Behavior Dependent Contexts For Repeated Plays Of The Prisones Dilemma Ii

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The Evolution of Cooperation

Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0786734884
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Cooperation by : Robert Axelrod

Download or read book The Evolution of Cooperation written by Robert Axelrod and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.

The Maladapted Mind

Author : Simon Baron-Cohen
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134836295
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis The Maladapted Mind by : Simon Baron-Cohen

Download or read book The Maladapted Mind written by Simon Baron-Cohen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newly available in paperback, this is the first book to bring together classic and contemporary readings illustrating the new subdiscipline, evolutionary psychopathology. Each chapter demonstrates how evolutionary arguments are being brought to bear on the study of a different psychiatric condition or pathalogical behaviour. The Maladapted Mind is aimed primarily at primarily at advanced students and researchers in the fields of psychiatry, abnormal psychology, biological anthropology, evolutionary biology and cognitive science.

Game Theory and Animal Behavior

Author : Lee Alan Dugatkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195350200
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Game Theory and Animal Behavior by : Lee Alan Dugatkin

Download or read book Game Theory and Animal Behavior written by Lee Alan Dugatkin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-23 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Game theory has revolutionized the study of animal behavior. The fundamental principle of evolutionary game theory--that the strategy adopted by one individual depends on the strategies exhibited by others--has proven a powerful tool in uncovering the forces shaping otherwise mysterious behaviors. In this volume, the first since 1982 devoted to evolutionary game theory, leading researchers describe applications of the theory to diverse types of behavior, providing an overview of recent discoveries and a synthesis of current research. The volume begins with a clear introduction to game theory and its explanatory scope. This is followed by a series of chapters on the use of game theory to understand a range of behaviors: social foraging, cooperation, animal contests, communication, reproductive skew and nepotism within groups, sibling rivalry, alternative life-histories, habitat selection, trophic-level interactions, learning, and human social behavior. In addition, the volume includes a discussion of the relations among game theory, optimality, and quantitative genetics, and an assessment of the overall utility of game theory to the study of social behavior. Presented in a manner accessible to anyone interested in animal behavior but not necessarily trained in the mathematics of game theory, the book is intended for a wide audience of undergraduates, graduate students, and professional biologists pursuing the evolutionary analysis of animal behavior.

Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution

Author : Peter Danielson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195352270
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution by : Peter Danielson

Download or read book Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution written by Peter Danielson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection focuses on questions that arise when morality is considered from the perspective of recent work on rational choice and evolution. Linking questions like "Is it rational to be moral?" to the evolution of cooperation in "The Prisoners Dilemma," the book brings together new work using models from game theory, evolutionary biology, and cognitive science, as well as from philosophical analysis. Among the contributors are leading figures in these fields, including David Gauthier, Paul M. Churchland, Brian Skyrms, Ronald de Sousa, and Elliot Sober.

Rationality, Rules, and Structure

Author : Julian Nida-Rümelin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401596166
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality, Rules, and Structure by : Julian Nida-Rümelin

Download or read book Rationality, Rules, and Structure written by Julian Nida-Rümelin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is an obvious fact that human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort. Contributors include distinguished researchers in their respective fields and the book thus presents state-of-the-art theory. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced philosophy, economics and social science classes.

The Origin and Evolution of Cultures

Author : Robert Boyd
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195347447
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin and Evolution of Cultures by : Robert Boyd

Download or read book The Origin and Evolution of Cultures written by Robert Boyd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxford presents, in one convenient and coherently organized volume, 20 influential but until now relatively inaccessible articles that form the backbone of Boyd and Richerson's path-breaking work on evolution and culture. Their interdisciplinary research is based on two notions. First, that culture is crucial for understanding human behavior; unlike other organisms, socially transmitted beliefs, attitudes, and values heavily influence our behavior. Secondly, culture is part of biology: the capacity to acquire and transmit culture is a derived component of human psychology, and the contents of culture are deeply intertwined with our biology. Culture then is a pool of information, stored in the brains of the population that gets transmitted from one brain to another by social learning processes. Therefore, culture can account for both our outstanding ecological success as well as the maladaptations that characterize much of human behavior. The interest in this collection will span anthropology, psychology, economics, philosophy, and political science.

The Origin and Evolution of Cultures

Author : Los Angeles Robert Boyd Professor of Anthropology University of California
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780198040088
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin and Evolution of Cultures by : Los Angeles Robert Boyd Professor of Anthropology University of California

Download or read book The Origin and Evolution of Cultures written by Los Angeles Robert Boyd Professor of Anthropology University of California and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004-12-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxford presents, in one convenient and coherently organized volume, 20 influential but until now relatively inaccessible articles that form the backbone of Boyd and Richerson's path-breaking work on evolution and culture. Their interdisciplinary research is based on two notions. First, that culture is crucial for understanding human behavior; unlike other organisms, socially transmitted beliefs, attitudes, and values heavily influence our behavior. Secondly, culture is part of biology: the capacity to acquire and transmit culture is a derived component of human psychology, and the contents of culture are deeply intertwined with our biology. Culture then is a pool of information, stored in the brains of the population that gets transmitted from one brain to another by social learning processes. Therefore, culture can account for both our outstanding ecological success as well as the maladaptations that characterize much of human behavior. The interest in this collection will span anthropology, psychology, economics, philosophy, and political science.

Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation

Author : Marco Villani
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031574303
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation by : Marco Villani

Download or read book Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation written by Marco Villani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social Dynamics

Author : Brian Skyrms
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191017965
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Dynamics by : Brian Skyrms

Download or read book Social Dynamics written by Brian Skyrms and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brian Skyrms presents eighteen essays which apply adaptive dynamics (of cultural evolution and individual learning) to social theory. Altruism, spite, fairness, trust, division of labor, and signaling are treated from this perspective. Correlation is seen to be of fundamental importance. Interactions with neighbors in space, on static networks, and on co-evolving dynamics networks are investigated. Spontaneous emergence of social structure and of signaling systems are examined in the context of learning dynamics.

Cooperation Among Animals

Author : Lee Alan Dugatkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195086228
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Cooperation Among Animals by : Lee Alan Dugatkin

Download or read book Cooperation Among Animals written by Lee Alan Dugatkin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the depiction of nature "red in tooth and claw," cooperation is actually widespread in the animal kingdom. Various types of cooperative behaviors have been documented in everything from insects to primates, and in every imaginable ecological scenario. Yet why animals cooperate is still a hotly contested question in literature on evolution and animal behavior. This book examines the history surrounding the study of cooperation, and proceeds to examine the conceptual, theoretical and empirical work on this fascinating subject. Early on, it outlines the four different categories of cooperation -- reciprocal altruism, kinship, group-selected cooperation and byproduct mutualism -- and ties these categories together in a single framework called the Cooperator's Dilemma. Hundreds of studies on cooperation in insects, fish, birds and mammals are reviewed. Cooperation in this wide array of taxa includes, but is not limited to, cooperative hunting, anti-predator behavior, foraging, sexual coalitions, grooming, helpers-at-the nest, territoriality, 'policing' behavior and group thermoregulation. Each example outlined is tied back to the theoretical framework developed early on, whenever the data allows. Future experiments designed to further elucidate a particular type of cooperation are provided throughout the book.

Social Foraging Theory

Author : Luc-Alain Giraldeau
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691188343
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Foraging Theory by : Luc-Alain Giraldeau

Download or read book Social Foraging Theory written by Luc-Alain Giraldeau and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is extensive literature in the field of behavioral ecology that attempts to explain foraging of individuals, social foraging--the ways in which animals search and compete for food in groups--has been relatively neglected. This book redresses that situation by providing both a synthesis of the existing literature and a new theory of social foraging. Giraldeau and Caraco develop models informed by game theory that offer a new framework for analysis. Social Foraging Theory contains the most comprehensive theoretical approach to its subject, coupled with quantitative methods that will underpin future work in the field. The new models and approaches that are outlined here will encourage new research directions and applications. To date, the analysis of social foraging has lacked unifying themes, clear recognition of the problems inherent in the study of social foraging, and consistent interaction between theory and experiments. This book identifies social foraging as an economic interaction between the actions of individuals and those of other foragers. This interdependence raises complex questions about the size of foraging groups, the diversity of resources used, and the propensity of group members to exploit each other or forage cooperatively. The models developed in the book will allow researchers to test their own approaches and predictions. Many years in development, Social Foraging Theory will interest researchers and graduate students in such areas as behavioral ecology, population ecology, evolutionary biology, and wildlife management.

Evolution of the Social Contract

Author : Brian Skyrms
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107077281
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of the Social Contract by : Brian Skyrms

Download or read book Evolution of the Social Contract written by Brian Skyrms and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition further develops the application of evolutionary game theory to an analysis of the origins of social contracts.

Cumulated Index Medicus

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1412 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Cumulated Index Medicus by :

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Methods of Social Research, 4th Edition

Author : Kenneth Bailey
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439118892
Total Pages : 869 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods of Social Research, 4th Edition by : Kenneth Bailey

Download or read book Methods of Social Research, 4th Edition written by Kenneth Bailey and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction for undergraduates to every stage of sociological research, showing how to deal effectively with typical problems they might encounter. The book is fully updated to include examples from the LA riots and the 1992 presidential elections.

Chaos and Society

Author : A. Albert
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9789051992144
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (921 download)

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Book Synopsis Chaos and Society by : A. Albert

Download or read book Chaos and Society written by A. Albert and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication reflects on the discussion on using chaos theory for the study of society. It explores the interface between chaos theory and the social sciences. A broad variety of fields (including Sociology, Anthropology, Economics, Political Science, Management, Philosophy and Cognitive Sciences) is represented in the book. The leading themes are: Conceptual and Methodological Issues, Social Connectionism and the Connectionist Mind, Social Institutions and Public Policy, and Social Simulations. The book includes the following topics: the relevance of the complexity-chaos paradigm for analyzing social systems, the usefulness of nonlinear dynamics for studying the formation and sustainability of social groups, the comparison between spontaneous social orders and spontaneous biological/natural orders, the building of Artificial Societies, and the contribution of the chaos paradigm to a better understanding and formulation of public policies.

Methods of Social Research

Author : Kenneth D. Bailey
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0029012791
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods of Social Research by : Kenneth D. Bailey

Download or read book Methods of Social Research written by Kenneth D. Bailey and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1994 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction for undergraduates to every stage of sociological research, showing how to deal effectively with typical problems they might encounter. The book is fully updated to include examples from the LA riots and the 1992 presidential elections.

Keywords in Evolutionary Biology

Author : Evelyn Fox Keller
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674503137
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Keywords in Evolutionary Biology by : Evelyn Fox Keller

Download or read book Keywords in Evolutionary Biology written by Evelyn Fox Keller and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In science, more than elsewhere, a word is expected to mean what it says, nothing more, nothing less. But scientific discourse is neither different nor separable from ordinary language--meanings are multiple, ambiguities ubiquitous. Keywords in Evolutionary Biology grapples with this problem in a field especially prone to the confusion engendered by semantic imprecision. Written by historians, philosophers, and biologists--including, among others, Stephen Jay Gould, Diane Paul, John Beatty, Robert Richards, Richard Lewontin, David Sloan Wilson, Peter Bowler, and Richard Dawkins--these essays identify and explicate those terms in evolutionary biology which, though commonly used, are plagues by multiple concurrent and historically varying meanings. By clarifying these terms in their many guises, the editors Evelyn Fox Keller and Elisabeth Lloyd hope to focus attention on major scholarly problems in the field--problems sometimes obscured, sometimes reveals, and sometimes even created by the use of such equivocal words. "Competition," "adaptation," and "fitness," for instance, are among the terms whose multiple meaning have led to more than merely semantic debates in evolutionary biology. Exploring the complexity of keywords and clarifying their role in prominent issues in the field, this book will prove invaluable to scientists and philosophers trying to come to terms with evolutionary theory; it will also serve as a useful guide to future research into the way in which scientific language works.