. Santiago-Valles conclude the book with reflections on the process of history and commemoration in Cuba. Together, the contributors rethink the ways in which African-descended Cubans battled racial violence, created pathways to citizenship and humanity, and exercised claims on the nation state. Utilizing rare primary documents on the Afro-Cuban communities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Breaking the Chains, Forging the Nation explores how black resistance to exploitative systems played a central role in the making of the Cuban nation.

Black Women, Citizenship, and the Making of Modern Cuba

Author : Takkara K. Brunson
Publisher : University of Florida Press
ISBN 13 : 9781683403739
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Black Women, Citizenship, and the Making of Modern Cuba by : Takkara K. Brunson

Download or read book Black Women, Citizenship, and the Making of Modern Cuba written by Takkara K. Brunson and published by University of Florida Press. This book was released on 2023-03-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illuminating the activism of Black women during Cuba's prerevolutionary period Association of Black Women Historians Letitia Woods Brown Book Prize In Black Women, Citizenship, and the Making of Modern Cuba, Takkara Brunson traces how women of African descent battled exclusion on multiple fronts and played an important role in forging a modern democracy. Brunson takes a much-needed intersectional approach to the political history of the era, examining how Black women's engagement with questions of Cuban citizenship intersected with racial prejudice, gender norms, and sexual politics, incorporating Afro-diasporic and Latin American feminist perspectives. Brunson demonstrates that between the 1886 abolition of slavery in Cuba and the 1959 Revolution, Black women--without formal political power--navigated political movements in their efforts to create a more just society. She examines how women helped build a Black public sphere as they claimed moral respectability and sought racial integration. She reveals how Black women entered into national women's organizations, labor unions, and political parties to bring about legal reforms. Brunson shows how women of African descent achieved individual victories as part of a collective struggle for social justice; in doing so, she highlights how racism and sexism persisted even as legal definitions of Cuban citizenship evolved.

Black Cuban, Black American

Author : Evelio Grillo
Publisher : Arte Publico Press
ISBN 13 : 9781611920376
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Black Cuban, Black American by : Evelio Grillo

Download or read book Black Cuban, Black American written by Evelio Grillo and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 2000-04-30 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arte Público Presss landmark series "Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Heritage" has traditionally been devoted to long-lost and historic works by Hispanics of decades and even centuries past. The publications of Black Cuban, Black American mark the first original work by a living author to become part of this notable series. The reason for this unprecedented honor can be seen in Evilio Grillos path-breaking life. Ybor City was once a thriving factory town populated by cigar-makers, mostly emigrants from Cuba. Growing up in Ybor City (now part of Tampa) in the early twentieth century, the young Evilio experienced the complexities and sometimes the difficulties of life in a horse-and-buggy society demarcated by both racial and linguistic lines. Life was different depending on whether you were Spanish- or English-speaking, a white or black Cuban, a Cuban American or a native-born U.S. citizen, well off or poor. (Even U.S.-born blacks did not always get along with their Hispanic counterparts.) Grillo captures the joys and sorrows of this unique world that slowly faded away as he grew to adulthood and was absorbed into the African-American community during the Depression. He then tells of his eye-opening experiences as a soldier in an all-black unit serving in the China-Burma-India theatre of operations during World War II. Booklovers may have read of Ybor City in the novels of Jose Yglesias, but never before has the colorful locale been portrayed from this perspective. The book also contains a fascinating eight-page photo insert.

Cuban Underground Hip Hop

Author : Tanya L. Saunders
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477307702
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cuban Underground Hip Hop by : Tanya L. Saunders

Download or read book Cuban Underground Hip Hop written by Tanya L. Saunders and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is a part of the Latin American and Caribbean Arts and Culture publication initiative, funded by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation."

Suspect Freedoms

Author : Nancy Raquel Mirabal
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814761127
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Suspect Freedoms by : Nancy Raquel Mirabal

Download or read book Suspect Freedoms written by Nancy Raquel Mirabal and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2017-01-10 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in the early nineteenth century, Cubans migrated to New York City to organize and protest against Spanish colonial rule. While revolutionary wars raged in Cuba, expatriates envisioned, dissected, and redefined meanings of independence and nationhood. An underlying element was the concept of Cubanidad, a shared sense of what it meant to be Cuban. Deeply influenced by discussions of slavery, freedom, masculinity, and United States imperialism, the question of what and who constituted “being Cuban” remained in flux and often, suspect. The first book to explore Cuban racial and sexual politics in New York during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Suspect Freedoms chronicles the largely unexamined and often forgotten history of more than a hundred years of Cuban exile, migration, diaspora, and community formation. Nancy Raquel Mirabal delves into the rich cache of primary sources, archival documents, literary texts, club records, newspapers, photographs, and oral histories to write what Michel Rolph Trouillot has termed an “unthinkable history.” Situating this pivotal era within larger theoretical discussions of potential, future, visibility, and belonging, Mirabal shows how these transformations complicated meanings of territoriality, gender, race, power, and labor. She argues that slavery, nation, and the fear that Cuba would become “another Haiti” were critical in the making of early diasporic Cubanidades, and documents how, by the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Afro-Cubans were authors of their own experiences; organizing movements, publishing texts, and establishing important political, revolutionary, and social clubs. Meticulously documented and deftly crafted, Suspect Freedoms unravels a nuanced and vital history.

The Right to Live in Health

Author : Daniel A. Rodríguez
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469659743
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Right to Live in Health by : Daniel A. Rodríguez

Download or read book The Right to Live in Health written by Daniel A. Rodríguez and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Daniel A. Rodriguez's history of a newly independent Cuba shaking off the U.S. occupation focuses on the intersection of public health and politics in Havana. While medical policies were often used to further American colonial power, in Cuba, Rodriguez argues, they evolved into important expressions of anticolonial nationalism as Cuba struggled to establish itself as a modern state. A younger generation of Cuban medical reformers, including physicians, patients, and officials, imagined disease as a kind of remnant of colonial rule. These new medical nationalists, as Rodriguez calls them, looked to medical science to guide Cuba toward what they envisioned as a healthy and independent future. Rodriguez describes how medicine and new public health projects infused republican Cuba's statecraft, powerfully shaping the lives of Havana's residents. He underscores how various stakeholders, including women and people of color, demanded robust government investment in quality medical care for all Cubans, a central national value that continues today. On a broader level, Rodriguez proposes that Latin America, at least as much as the United States and Europe, was an engine for the articulation of citizens' rights, including the right to health care, in the twentieth century.

Cuba (Winner of the Pulitzer Prize)

Author : Ada Ferrer
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1501154567
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cuba (Winner of the Pulitzer Prize) by : Ada Ferrer

Download or read book Cuba (Winner of the Pulitzer Prize) written by Ada Ferrer and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1961, at the height of the Cold War, the United States severed diplomatic relations with Cuba, where a momentous revolution had taken power three years earlier. For more than half a century, the stand-off continued--through the tenure of ten American presidents and the fifty-year rule of Fidel Castro. His death in 2016, and the retirement of his brother and successor Raúl Castro in 2021, have spurred questions about the country's future. Meanwhile, politics in Washington--Barack Obama's opening to the island, Donald Trump's reversal of that policy, and the election of Joe Biden--have made the relationship between the two nations a subject of debate once more. Now, award-winning historian Ada Ferrer delivers an ambitious chronicle written for an era that demands a new reckoning with the island's past. Spanning more than five centuries, Cuba: An American History reveals the evolution of the modern nation, with its dramatic record of conquest and colonization, of slavery and freedom, of independence and revolutions made and unmade. Along the way, Ferrer explores the influence of the United States on Cuba and the many ways the island has been a recurring presence in US affairs. This is a story that will give Americans unexpected insights into the history of their own nation and, in so doing, help them imagine a new relationship with Cuba. Filled with rousing stories and characters, and drawing on more than thirty years of research in Cuba, Spain, and the United States--as well as the author's own extensive travel to the island over the same period--this is a stunning and monumental account like no other. --

The Rise and Decline of an Alliance

Author : Ruth Reitan
Publisher : MSU Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Rise and Decline of an Alliance by : Ruth Reitan

Download or read book The Rise and Decline of an Alliance written by Ruth Reitan and published by MSU Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that the parameters that governed the relationship between the Cuban government and increasingly radicalized African-American activists in the 1960s were largely determined by the ideological conflicts between the revolutionary views of Che Guevara and the more conservative pro-Moscow views held by many in Castro's Popular Socialist Party. Issues explored include Cuba's support for international Pan-African movements, the role of Cuba in popularizing the aspirations of radical African-Americans to the world, and the eventual capitulation to ideologies of national security. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR