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Biological Production Of Ethanol Fom Coal Quarterly Report December 22 1991 March 21 1992
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Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol Fom Coal. [Quarterly Report], December 22, 1991--March 21, 1992 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol Fom Coal. [Quarterly Report], December 22, 1991--March 21, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research is continuing in an attempt to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio using C. ljungdahlii. The purpose of this report is to present data (acetate to ethanol) utilizing a medium prepared especially for C. ljungdahlii. Medium development studies are presented, as well as reactor studies with the new medium in batch reactors. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with cell recycle. The use of this new medium has resulted in significant improvements in cell concentration, ethanol concentration and product ratio.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], December 22, 1991--March 21, 1992 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], December 22, 1991--March 21, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research is continuing in an attempt to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio using C. ljungdahlii. The purpose of this report is to present data utilizing a medium prepared especially for C. ljungdahlii. Medium development studies are presented, as well as reactor studies with the new medium in batch reactors. CSTRs and CSTRs with cell recycle. The use of this new medium has resulted in significant improvements in cell concentration, ethanol concentration and product ratio.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], September 22, 1991--December 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], September 22, 1991--December 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research is continuing in attempting to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio (acetate to ethanol) from the C. ljungdahlii fermentation. Both batch and continuous reactors are being used for this purpose. The purpose of this report is four-fold. First, the data presented in PETC Report No. 2-4-91 (June--September, 1991) are analyzed and interpreted using normalized specific growth and production rates. This technique eliminates experimental variation due to differences in inoculum history. Secondly, the effects of the sulfur gases H2S and COS on the performance of C. ljungdahlii are presented and discussed. Although these are preliminary results, they illustrate the tolerance of the bacterium to low levels of sulfur gases. Thirdly, the results of continuous stirred tank reactor studies are presented, where cell and product concentrations are shown as a function of agitation rate and gas flow rate. Finally, additional data are presented showing the performance of C. ljungdahlii in a CSTR with cell recycle.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], September 22, 1991--December 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], September 22, 1991--December 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research is continuing in attempting to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio from the C. ljungdahlii fermentation. Both batch and continuous reactors are being used for this purpose. The purpose of this report is four-fold. First, the data presented in PETC Report No. 2-4-91 (June--September 1991) are analyzed and interpreted using normalized specific growth and production rates. This technique eliminates experimental variation due to the differences in inoculum history. Secondly, the effects of the sulfur gases H2S and COS on the performance of C. ljungdahlii are presented and discussed. Although these are preliminary results, they illustrate the tolerance of the bacterium to low levels of sulfur gases. Thirdly, the results of continuous stirred tank reactor studies are presented, where cell and product concentrations are shown as a function of agitation rate and gas flow rate. Finally, additional data are presented showing the performance of C. ljungdahlii in a CSTR with cell recycle.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], December 22, 1990--March 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], December 22, 1990--March 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previously studies have shown the importance of both medium composition and concentration and medium pH on ethanol production of Clostridium ljungdahlii in fermenting CO, CO2 and H2 in synthesis gas. Four additional batch experiments involving medium composition and concentration were carried out in modified basal medium without yeast extract at pH 4.0. These experiments indicate that basal medium with only small amounts of B-vitamins can yield significant cell growth while yielding ethanol as the major product. Product ratios as high as 11.0 g ethanol per g acetate were obtained with half strength B-vitamins. Further experiments indicates that Ca-pantothenate may be necessary for the growth of C. ljungdahlii and that growth and ethanol production can occur simultaneously.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], December 22, 1989--March 21, 1990 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], December 22, 1989--March 21, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A batch kinetic study involving Clostridium lungdahlii in a mineral medium was carried out in order to provide baseline data for the effects of nutrients on product ratio and kinetics. The use of this minimal medium containing vitamins, minerals, select amino acids and salts showed both a lower maximum specific growth rate and a lower maximum specific uptake rate than found when using a complex medium supplemented with 0.01% yeast extract. At the same time, the product ratio was improved slightly in favor of ethanol over acetate. Future experiments will measure the effects of ammonia and phosphate limitation on product ratio and process kinetics.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], June 22, 1991--September 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], June 22, 1991--September 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of temperature on the growth and uptake of CO by C. ljundahlii were studied in batch culture. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) studies were carried out measuring the effects of agitation rate on culture performance. Finally, cell recycle studies continued in conjunction with a CSTR.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], June 22, 1991--September 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], June 22, 1991--September 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of temperature on the growth and uptake of CO by C. ljundahlii were studied in batch culture. A maximum specific growth rate of 0.095h−1 was found at 37°C, a normal optimum temperature for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. A maximum specific uptake rate of 0.0095 mmol/mg·h was found at a slightly higher temperature of 40°C. CSTR studies were carried out measuring the effects of agitation rate on culture performance. As expected, growth was best at the higher agitation rates until nutrient limitation occurred.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], September 22, 1990--December 21, 1990 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], September 22, 1990--December 21, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous results have shown that the medium pH, the composition of the medium and concentration of medium constituents significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO2 and H2 in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. An additional batch study was carried out varying the agitation rate at pH 4, 4.5 and 5.0. It was speculated that increased agitation rates in combination with low pH might result in increased ethanol production while, at the same time, yielding higher cell concentrations which could eventually result in higher ethanol concentrations.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], March 22, 1990--June 21, 1990 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], March 22, 1990--June 21, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fermentation pH has been observed to be the key parameter affecting the ratio of ethanol to acetate produced by Clostridium ljungdahlii. The effects of controlled pH on cell growth and product formation by C. ljungdahlii were measured. It was found that cell concentration and acetate concentration increased with pH, while the ethanol concentration was highest at the lower pH. The molar product ratio of ethanol to acetate was 0.74 at pH 4.0, 0.39 at pH 4.5 and 0.12 at pH 5.0. Future experiments will concentrate on studying other important parameters such as agitation rate and nutrients concentrations with controlled pH as a preclude to continuous reactor studies.
Book Synopsis Transportation Biofuels by : Alwin Hoogendoorn
Download or read book Transportation Biofuels written by Alwin Hoogendoorn and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transportation industry is still largely reliant on fossil fuels, whose use and extraction have significant environmental costs. Biofuels produced from renewable resources biomass offer a more sustainable alternative. However, it is important that production methods should be energy efficient and that feedstocks should not compete with food sources. Biofuels that meet these criteria are sometimes referred to as second-generation biofuels. The new edition of this book provides updates on the three previously discussed non-conventional pathways for second-generation biofuels, including new experimental results and pilot plant studies. It also includes a completely new chapter looking at developments in combining renewable electricity with fuel production and possible future directions for the transportation industry. It is a useful read for researchers and industrialists working in biofuel development as well as postgraduate students studying fuel alternatives.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Fourth Quarterly Report], October 22, 1989--December 1989 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Fourth Quarterly Report], October 22, 1989--December 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two batch and one continuous reactor study involving Clostridium ljungdahlii were carried out. First, the effects of H2 partial pressure on growth, CO and H2 uptake and product formation by C. ljungdahlii were investigated in batch culture. Over the concentration range studied, it was observed that CO was preferentially utilized in favor of H2. It was also seen that increasing H2 partial pressures increased the ratio of ethanol to acetate. Finally, a two-stage CSTR system was successfully operated with C. ljungdahlii in which growth occurred in the first stage and ethanol production occurred in the second stage.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], June 22, 1990--September 21, 1990 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], June 22, 1990--September 21, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous results have shown that the yeast extract concentration and the medium pH significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO2 and H2 in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. Further experimentation has demonstrated the impact of eliminating yeast extract from the medium (except for the slight quantity transferred with the inoculm), especially when coupled with low pH. An ethanol to acetate product ratio of 4.0 was obtained at pH 4.5 without yeast extract present in the medium when using culture previously exposed to growth-limiting H2S. The product ratio was 2.0 at pH 4.0 (nearly three times the value of pH 4.5 and nine times the value of pH 5.0) without yeast extract present in the media when using the standard (unexposed) culture.
Book Synopsis Bench-scale Demonstration of Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas. Quarterly Report, September 24, 1992--December 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Bench-scale Demonstration of Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas. Quarterly Report, September 24, 1992--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Culture isolation and selection studies are being performed in order to select the best biological system for bench-scale studies in producing ethanol from syngas components. Three isolates have been found which produce more than 2 g/L ethanol from CO and C02/H2 in batch culture. These low concentrations are actually quite promising since Clostridium ljungdahlii, strain PETC, performs well in continuous culture but produces only small concentrations of ethanol in batch culture after several weeks of incubation. Two of the isolates have been utilized in the CSTR, where 90 percent CO conversions have been noted, while producing up to 2 g/L ethanol, in preliminary studies. CSTR studies will continue until steady state is reached. An anaerobic bacterium has been isolated from natural sources that converts the components of synthesis gas (CO, H2, C02) into ethanol. This organism, the only one known at that time to produce ethanol from synthesis gas, has been identified as a new clostridial strain and has been named Clostridium ljungdahlii, strain PETC.
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