Battery Technology For Electric Vehicles

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Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles

Author : Albert N. Link
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317608682
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles by : Albert N. Link

Download or read book Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles written by Albert N. Link and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric drive vehicles (EDVs) are seen on American roads in increasing numbers. Related to this market trend and critical for it to increase are improvements in battery technology. Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles examines in detail at the research support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the development of nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EDVs. With public support comes accountability of the social outcomes associated with public investments. The book overviews DOE investments in advanced battery technology, documents the adoption of these batteries in EDVs on the road, and calculates the economic benefits associated with these improved technologies. It provides a detailed global evaluation of the net social benefits associated with DOEs investments, the results of the benefit-to-cost ratio of over 3.6-to-1, and the life-cycle approach that allows adopted EDVs to remain on the road over their expected future life, thus generating economic and environmental health benefits into the future.

Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles

Author : Bruno Scrosati
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782423982
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (824 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles by : Bruno Scrosati

Download or read book Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles written by Bruno Scrosati and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-25 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles provides an in-depth look into the research being conducted on the development of more efficient batteries capable of long distance travel. The text contains an introductory section on the market for battery and hybrid electric vehicles, then thoroughly presents the latest on lithium-ion battery technology. Readers will find sections on battery pack design and management, a discussion of the infrastructure required for the creation of a battery powered transport network, and coverage of the issues involved with end-of-life management for these types of batteries. Provides an in-depth look into new research on the development of more efficient, long distance travel batteries Contains an introductory section on the market for battery and hybrid electric vehicles Discusses battery pack design and management and the issues involved with end-of-life management for these types of batteries

Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles

Author : Rui Xiong
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119481643
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles by : Rui Xiong

Download or read book Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles written by Rui Xiong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive examination of advanced battery management technologies and practices in modern electric vehicles Policies surrounding energy sustainability and environmental impact have become of increasing interest to governments, industries, and the general public worldwide. Policies embracing strategies that reduce fossil fuel dependency and greenhouse gas emissions have driven the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), pure electric vehicles (PEVs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs). Battery management systems (BMSs) are crucial components of such vehicles, protecting a battery system from operating outside its Safe Operating Area (SOA), monitoring its working conditions, calculating and reporting its states, and charging and balancing the battery system. Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles is a compilation of contemporary model-based state estimation methods and battery charging and balancing techniques, providing readers with practical knowledge of both fundamental concepts and practical applications. This timely and highly-relevant text covers essential areas such as battery modeling and battery state of charge, energy, health and power estimation methods. Clear and accurate background information, relevant case studies, chapter summaries, and reference citations help readers to fully comprehend each topic in a practical context. Offers up-to-date coverage of modern battery management technology and practice Provides case studies of real-world engineering applications Guides readers from electric vehicle fundamentals to advanced battery management topics Includes chapter introductions and summaries, case studies, and color charts, graphs, and illustrations Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate coursework, Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles is equally valuable as a reference for professional researchers and engineers.

Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Author : Gianfranco Pistoia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319699504
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles by : Gianfranco Pistoia

Download or read book Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles written by Gianfranco Pistoia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-10 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book surveys state-of-the-art research on and developments in lithium-ion batteries for hybrid and electric vehicles. It summarizes their features in terms of performance, cost, service life, management, charging facilities, and safety. Vehicle electrification is now commonly accepted as a means of reducing fossil-fuels consumption and air pollution. At present, every electric vehicle on the road is powered by a lithium-ion battery. Currently, batteries based on lithium-ion technology are ranked first in terms of performance, reliability and safety. Though other systems, e.g., metal-air, lithium-sulphur, solid state, and aluminium-ion, are now being investigated, the lithium-ion system is likely to dominate for at least the next decade – which is why several manufacturers, e.g., Toyota, Nissan and Tesla, are chiefly focusing on this technology. Providing comprehensive information on lithium-ion batteries, the book includes contributions by the world’s leading experts on Li-ion batteries and vehicles.

Electric Vehicle Battery Systems

Author : Sandeep Dhameja
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080488765
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Vehicle Battery Systems by : Sandeep Dhameja

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Battery Systems written by Sandeep Dhameja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-30 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Vehicle Battery Systems provides operational theory and design guidance for engineers and technicians working to design and develop efficient electric vehicle (EV) power sources. As Zero Emission Vehicles become a requirement in more areas of the world, the technology required to design and maintain their complex battery systems is needed not only by the vehicle designers, but by those who will provide recharging and maintenance services, as well as utility infrastructure providers. Includes fuel cell and hybrid vehicle applications. Written with cost and efficiency foremost in mind, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems offers essential details on failure mode analysis of VRLA, NiMH battery systems, the fast-charging of electric vehicle battery systems based on Pb-acid, NiMH, Li-ion technologies, and much more. Key coverage includes issues that can affect electric vehicle performance, such as total battery capacity, battery charging and discharging, and battery temperature constraints. The author also explores electric vehicle performance, battery testing (15 core performance tests provided), lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells and hybrid vehicles. In order to make a practical electric vehicle, a thorough understanding of the operation of a set of batteries in a pack is necessary. Expertly written and researched, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems will prove invaluable to automotive engineers, electronics and integrated circuit design engineers, and anyone whose interests involve electric vehicles and battery systems. * Addresses cost and efficiency as key elements in the design process * Provides comprehensive coverage of the theory, operation, and configuration of complex battery systems, including Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion technologies * Provides comprehensive coverage of the theory, operation, and configuration of complex battery systems, including Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion technologies

Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Author : Helena Berg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316368637
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Batteries for Electric Vehicles by : Helena Berg

Download or read book Batteries for Electric Vehicles written by Helena Berg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fundamental guide teaches readers the basics of battery design for electric vehicles. Working through this book, you will understand how to optimise battery performance and functionality, whilst minimising costs and maximising durability. Beginning with the basic concepts of electrochemistry, the book moves on to describe implementation, control and management of batteries in real vehicles, with respect to the battery materials. It describes how to select cells and batteries with explanations of the advantages and disadvantages of different battery chemistries, enabling readers to put their knowledge into practice and make informed and successful design decisions, with a thorough understanding of the trade-offs involved. The first of its kind, and written by an industry expert with experience in academia, this is an ideal resource for both students and researchers in the fields of battery research and development as well as for professionals in the automotive industry extending their interest towards electric vehicles.

Electric Vehicle Technology Explained

Author : James Larminie
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111994273X
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Vehicle Technology Explained by : James Larminie

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Technology Explained written by James Larminie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated throughout, Electric Vehicle Technology, Second Edition, is a complete guide to the principles, design and applications of electric vehicle technology. Including all the latest advances, it presents clear and comprehensive coverage of the major aspects of electric vehicle development and offers an engineering-based evaluation of electric motor scooters, cars, buses and trains. This new edition includes: important new chapters on types of electric vehicles, including pickup and linear motors, overall efficiencies and energy consumption, and power generation, particularly for zero carbon emissions expanded chapters updating the latest types of EV, types of batteries, battery technology and other rechargeable devices, fuel cells, hydrogen supply, controllers, EV modeling, ancillary system design, and EV and the environment brand new practical examples and case studies illustrating how electric vehicles can be used to substantially reduce carbon emissions and cut down reliance on fossil fuels futuristic concept models, electric and high-speed trains and developments in magnetic levitation and linear motors an examination of EV efficiencies, energy consumption and sustainable power generation. MATLAB® examples can be found on the companion website www.wiley.com/go/electricvehicle2e Explaining the underpinning science and technology, this book is essential for practicing electrical, automotive, power, control and instrumentation engineers working in EV research and development. It is also a valuable reference for academics and students in automotive, mechanical, power and electrical engineering.

Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles

Author : Albert N. Link
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317608690
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles by : Albert N. Link

Download or read book Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles written by Albert N. Link and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric drive vehicles (EDVs) are seen on American roads in increasing numbers. Related to this market trend and critical for it to increase are improvements in battery technology. Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles examines in detail at the research support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the development of nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EDVs. With public support comes accountability of the social outcomes associated with public investments. The book overviews DOE investments in advanced battery technology, documents the adoption of these batteries in EDVs on the road, and calculates the economic benefits associated with these improved technologies. It provides a detailed global evaluation of the net social benefits associated with DOEs investments, the results of the benefit-to-cost ratio of over 3.6-to-1, and the life-cycle approach that allows adopted EDVs to remain on the road over their expected future life, thus generating economic and environmental health benefits into the future.

Electric Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges

Author : Tariq Muneer
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128030402
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges by : Tariq Muneer

Download or read book Electric Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges written by Tariq Muneer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges looks at recent design methodologies and technological advancements in electric vehicles and the integration of electric vehicles in the smart grid environment, comprehensively covering the fundamentals, theory and design, recent developments and technical issues involved with electric vehicles. Considering the prospects, challenges and policy status of specific regions and vehicle deployment, the global case study references make this book useful for academics and researchers in all engineering and sustainable transport areas. Presents a systematic and integrated reference on the essentials of theory and design of electric vehicle technologies Provides a comprehensive look at the research and development involved in the use of electric vehicle technologies Includes global case studies from leading EV regions, including Nordic and European countries China and India

Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems

Author : Ibrahim Dinçer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118900243
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems by : Ibrahim Dinçer

Download or read book Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems written by Ibrahim Dinçer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems provides a thorough examination of various conventional and cutting edge electric vehicle (EV) battery thermal management systems (including phase change material) that are currently used in the industry as well as being proposed for future EV batteries. It covers how to select the right thermal management design, configuration and parameters for the users’ battery chemistry, applications and operating conditions, and provides guidance on the setup, instrumentation and operation of their thermal management systems (TMS) in the most efficient and effective manner. This book provides the reader with the necessary information to develop a capable battery TMS that can keep the cells operating within the ideal operating temperature ranges and uniformities, while minimizing the associated energy consumption, cost and environmental impact. The procedures used are explained step-by-step, and generic and widely used parameters are utilized as much as possible to enable the reader to incorporate the conducted analyses to the systems they are working on. Also included are comprehensive thermodynamic modelling and analyses of TMSs as well as databanks of component costs and environmental impacts, which can be useful for providing new ideas on improving vehicle designs. Key features: Discusses traditional and cutting edge technologies as well as research directions Covers thermal management systems and their selection for different vehicles and applications Includes case studies and practical examples from the industry Covers thermodynamic analyses and assessment methods, including those based on energy and exergy, as well as exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental and enviroeconomic techniques Accompanied by a website hosting codes, models, and economic and environmental databases as well as various related information Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems is a unique book on electric vehicle thermal management systems for researchers and practitioners in industry, and is also a suitable textbook for senior-level undergraduate and graduate courses.

Battery Management Algorithm for Electric Vehicles

Author : Rui Xiong
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981150248X
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Battery Management Algorithm for Electric Vehicles by : Rui Xiong

Download or read book Battery Management Algorithm for Electric Vehicles written by Rui Xiong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-23 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically introduces readers to the core algorithms of battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles. These algorithms cover most of the technical bottlenecks encountered in BMS applications, including battery system modeling, state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation, state of power (SOP) estimation, remaining useful life (RUL) prediction, heating at low temperature, and optimization of charging. The book not only presents these algorithms, but also discusses their background, as well as related experimental and hardware developments. The concise figures and program codes provided make the calculation process easy to follow and apply, while the results obtained are presented in a comparative way, allowing readers to intuitively grasp the characteristics of different algorithms. Given its scope, the book is intended for researchers, senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as engineers in the fields of electric vehicles and energy storage.

Effectiveness of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium as a Government-Industry Partnership

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309061431
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Effectiveness of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium as a Government-Industry Partnership by : National Research Council

Download or read book Effectiveness of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium as a Government-Industry Partnership written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-09-14 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study by the National Research Council (NRC) was requested by DOE's Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies. The study focuses on the processes used by the USABC to select, evaluate, and manage R&D projects on EV batteries in Phases I and II of the program.

Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks

Author : Rodrigo Garcia-Valle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461401348
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks by : Rodrigo Garcia-Valle

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks written by Rodrigo Garcia-Valle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks provides coverage of the challenges and opportunities posed by the progressive integration of electric drive vehicles. Starting with a thorough overview of the current electric vehicle and battery state-of-the-art, this work describes dynamic software tools to assess the impacts resulting from the electric vehicles deployment on the steady state and dynamic operation of electricity grids, identifies strategies to mitigate them and the possibility to support simultaneously large-scale integration of renewable energy sources. New business models and control management architectures, as well as the communication infrastructure required to integrate electric vehicles as active demand are presented. Finally, regulatory issues of integrating electric vehicles into modern power systems are addressed. Inspired by two courses held under the EES-UETP umbrella in 2010 and 2011, this contributed volume consists of nine chapters written by leading researchers and professionals from the industry as well as academia.

Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309134366
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies by : National Research Council

Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-11-17 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) could alleviate the nation's dependence on oil and reduce U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas. Industry-and government-sponsored research programs have made very impressive technical progress over the past several years, and several companies are currently introducing pre-commercial vehicles and hydrogen fueling stations in limited markets. However, to achieve wide hydrogen vehicle penetration, further technological advances are required for commercial viability, and vehicle manufacturer and hydrogen supplier activities must be coordinated. In particular, costs must be reduced, new automotive manufacturing technologies commercialized, and adequate supplies of hydrogen produced and made available to motorists. These efforts will require considerable resources, especially federal and private sector funding. This book estimates the resources that will be needed to bring HFCVs to the point of competitive self-sustainability in the marketplace. It also estimates the impact on oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions as HFCVs become a large fraction of the light-duty vehicle fleet.

The Electric Vehicle

Author : Gijs Mom
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421412683
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Electric Vehicle by : Gijs Mom

Download or read book The Electric Vehicle written by Gijs Mom and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Engineer-Historian Award from the International History and Heritage Committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot Award given by the Society of Automotive Historians Recent attention to hybrid cars that run on both gasoline and electric batteries has made the electric car an apparent alternative to the internal combustion engine and its attendant environmental costs and geopolitical implications. Few people realize that the electric car—neither a recent invention nor a historical curiosity—has a story as old as that of the gasoline-powered automobile, and that at one time many in the nascent automobile industry believed battery-powered engines would become the dominant technology. In both Europe and America, electric cars and trucks succeeded in meeting the needs of a wide range of consumers. Before World War II, as many as 30,000 electric cars and more than 10,000 electric trucks plied American roads; European cities were busy with, electrically propelled fire engines, taxis, delivery vans, buses, heavy trucks and private cars. Even so, throughout the century-long history of electric propulsion, the widespread conviction it was an inferior technology remained stubbornly in place, an assumption mirrored in popular and scholarly memory. In The Electric Vehicle, Gijs Mom challenges this view, arguing that at the beginning of the automobile age neither the internal combustion engine nor the battery-powered vehicle enjoyed a clear advantage. He explores the technology and marketing/consumer-ratio faction relationship over four "generations" of electric-vehicle design, with separate chapters on privately owned passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Mom makes comparisons among European countries and between Europe and America. He finds that the electric vehicle offered many advantages, among them greater reliability and control, less noise and pollution. He also argues that a nexus of factors—cultural (underpowered and less rugged, electric cars seemed "feminine" at a time when most car buyers were men), structural (the shortcomings of battery technology at the time), and systemic (the infrastructural problems of changing large numbers of batteries)—ultimately gave an edge to the internal combustion engine. One hopes, as a new generation of electric vehicles becomes a reality, The Electric Vehicle offers a long-overdue reassessment of the place of this technology in the history of street transportation.

The Electric Car

Author : Michael Hereward Westbrook
Publisher : IET
ISBN 13 : 9780852960134
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis The Electric Car by : Michael Hereward Westbrook

Download or read book The Electric Car written by Michael Hereward Westbrook and published by IET. This book was released on 2001 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable work has gone into electric car and battery development in the last ten years, with the prospect of substantial improvements in range and performance in battery cars as well as in hybrids and those using fuel cells. This book covers the development of electric cars, from their early days, to new hybrid models in production. Most of the coverage is focused on the very latest technological issues faced by automotive engineers working on electric cars, as well as the key business factors vital for the successful transfer of electric cars into the mass market.

Electric Vehicles

Author : Gerald B. Raines
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781607411420
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Vehicles by : Gerald B. Raines

Download or read book Electric Vehicles written by Gerald B. Raines and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With ever increasing concern on environmental protection and energy conservation, there is a fast growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) from automakers, governments and customers. As electric propulsion is the core of EVs, there is a pressing need for researchers to develop advanced electric motor drives for various classes of EVs, including the battery, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles. Such issues are addressed in this book. The development and use of a fuel cell based power system for propulsion of electric aircrafts is discussed. A study done on the flight mechanics of the new aircraft, to verify the new flight performance, is also examined. Electric powered two-wheelers have risen in popularity in China over the past several years. This book investigates the growth of these electric two-wheelers in China and compares their environmental and safety impacts to those of alternative modes of transportation. Futhermore, the design and implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop system for the development, verification, and validation of algorithms used to construct state estimators for batteries and supercapacitors is addressed. There are several different kinds of devices that can be used to achieve electrochemical energy conversion. Some of these conversion technologies are reviewed, as well as their impact on the environment. The method used to control a power-train of a hybrid electric vehicle is discussed as well as how both the engine and the electric machine may achieve respective higher efficiencies after using this method. The regulated and unregulated emissions of diesel engines operating on different sulfur content fuels are also looked at. Energy efficiency issues include research and development priorities, funding for climate-related efficiency programs, implementation of equipment efficiency standards, regulation of vehicle fuel efficiency, and electricity industry ratemaking for energy efficiency profitability. Such issues are addressed in this book.