Beyond The Parasol

Download Beyond The Parasol full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Beyond The Parasol ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Beyond the Parasol

Author : Stephen Leake
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1412029147
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Beyond the Parasol by : Stephen Leake

Download or read book Beyond the Parasol written by Stephen Leake and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poems contained within Beyond the Parasol were all written in the period between September 2003 and May 2004. Originally I didn't intend to publish them; mainly because of their autobiographical nature (particularly the ones from 'Ten Minutes Only.') However, the book quickly seemed to shape itself and I thought I'd share the collection with a wider audience. The symbols and images I use tend to harness nature, the sea and observations of everyday people. I have tried to allow each poem to live in its language, using the imagery as a starting point. The title poem opens with a series of pictures, which expand as the poem develops until it disappears into its final line: 'Beyond. Beyond the parasol'. This line sets the scene for the entire collection. Mysteriously absorbing, it reminds us that there is a lot to be discovered in the changing world beyond the four walls we may live in - or, in the case of this poem, beyond the parasol in my own East-End back garden. My hope with this book is that it will be enjoyed and understood by the reader at whatever level. Much contemporary poetry can be pretentious and superficial. I believe this is not the case with this collection. I would like to think that the reader is taken on a journey around the many different aspects of life explored here. The poems are not just full of meaning. They are being themselves.

Blameless

Author : Gail Carriger
Publisher : Orbit
ISBN 13 : 0316082562
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Blameless by : Gail Carriger

Download or read book Blameless written by Gail Carriger and published by Orbit. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quitting her husband's house and moving back in with her horrible family, Lady Maccon becomes the scandal of the London season in the third book of the NYT bestselling Parasol Protectorate series. Queen Victoria dismisses her from the Shadow Council, and the only person who can explain anything, Lord Akeldama, unexpectedly leaves town. To top it all off, Alexia is attacked by homicidal mechanical ladybugs, indicating, as only ladybugs can, the fact that all of London's vampires are now very much interested in seeing Alexia quite thoroughly dead. While Lord Maccon elects to get progressively more inebriated and Professor Lyall desperately tries to hold the Woolsey werewolf pack together, Alexia flees England for Italy in search of the mysterious Templars. Only they know enough about the preternatural to explain her increasingly inconvenient condition, but they may be worse than the vampires -- and they're armed with pesto.!--EndFragment-- BLAMELESS is the third book of the Parasol Protectorate series: a comedy of manners set in Victorian London, full of werewolves, vampires, dirigibles, and tea-drinking. The Parasol Protectorate Soulless Changeless Blameless Heartless Timeless For more from Gail Carriger, check out: The Custard Protocol Prudence ImprudenceCompetenceReticence Finishing School (YA) Etiquette & Espionage Curtsies & Conspiracies Waistcoats & Weaponry Manners & Mutiny

Vinyl Leaves

Author : Stephen M Fjellman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000010872
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Vinyl Leaves by : Stephen M Fjellman

Download or read book Vinyl Leaves written by Stephen M Fjellman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-20 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walt Disney World is a pilgrimage site filled with utopian elements, craft, and whimsy. It’s a pedestrian’s world, where the streets are clean, the employees are friendly, and the trains run on time. All of its elements are themed, presented in a consistent architectural, decorative, horticultural, musical, even olfactory tone, with rides, shows, r

Marisol the Parasol

Author : Joel Glickman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780578951744
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (517 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Marisol the Parasol by : Joel Glickman

Download or read book Marisol the Parasol written by Joel Glickman and published by . This book was released on 2021-08-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Marisol the Parasol" is a short whimsical tale told in rhyme and intended for young readers, as well as for adults to read-aloud to children. It is based in Paris and tells the story of the troubled romance between a sun umbrella (Marisol, a parasol) and a rain umbrella ("parapluie" in French), named Louie; and how their love comes to triumph in the end. Beyond the clear and straightforward attempt to entertain, the author and illustrator believe young English speaking listeners and readers may acquire from this little book some curiosity or insight about French and, by extension, foreign languages in general. (A glossary addresses the French words as well as a few in English which may not be familiar to young readers.) David "Ollie" Oliver's colorful, charming, and thoughtful illustrations evoke a little of the culture, look and style of the City of Paris in times somewhat earlier than our own. Under the surface of this tale, more serious questions and issues - such as the nature of work and of differences - might possibly provoke discussion which children, families, or teachers might find useful (not obligatory!)

Timeless

Author : Gail Carriger
Publisher : Orbit
ISBN 13 : 031619400X
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (161 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Timeless by : Gail Carriger

Download or read book Timeless written by Gail Carriger and published by Orbit. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexia Tarabotti, Lady Maccon, has settled into domestic bliss. Of course, being Alexia, such bliss involves integrating werewolves into London High society, living in a vampire's second best closet, and coping with a precocious toddler who is prone to turning supernatural willy-nilly. Until, that is, she receives a summons that cannot be ignored. With husband, child, and Tunstells in tow, Alexia boards a steamer to cross the Mediterranean. But Egypt may hold more mysteries than even the indomitable Lady Maccon can handle. What does the vampire Queen of the Alexandria Hive really want from her? Why is the God-Breaker Plague suddenly expanding? And how has Ivy Tunstell suddenly become the most popular actress in all the British Empire? Timeless is the final book of the Parasol Protectorate series: a comedy of manners set in Victorian London, full of werewolves, vampires, dirigibles, and tea-drinking.

Beyond Vulnerable

Author : Stephen Buckley
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 154629645X
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (462 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Beyond Vulnerable by : Stephen Buckley

Download or read book Beyond Vulnerable written by Stephen Buckley and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2018-08-10 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: British tourists Kyle and Elise find themselves short of money during their road trip to the USA. Left with no option but to cut short their traveling, on their last night in Fort Lauderdale, they stumble upon Daniel Reed, a good-looking entrepreneur who seems to live the perfect life in Miami. Desperate to stay in Florida, Daniel offers them a job opportunity in the drugs trade, But after the sudden departure from his close friend and confidante, Lydia, and taking a dislike to Elise, Daniel finds joy in breaking up the turbulent relationship between the two tourists. Completely unaware of his declining mental health state, and unable to end his heroin addiction, Kyle and Elise devise a plan to befriend Daniel, con money from him and bring about his downfall. With Elise out of the picture, Kyle and Daniel embark upon an unlikely friendship. After the revelations about the identity of Daniels house mate, Richard, they pay a disastrous visit to Manchester where a hostile reception awaits. Paranoid that everyone, including the FBI, is out to get him, they go into hiding in the Caribbean, where once again, paranoia takes control of Daniels psyche. They return to Florida desperately seeking solitude and isolation. As the psychosis and drug dependency spirals out of control, Daniel remains unsure about Kyles real intentions, feeling he is hell bent on destroying his already fragile mind. Could Edgar, a sinister elderly character with an uncanny familiarity and host of knowledge, hold the key to Daniels serenity?

AMELIA BUTTERWORTH - Complete Mystery Series

Author : Anna Katharine Green
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis AMELIA BUTTERWORTH - Complete Mystery Series by : Anna Katharine Green

Download or read book AMELIA BUTTERWORTH - Complete Mystery Series written by Anna Katharine Green and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-11-29 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anna Katharine Green's AMELIA BUTTERWORTH - Complete Mystery Series is a collection of gripping detective stories that captivate readers with their intricate plots, well-developed characters, and suspenseful twists. Set in the late 19th century, Green's literary style reflects the emerging genre of detective fiction, with a focus on deduction and clever sleuthing. The series follows the adventures of the sharp-witted and resourceful Amelia Butterworth as she solves a variety of puzzling mysteries. Green's attention to detail and skillful storytelling keep readers engaged from beginning to end. The series is a must-read for fans of classic mysteries and detective fiction. Anna Katharine Green, often referred to as the 'Mother of Detective Fiction', was a trailblazer in the genre and paved the way for future mystery writers. Her keen observation skills and storytelling prowess are evident in every story she crafted, making her a prominent figure in the world of literature. Her ability to create complex mysteries and compelling characters set her apart as one of the greatest mystery writers of her time. AMELIA BUTTERWORTH - Complete Mystery Series is a timeless collection that continues to enchant readers with its clever plots and unforgettable characters. Fans of mystery fiction and classic detective stories will appreciate Green's contributions to the genre and enjoy immersing themselves in the world of Amelia Butterworth.

Heartless

Author : Marissa Meyer
Publisher : Feiwel & Friends
ISBN 13 : 1250080274
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Heartless by : Marissa Meyer

Download or read book Heartless written by Marissa Meyer and published by Feiwel & Friends. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Marissa Meyer, the #1 New York Times–bestselling story of Wonderland's most notorious villain: the Queen of Hearts. Long before she was the terror of Wonderland, she was just a girl who wanted to fall in love. Catherine may be one of the most desired girls in Wonderland, and a favorite of the unmarried King of Hearts, but her interests lie elsewhere. A talented baker, all she wants is to open a shop with her best friend. But according to her mother, such a goal is unthinkable for the young woman who could be the next queen. Then Cath meets Jest, the handsome and mysterious court joker. For the first time, she feels the pull of true attraction. At the risk of offending the king and infuriating her parents, she and Jest enter into an intense, secret courtship. Cath is determined to define her own destiny and fall in love on her terms. But in a land thriving with magic, madness, and monsters, fate has other plans. In Heartless, her first stand-alone teen novel, the New York Times-bestselling author dazzles us with a prequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

The Revolution Beyond Time

Author : Scott Kinkade
Publisher : Author Scott Kinkade
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Revolution Beyond Time by : Scott Kinkade

Download or read book The Revolution Beyond Time written by Scott Kinkade and published by Author Scott Kinkade. This book was released on 2013-12-23 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nelly Flowers has the same problems as any twelve-year-old. Homework; the anxiety that goes with moving to a new place; finishing her food; being kidnapped and dropped out of a self-destructing aeroship; being kidnapped again and taken to a secret prison underneath Death Valley where a shape-shifting madman plots the enslavement of the human race. Yeah, typical kid stuff. And if Nelly and her new friends can't outwit another Gnostagar invasion force, humanity will be grounded... forever.

Umbrellas and Their History

Author : William Sangster
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Umbrellas and Their History by : William Sangster

Download or read book Umbrellas and Their History written by William Sangster and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2019-11-25 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In William Sangster's 'Umbrellas and their History', readers will discover the fascinating and forgotten story of the essential and ubiquitous umbrella. From its introduction as a luxury only available to the few to becoming a necessity for everyone, Sangster explores the history of this unassuming invention that has helped to increase the average human lifespan and protect against diseases caused by exposure to rain. Through witty observations and historical anecdotes, Sangster provides an entertaining and informative account of the umbrella's evolution, from its early prototypes to its present-day ubiquity.

Christmas Murder Mystery Boxed-Set

Author : Charles Dickens
Publisher : DigiCat
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9591 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Christmas Murder Mystery Boxed-Set by : Charles Dickens

Download or read book Christmas Murder Mystery Boxed-Set written by Charles Dickens and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2023-11-13 with total page 9591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DigiCat offers to you a collection of the greatest mystery cases for Christmas and winter holidays: Agatha Christie: The Mysterious Affair at Styles The Murder on the Links The Kidnapped Prime Minister The Million Dollar Bond Robbery The Secret Adversary R. Austin Freeman: Dr. Thorndyke's Cases The Adventures of Dr. Thorndyke Dr. Thorndyke's Casebook Arthur Conan Doyle: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes A Study in Scarlet The Sign of Four The Hound of the Baskervilles The Valley of Fear A. E. W. Mason: At the Villa Rose The Affair at the Semiramis Hotel Mary Roberts Rinehart: The Circular Staircase The Amazing Adventures of Letitia Carberry Tish – The Chronicle of Her Escapades and Excursions More Tish Edgar Allan Poe: The Murders in the Rue Morgue The Mystery of Marie Rogêt The Purloined Letter Charles Dickens: Hunted Down Wilkie Collins: The Moonstone The Woman in White The Haunted Hotel Robert Barr: The Triumph of Eugéne Valmont Jennie Baxter, Journalist The Adventures of Sherlaw Kombs The Adventure of the Second Swag E. W. Hornung: The Amateur Cracksman The Black Mask; or, Raffles: Further Adventures A Thief in the Night Mr. Justice Raffles John Kendrick Bangs: Mrs. Raffles R. Holmes & Co Melville Davisson Post: The Sleuth of St. James's Square Edgar Wallace: The Four Just Men The Clue of the Twisted Candle Victor L. Whitechurch: The Canon in Residence Anna Katharine Green: The Leavenworth Case A Strange Disappearance The Mystery of the Hasty Arrow That Affair Next Door Lost Man's Lane The Circular Study G. K. Chesterton: The Innocence of Father Brown The Wisdom of Father Brown The Donnington Affair Ellis Parker Butler: Philo Gubb Correspondence-School Detective Maurice Leblanc: Arsene Lupin The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsene Lupin Mabel & Paul Thorne: The Sheridan Road Mystery Marion Harvey: The Mystery of the Hidden Room Grace Livingston Hill: The Mystery of Mary

DETECTIVE MYSTERIES Premium Collection: 48 Thriller Novels & Detective Tales in One Volume

Author : Anna Katharine Green
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5133 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis DETECTIVE MYSTERIES Premium Collection: 48 Thriller Novels & Detective Tales in One Volume by : Anna Katharine Green

Download or read book DETECTIVE MYSTERIES Premium Collection: 48 Thriller Novels & Detective Tales in One Volume written by Anna Katharine Green and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2024-01-13 with total page 5133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anna Katharine Green's 'DETECTIVE MYSTERIES Premium Collection: 48 Thriller Novels & Detective Tales in One Volume' is a captivating compilation of literary works that exemplify the detective fiction genre. Green's intricate plots, cleverly devised mysteries, and sharp attention to detail set her apart as a pioneering figure in the realm of detective fiction. Through her skillful storytelling, Green immerses readers in a world of suspense, intrigue, and intellectual challenge, making this collection a must-read for fans of the genre. With a focus on logic and deduction, Green's writing invites readers to engage in the process of solving crimes alongside her brilliant detectives. Her use of suspense, red herrings, and unexpected plot twists keeps readers on the edge of their seats until the very last page. Anna Katharine Green's background in law and her keen interest in detective work undoubtedly influenced the creation of this collection. Her meticulous research and attention to detail shine through in each story, demonstrating her commitment to authenticity and accuracy in portraying the world of criminal investigation. Fans of classic detective fiction will greatly appreciate Green's contributions to the genre and the timeless appeal of her works. 'DETECTIVE MYSTERIES Premium Collection' is a testament to Green's lasting legacy as a master of the mystery genre, and its diverse selection of stories ensures that readers will be thoroughly entertained and captivated from beginning to end.

Manual

Author : James Napoleon McElligott
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Manual by : James Napoleon McElligott

Download or read book Manual written by James Napoleon McElligott and published by . This book was released on 1859 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Mysteries for Holiday Feels

Author : Edgar Allan Poe
Publisher : e-artnow
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7555 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Mysteries for Holiday Feels by : Edgar Allan Poe

Download or read book The Mysteries for Holiday Feels written by Edgar Allan Poe and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 7555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: e-artnow presents to you a collection of the greatest mystery cases and puzzles for you to solve and relax with: R. Austin Freeman: Dr. Thorndyke's Cases The Adventures of Dr. Thorndyke Dr. Thorndyke's Casebook Arthur Conan Doyle: A Study in Scarlet The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes A. E. W. Mason: At the Villa Rose The Affair at the Semiramis Hotel Mary Roberts Rinehart: The Circular Staircase The Amazing Adventures of Letitia Carberry Tish – The Chronicle of Her Escapades and Excursions More Tish Edgar Allan Poe: The Murders in the Rue Morgue The Mystery of Marie Rogêt The Purloined Letter Charles Dickens: Hunted Down Wilkie Collins: The Moonstone The Woman in White The Haunted Hotel Robert Barr: The Triumph of Eugéne Valmont Jennie Baxter, Journalist The Adventures of Sherlaw Kombs The Adventure of the Second Swag E. W. Hornung: The Amateur Cracksman The Black Mask; or, Raffles: Further Adventures A Thief in the Night Mr. Justice Raffles John Kendrick Bangs: Mrs. Raffles R. Holmes & Co Melville Davisson Post: The Sleuth of St. James's Square Edgar Wallace: The Four Just Men The Clue of the Twisted Candle Victor L. Whitechurch: The Canon in Residence Anna Katharine Green: The Leavenworth Case A Strange Disappearance The Mystery of the Hasty Arrow That Affair Next Door Lost Man's Lane The Circular Study G. K. Chesterton: The Innocence of Father Brown The Wisdom of Father Brown The Donnington Affair Ellis Parker Butler: Philo Gubb Correspondence-School Detective Maurice Leblanc: Arsene Lupin The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsene Lupin Agatha Christie: The Mysterious Affair at Styles The Murder on the Links The Kidnapped Prime Minister The Million Dollar Bond Robbery The Secret Adversary

Prudence

Author : Gail Carriger
Publisher : Orbit
ISBN 13 : 0316212237
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (162 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Prudence by : Gail Carriger

Download or read book Prudence written by Gail Carriger and published by Orbit. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From NYT bestselling author Gail Carriger comes a witty adventure about a young woman with rare supernatural abilities travels to India for a spot of tea and adventure and finds she's bitten off more than she can chew. When Prudence Alessandra Maccon Akeldama ("Rue" to her friends) is bequeathed an unexpected dirigible, she does what any sensible female under similar circumstances would do -- she christens it the Spotted Custard and floats off to India. Soon, she stumbles upon a plot involving local dissidents, a kidnapped brigadier's wife, and some awfully familiar Scottish werewolves. Faced with a dire crisis (and an embarrassing lack of bloomers), Rue must rely on her good breeding -- and her metanatural abilities -- to get to the bottom of it all. . .

Welfare and Medicaid Reform

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Welfare and Medicaid Reform by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance

Download or read book Welfare and Medicaid Reform written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Murder Under The Mistletoe - Ultimate Christmas Murder Mystery Collection

Author : Charles Dickens
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9594 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Murder Under The Mistletoe - Ultimate Christmas Murder Mystery Collection by : Charles Dickens

Download or read book Murder Under The Mistletoe - Ultimate Christmas Murder Mystery Collection written by Charles Dickens and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-12-15 with total page 9594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Murder Under The Mistletoe - Ultimate Christmas Murder Mystery Collection weaves a chilling tapestry of mystery and intrigue against the festive backdrop of the holiday season. This anthology amalgamates a dazzling array of literary styles, from the methodical deductions of the archetypal detective to the suspenseful ambiance of psychological thrillers. Reflecting the rich literary context of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, each story within this collection, helmed by iconic figures like Charles Dickens and Arthur Conan Doyle, thrives on the diverse interpretations of the yuletide spirit intermingled with dark and often profound narratives. The selected works stand as a testament to the versatility and depth of the murder mystery genre, exploring themes of guilt, redemption, and the human propensity for moral ambiguity under the veil of holiday cheer. The contributing authors and editors, hailing from various cultural and literary backgrounds, bring a wealth of experience and innovation to the anthology. Their collective works, embedded in historical, cultural, and literary movements ranging from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction to the intricate plot twists of Gothic mysteries, offer a panoramic view of changing societal norms and the unending quest for justice amidst chaos. Authors such as Agatha Christie and Edgar Allan Poe, among others, contributed foundational texts that have shaped the contours of crime and detective literature. This collection acts as a crucible, melding these diverse voices into a singularly gripping narrative on crime, set against the contrasting innocence of Christmas. Murder Under The Mistletoe is a compelling invitation to readers seeking to explore the shadows cast by the festive lights through the lens of master storytellers. For those fascinated by the interplay between societal festivity and the darker aspects of human nature, this anthology promises a journey through varied landscapes of suspense, framed by the universal theme of holiday gatherings. Beyond its entertainment value, the collection offers invaluable insights into the evolution of the murder mystery genre and encourages a dialogic engagement with the works of some of its greatest practitioners. It is an essential volume for readers desiring not just a tale of mystery and suspense but a richer understanding of the cultural and literary forces that shape these narratives.