Biology As Society Society As Biology Metaphors

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Biology as Society, Society as Biology: Metaphors

Author : Sabine Maasen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401106738
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology as Society, Society as Biology: Metaphors by : Sabine Maasen

Download or read book Biology as Society, Society as Biology: Metaphors written by Sabine Maasen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: not lie in the conceptual distinctions but in the perceived functions of metaphors and whether in the concrete case they are judged positive or negative. The ongoing debates reflect these concerns quite clearly~ namely that metaphors are judged on the basis of supposed dangers they pose and opportunities they offer. These are the criteria of evaluation that are obviously dependent on the context in which the transfer of meaning occurs. Our fundamental concern is indeed the transfer itself~ its prospects and its limits. Looking at possible functions of metaphors is one approach to under standing and elucidating sentiments about them. The papers in this volume illustrate, by quite different examples, three basic functions of metaphors: illustrative, heuristic~ and constitutive. These functions rep resent different degrees of transfer of meaning. Metaphors are illustrative when they are used primarily as a literary device, to increase the power of conviction of an argument, for example. Although the difference between the illustrative and the heuristic function of metaphors is not great, it does exist: metaphors are used for heuristic purposes whenever "differences" of meaning are employed to open new perspectives and to gain new insights. In the case of "constitutive" metaphors they function to actually replace previous meanings by new ones. Sabine Maasen in her paper introduces the distinction between transfer and transforma tion.

Society and Its Metaphors

Author : Jose Lopez
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1847143733
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Society and Its Metaphors by : Jose Lopez

Download or read book Society and Its Metaphors written by Jose Lopez and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both classical and contemporary social theorists have created a range of frameworks to formulate and develop concepts of social structure. Focusing on the work of the key theorists, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Talcott Parsons and Louis Althusser, Society and its Metaphors maps the linguistic basis of different theories of social structure.

Critical Realism

Author : Justin Cruickshank
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134402821
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Realism by : Justin Cruickshank

Download or read book Critical Realism written by Justin Cruickshank and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the difference that critical realism can make to contemporary social sciences, covering cultural studies, feminism, globalization, heterodox economics, education policy, the self and the 'underclass' debate.

Political Language and Metaphor

Author : Terrell Carver
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134114702
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Language and Metaphor by : Terrell Carver

Download or read book Political Language and Metaphor written by Terrell Carver and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-03-04 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to develop new methodological approaches to understand and analyze the use of metaphor in political science and international relations.

Aristotle's Ladder, Darwin's Tree

Author : J. David Archibald
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231537662
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Aristotle's Ladder, Darwin's Tree by : J. David Archibald

Download or read book Aristotle's Ladder, Darwin's Tree written by J. David Archibald and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-19 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading paleontologist J. David Archibald explores the rich history of visual metaphors for biological order from ancient times to the present and their influence on humans' perception of their place in nature, offering uncommon insight into how we went from standing on the top rung of the biological ladder to embodying just one tiny twig on the tree of life. He begins with the ancient but still misguided use of ladders to show biological order, moving then to the use of trees to represent seasonal life cycles and genealogies by the Romans. The early Christian Church then appropriated trees to represent biblical genealogies. The late eighteenth century saw the tree reclaimed to visualize relationships in the natural world, sometimes with a creationist view, but in other instances suggesting evolution. Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859) exorcised the exclusively creationist view of the "tree of life," and his ideas sparked an explosion of trees, mostly by younger acolytes in Europe. Although Darwin's influence waned in the early twentieth century, by midcentury his ideas held sway once again in time for another and even greater explosion of tree building, generated by the development of new theories on how to assemble trees, the birth of powerful computing, and the emergence of molecular technology. Throughout Archibald's far-reaching study, and with the use of many figures, the evolution of "tree of life" iconography becomes entwined with our changing perception of the world and ourselves.

Metaphor and the Dynamics of Knowledge

Author : Sabine Maasen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134620306
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaphor and the Dynamics of Knowledge by : Sabine Maasen

Download or read book Metaphor and the Dynamics of Knowledge written by Sabine Maasen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book opens up a new route to the study of knowledge dynamics and the sociology of knowledge. The focus is on the role of metaphors as powerful catalysts, and the book dissects their role in the construction of theories of knowledge. It is of vital interest to social and cognitive scientists alike.

Hegemonies of Legitimation

Author : Dominika Biegoń
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137570504
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Hegemonies of Legitimation by : Dominika Biegoń

Download or read book Hegemonies of Legitimation written by Dominika Biegoń and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legitimacy of the European Union is a much studied and highly contested subject. Unlike other works, this book does not engage in another review of the shifts of public opinion and perception regarding the EU. Instead, it offers a different and innovative perspective by focusing on constructions of legitimacy in the European Commission. Starting from the premise that legitimacy is discursively constructed, the book engages in a fine-grained analysis of legitimacy discourses in the European Commission since the early 1970s. Embedded in a poststructuralist theoretical framework, Hegemonies of Legitimation also sheds light on the conditions that made radical shifts of legitimacy discourses possible, and illustrates how these discursive shifts paved the way for different types of legitimation policies. As such, the book maps and reconstructs the historically variable discursive landscape of competing articulations of what legitimacy signifies in the case of the EC/EU, and provides us with a detailed picture of the history of the Commission's struggle for legitimacy.

Metaphors for Environmental Sustainability

Author : Brendon Larson
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300151543
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaphors for Environmental Sustainability by : Brendon Larson

Download or read book Metaphors for Environmental Sustainability written by Brendon Larson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-07 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists turn to metaphors to formulate and explain scientific concepts, but an ill-considered metaphor can lead to social misunderstandings and counterproductive policies, Brendon Larson observes in this stimulating book. He explores how metaphors can entangle scientific facts with social values and warns that, particularly in the environmental realm, incautious metaphors can reinforce prevailing values that are inconsistent with desirable sustainability outcomes. "Metaphors for Environmental Sustainability" draws on four case studies--two from nineteenth-century evolutionary science, and two from contemporary biodiversity science--to reveal how metaphors may shape the possibility of sustainability. Arguing that scientists must assume greater responsibility for their metaphors, and that the rest of us must become more critically aware of them, the author urges more critical reflection on the social dimensions and implications of metaphors while offering practical suggestions for choosing among alternative scientific metaphors.

Evolutionary Restraints

Author : Mark E. Borrello
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226067025
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Restraints by : Mark E. Borrello

Download or read book Evolutionary Restraints written by Mark E. Borrello and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the evolutionary debate since Darwin has focused on the level at which natural selection occurs. Most biologists acknowledge multiple levels of selection—from the gene to the species. The debate about group selection, however, is the focus of Mark E. Borrello’s Evolutionary Restraints. Tracing the history of biological attempts to determine whether selection leads to the evolution of fitter groups, Borrello takes as his focus the British naturalist V. C. Wynne-Edwards, who proposed that animals could regulate their own populations and thus avoid overexploitation of their resources. By the mid-twentieth century, Wynne-Edwards became an advocate for group selection theory and led a debate that engaged the most significant evolutionary biologists of his time, including Ernst Mayr, G. C. Williams, and Richard Dawkins. This important dialogue bled out into broader conversations about population regulation, environmental crises, and the evolution of human social behavior. By examining a single facet in the long debate about evolution, Borrello provides powerful insight into an intellectual quandary that remains relevant and alive to this day.

Refiguring Life

Author : Evelyn Fox Keller
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231102056
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Refiguring Life by : Evelyn Fox Keller

Download or read book Refiguring Life written by Evelyn Fox Keller and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refiguring Life begins with the history of genetics and embryology, showing how discipline-based metaphors have directed scientists' search for evidence. Keller continues with an exploration of the border traffic between biology and physics, focusing on the question of life and the law of increasing entropy. In a final section she traces the impact of new metaphors, born of the computer revolution, on the course of biological research. Keller shows how these metaphors began as objects of contestation between competing visions of the life sciences, how they came to be recast and appropriated by already established research agendas, and how in the process they ultimately came to subvert those same agendas. Refiguring Life explains how the metaphors and machinery of research are not merely the products of scientific discovery but actually work together to map out the territory along which new metaphors and machines can be constructed. Through their dynamic interaction, Keller points out, they define the realm of the possible in science. Drawing on a remarkable spectrum of theoretical work ranging from Schroedinger to French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, Refiguring Life fuses issues already prominent in the humanities and social sciences with those in the physical and natural sciences, transgressing disciplinary boundaries to offer a broad view of the natural sciences as a whole. Moving gracefully from genetics to embryology, from physics to biology, from cyberscience to molecular biology, Evelyn Fox Keller demonstrates that scientific inquiry cannot pretend to stand apart from the issues and concerns of the larger society in which it exists.

Engineering Society

Author : Kerstin Brückweh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137284501
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (372 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Society by : Kerstin Brückweh

Download or read book Engineering Society written by Kerstin Brückweh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining crime by reference to abnormalities of the brain is just one example of how the human and social sciences have influenced the approach to social problems in Western societies since 1880. Focusing on applications such as penal policy, therapy, and marketing, this volume examines how these sciences have become embedded in society.

Humanity and Nature in Economic Thought

Author : Gábor Bíró
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000476960
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Humanity and Nature in Economic Thought by : Gábor Bíró

Download or read book Humanity and Nature in Economic Thought written by Gábor Bíró and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity and Nature in Economic Thought: Searching for the Organic Origins of the Economy argues that organic elements seen as incompatible with rational homo economicus have been left out of, or downplayed in, mainstream histories of economic thought. The chapters show that organic aspects (that is, aspects related to sensitive, cognitive or social human qualities) were present in the economic ideas of a wide range of important thinkers including Hume, Smith, Malthus, Mill, Marshall, Keynes, Hayek and the Polanyi brothers. Moreover, the contributors to this thought-provoking volume reveal in turn that these aspects were crucial to how these key figures thought about the economy. This stimulating collection of essays will be of interest to advanced students and scholars of the history of economic thought, economic philosophy, heterodox economics, moral philosophy and intellectual history.

Biological Complexity and Integrative Pluralism

Author : Sandra D. Mitchell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521520799
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Complexity and Integrative Pluralism by : Sandra D. Mitchell

Download or read book Biological Complexity and Integrative Pluralism written by Sandra D. Mitchell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sample Text

The Third Lens

Author : Andrew S. Reynolds
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022656343X
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis The Third Lens by : Andrew S. Reynolds

Download or read book The Third Lens written by Andrew S. Reynolds and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does science aim at providing an account of the world that is literally true or objectively true? Understanding the difference requires paying close attention to metaphor and its role in science. In The Third Lens, Andrew S. Reynolds argues that metaphors, like microscopes and other instruments, are a vital tool in the construction of scientific knowledge and explanations of how the world works. More than just rhetorical devices for conveying difficult ideas, metaphors provide the conceptual means with which scientists interpret and intervene in the world. Reynolds here investigates the role of metaphors in the creation of scientific concepts, theories, and explanations, using cell theory as his primary case study. He explores the history of key metaphors that have informed the field and the experimental, philosophical, and social circumstances under which they have emerged, risen in popularity, and in some cases faded from view. How we think of cells—as chambers, organisms, or even machines—makes a difference to scientific practice. Consequently, an accurate picture of how scientific knowledge is made requires us to understand how the metaphors scientists use—and the social values that often surreptitiously accompany them—influence our understanding of the world, and, ultimately, of ourselves. The influence of metaphor isn’t limited to how we think about cells or proteins: in some cases they can even lead to real material change in the very nature of the thing in question, as scientists use technology to alter the reality to fit the metaphor. Drawing out the implications of science’s reliance upon metaphor, The Third Lens will be of interest to anyone working in the areas of history and philosophy of science, science studies, cell and molecular biology, science education and communication, and metaphor in general.

Practising Interdisciplinarity

Author : Nico Stehr
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 9780802081391
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (813 download)

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Book Synopsis Practising Interdisciplinarity by : Nico Stehr

Download or read book Practising Interdisciplinarity written by Nico Stehr and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First-hand insights into the operations and successes of some of the world's foremost interdisciplinary research centres and the ways in which interdisciplinarity is researched, organized, and taught around the world.

The Evolutionary Foundations of Economics

Author : Kurt Dopfer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781139443234
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolutionary Foundations of Economics by : Kurt Dopfer

Download or read book The Evolutionary Foundations of Economics written by Kurt Dopfer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-05-23 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely recognised that mainstream economics has failed to translate micro consistently into macro economics and to provide endogenous explanations for the continual changes in the economic system. Since the early 1980s, a growing number of economists have been trying to provide answers to these two key questions by applying an evolutionary approach. This new departure has yielded a rich literature with enormous variety, but the unifying principles connecting the various ideas and views presented are, as yet, not apparent. This 2005 volume brings together fifteen original articles from scholars - each of whom has made a significant contribution to the field - in their common effort to reconstruct economics as an evolutionary science. Using meso economics as an analytical entity to bridge micro and macro economics as well as static and dynamic realms, a unified economic theory emerges.

Diagnosis as Cultural Practice

Author : Judith Felson Duchan
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110199807
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Diagnosis as Cultural Practice by : Judith Felson Duchan

Download or read book Diagnosis as Cultural Practice written by Judith Felson Duchan and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-02-26 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the doing and experiencing of diagnosis in everyday life. Diagnoses are revealed as interactive negotiations rather than as the assigning of diagnostic labels. The authors demonstrate, through detailed discourse analyses, how the diagnostic process depends on power and accountability as expressed through the talk of those engaged in the diagnostic process. The authors also show that diagnostic decisions are not only made by professional experts trained in the art and science of diagnosis, but they can also be made by anyone trying to figure out the nature of everyday problems. Finally, diagnostic reasoning is found to extend beyond typical diagnostic situations, occurring in unexpected places such as written letters of recommendation and talk about the nature of communication. Together, the chapters in this book demonstrate how diagnosis is a communication practice deeply rooted in our culture. The book is interdisciplinary and unusually broad in its focus. The authors come from different experiential scholarly backgrounds. Each of them takes a different look at the impact and nature of the diagnostic process. The diagnoses discussed include autism, Alzheimer’s disease, speech and language disorders, and menopause. The focus is not only on the here and now of the diagnostic interaction, but also on how diagnoses and diagnostic processes change over time. The book can serve as an undergraduate or graduate text for courses offered in various disciplines, including communication, sociology, anthropology, communication disorders, audiology, linguistics, medicine, and disability studies.