Autophagy Infection And The Immune Response

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Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response

Author : William T. Jackson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118677641
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response by : William T. Jackson

Download or read book Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response written by William T. Jackson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between infection and immunity and autophagy, a pathway of cellular homeostasis and stress response, has been a rapidly growing field of study over the last decade. While some cellular processes are pro- or anti-infection, autophagy has been proven to be both: a part of the innate immune response against some microbes, and a cellular pathway subverted by some pathogens to promote their own replication. Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response provides a unified overview of the roles of cellular autophagy during microbial infection. Introductory chapters ground the reader by delineating the autophagic pathway from a cellular perspective, and by listing assays available for measuring autophagy. Subsequent chapters address virus interactions with autophagy machinery, the various roles of autophagy parasitic infection, and interactions of bacteria with the autophagic pathway. Concluding chapters explore the relationships of autophagy to systemic immune responses, including antigen presentation, ER stress, and production of IFN-gamma. Designed as a resource for those interested in initiating studies on the relationship between autophagy and infection or immunity, Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response combines practical state-of the art technique descriptions with an overview of the wide variety of known interactions between pathogens and the autophagic pathway.

Autophagy in Immunity and Infection

Author : Vojo Deretic
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527608540
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy in Immunity and Infection by : Vojo Deretic

Download or read book Autophagy in Immunity and Infection written by Vojo Deretic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to cover this new topic at the interface of cell biology, immunology and infection biology offers a unique insight as to how the innate and possibly the adaptive immune system are shaped by cellular mechanisms. Following a comprehensive introduction to autophagy, the work features cellular mechanisms and medical implications, structured according to all major pathogens, while also covering emerging infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. Edited by one of the authors of a groundbreaking paper on this topic.

Autophagy in Infection and Immunity

Author : Beth Levine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642003028
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy in Infection and Immunity by : Beth Levine

Download or read book Autophagy in Infection and Immunity written by Beth Levine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-03 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy is a fundamental biological process that enables cells to autodigest their own cytosol during starvation and other forms of stress. It has a growing spectrum of acknowledged roles in immunity, aging, development, neurodegeneration, and cancer biology. An immunological role of autophagy was first recognized with the discovery of autophagy’s ability to sanitize the cellular interior by killing intracellular microbes. Since then, the repertoire of autophagy’s roles in immunity has been vastly expanded to include a diverse but interconnected portfolio of regulatory and effector functions. Autophagy is an effector of Th1/Th2 polarization; it fuels MHC II presentation of cytosolic (self and microbial) antigens; it shapes central tolerance; it affects B and T cell homeostasis; it acts both as an effector and a regulator of Toll-like receptor and other innate immunity receptor signaling; and it may help ward off chronic inflammatory disease in humans. With such a multitude of innate and adaptive immunity functions, the study of autophagy in immunity is one of the most rapidly growing fields of contemporary immunological research. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of autophagy, guides a novice and the well-informed reader alike through different immunological aspects of autophagy as well as the countermeasures used by highly adapted pathogens to fight autophagy, and provides the expert with the latest, up-to-date information on the specifics of the leading edge of autophagy research in infection and immunity.

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging

Author : M. A. Hayat
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128094273
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by : M. A. Hayat

Download or read book Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging written by M. A. Hayat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-12-28 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging is an eleven volume series that discusses in detail all aspects of autophagy machinery in the context of health, cancer, and other pathologies. Autophagy maintains homeostasis during starvation or stress conditions by balancing the synthesis of cellular components and their deregulation by autophagy. This series discusses the characterization of autophagosome-enriched vaccines and its efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. Autophagy serves to maintain healthy cells, tissues, and organs, but also promotes cancer survival and growth of established tumors. Impaired or deregulated autophagy can also contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and forward-thinking, these books offer a valuable guide to cellular processes while also inciting researchers to explore their potentially important connections. Presents the most advanced information regarding the role of the autophagic system in life and death Examines whether autophagy acts fundamentally as a cell survivor or cell death pathway or both Introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid in preventing detrimental inflammation Features recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities, including atherosclerosis and CNS tumors, and their development and treatment Includes chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available

Autophagy in Immune Response: Impact on Cancer Immunotherapy

Author : Salem Chouaib
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128196092
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy in Immune Response: Impact on Cancer Immunotherapy by : Salem Chouaib

Download or read book Autophagy in Immune Response: Impact on Cancer Immunotherapy written by Salem Chouaib and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy in Immune Response: Impact on Cancer Immunotherapy focuses on the status and future directions of autophagy with respect to different aspects of its interaction with the immune system and immunotherapy. The book takes scientific research in autophagy a step further by presenting reputable information on the topic and offering integrated content with advancements in autophagy, from cell biology and biochemical research, to clinical treatments. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students and several members of biomedical field who are interested in learning more on the relationship between autophagy and immunotherapies. Presents updated knowledge on autophagy at the basic level and its potential use in cancer treatment Offers the first book to cover autophagy at the interface of cell biology, immunology and tumor biology Provides a wealth of information on the topic in a coherent and comprehensive collection of contributions by world renowned scientists and investigators

The Autophagy Pathway: Bacterial Pathogen Immunity and Evasion

Author : Chinnaswamy Jagannath
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889716856
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis The Autophagy Pathway: Bacterial Pathogen Immunity and Evasion by : Chinnaswamy Jagannath

Download or read book The Autophagy Pathway: Bacterial Pathogen Immunity and Evasion written by Chinnaswamy Jagannath and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Autophagy in Autoimmunity

Author : Xu-jie Zhou
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889458121
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy in Autoimmunity by : Xu-jie Zhou

Download or read book Autophagy in Autoimmunity written by Xu-jie Zhou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Autophagy Regulation of Innate Immunity

Author : Jun Cui
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981150606X
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy Regulation of Innate Immunity by : Jun Cui

Download or read book Autophagy Regulation of Innate Immunity written by Jun Cui and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses novel concepts and discoveries concerning the regulation of innate immunity by autophagy and autophagy-related proteins. In the past decade, there have been major advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its physiological functions. This book highlights emerging studies on the underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation of innate immunity, including inflammation, antiviral immunity and anti-bacterial responses and the signaling pathways that prompt or inhibit the initiation and progression of related diseases. It also offers new ideas and strategies for future drugs based on manipulating autophagy, especially selective autophagy mediated by cargo receptors. Providing a comprehensive overview of the autophagy regulation of innate immunity, it is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the fields of immunology, cell biology and translational medicine.

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging

Author : M. A. Hayat
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124115144
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by : M. A. Hayat

Download or read book Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging written by M. A. Hayat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging is a complete, authoritative examination of the role of autophagy in health and disease. Understanding this phenomenon is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and forward thinking, this four-volume work offers a valuable guide to cellular processes while encouraging researchers to explore their potentially important connections. Understanding the role of autophagy is critical, considering its association with numerous biological processes, including cellular development and differentiation, cancer (both antitumor and protumor functions), immunity, infectious diseases, inflammation, maintenance of homeostasis, response to cellular stress, and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. Cell homeostasis is achieved by balancing biosynthesis and cellular turnover. In spite of the increasing importance of autophagy in various pathophysiological conditions mentioned above, this process remains underestimated and overlooked. As a consequence, its role in the initiation, stability, maintenance, and progression of these and other diseases (e.g., autoimmune disease) remains poorly understood. This work will broaden the knowledge base of academic and clinical professors, post-doctoral fellows, graduate and medical students regarding this vital biological process. Volumes in the Series

Autophagy

Author : M.A. Hayat
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128069279
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy by : M.A. Hayat

Download or read book Autophagy written by M.A. Hayat and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy plays a direct or indirect role in health and disease. A simplified definition of autophagy is that it is an exceedingly complex process which degrades modified, superfluous (surplus) or damaged cellular macromolecules and whole organelles using hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosomes. It consists of sequential steps of induction of autophagy, formation of autophagosome precursor, formation of autophagosome, fusion between autophagosome and lysosome, degradation of cargo contents, efflux transportation of degraded products to the cytoplasm, and lysosome reformation. This chapter discusses specific functions of autophagy, the process of autophagy, major types of autophagy, influences on autophagy, and the role of autophagy in disease, immunity, and defense.

Autophagy

Author : Daniel A. Escobar
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128069430
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy by : Daniel A. Escobar

Download or read book Autophagy written by Daniel A. Escobar and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter we discuss sepsis-induced inflammation and organ dysfunction, as well as the role of autophagy as a protective cell signaling mechanism. Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide, and is the most common precipitant of organ dysfunction. It has been noted that a minimal amount of cell death is present in patients who succumb to sepsis-induced organ failure and that, after the septic insult has passed, organs have the potential to regain function, suggesting a hibernating state of the cell in order to protect it from apoptosis and death. The cellular and molecular processes involved in sepsis are complex, and continue to be elucidated. Autophagy has been extensively studied in recent decades and an exponential increase in knowledge regarding this physiological pathway used by cells has been found. It is known to be activated under stress conditions in order to protect the cell from dying. In the setting of sepsis it has been demonstrated to play an important role for recycling of unhealthy mitochondria and damaged organelles, thus decreasing injury by ROS and providing nutrients and amino acids that the cell can use in this stressful environment. The purpose of this chapter is to review what is known about autophagy in sepsis and describe the contributing mechanisms by which autophagy can protect against organ injury.

Autophagy Networks in Inflammation

Author : Maria Chiara Maiuri
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319300792
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy Networks in Inflammation by : Maria Chiara Maiuri

Download or read book Autophagy Networks in Inflammation written by Maria Chiara Maiuri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-17 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy principally serves an adaptive function to protect organisms against diverse human pathologies, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Recent developments using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models show the involvement of the autophagy pathway in immunity and inflammation. Moreover, direct interactions between autophagy proteins and immune signalling molecules have also been demonstrated. Defects in autophagy - similar to cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and aging - through autophagy gene mutation and/or microbial antagonism, may underlie the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases and inflammatory syndromes. In spite of the increasing awareness of the importance of autophagy in these pathophysiological conditions, this process remains underestimated and is often overlooked. As a consequence, its role in the initiation, stability, maintenance, and progression of these diseases are still poorly understood. This book reviews the recent advances regarding the functions of the autophagy pathway and autophagy proteins in immunity and inflammation, focusing on their role in self-nonself distinction, their implications in innate and adaptive immune responses and their dysregulation in the pathology of certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Autophagy

Author : Steve S.-L. Chen
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 012806935X
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy by : Steve S.-L. Chen

Download or read book Autophagy written by Steve S.-L. Chen and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy, a conserved “self-eating” process aimed at maintaining cellular homeostasis, has diverse functions in host–pathogen interactions. Many viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), have evolved strategies to subvert the host autophagic machinery and enhance their own replication. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism for the role of autophagy in HCV replication and whether autophagy modulates the innate immunity in HCV infection are still poorly understood. In a recent study, we showed that infection of hepatoma Huh7 cells with cell culture-derived HCVcc perturbs the autophagy pathway, which proceeds to fusion of the autophagosome with a lysosome, through the unfolded protein response (UPR), to promote HCV RNA replication. Deregulation of the UPR and autophagy by gene silencing or interference with complete autolysosome formation with inhibitors such as chloroquine and Bafilomycin A1 impeded HCV RNA replication. Interruption of the UPR and autophagy concurred with upregulation of the HCV pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) RNA-mediated cytoplasmic retinoic acid-inducible gene-I signaling and interferon beta (IFN-β)-mediated antiviral responses. With the battery of UPR and autophagy inducers, we demonstrated that activated UPR–autophagy signaling downregulates HCV PAMP RNA-mediated innate immunity even in a context without HCV infection. Moreover, disruption of the autophagic flux by chloroquine or individual knockdown of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 and RAS-related GTP-binding protein 7, which are critical for fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, mitigated UPR- and autophagy-mediated suppression of innate antiviral immunity. Our results manifest that the UPR and autophagy machinery acts as a negative regulator in innate immunity, thus stimulating HCV replication. Our study will also benefit the development of efficacious anti-HCV therapeutic and intervention approaches targeting and/or modifying the UPR and autophagy signaling pathway.

Autophagy

Author : Lucile Espert
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128069333
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy by : Lucile Espert

Download or read book Autophagy written by Lucile Espert and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy is recognized as an innate mechanism by which intracellular pathogens are degraded into autolysosomes. In consequence, to avoid their destruction, many pathogens have evolved to block at least one step of the autophagy process or to exploit autophagic membranes for their own self-serving purposes. Autophagy is triggered by molecules that sense a danger, such as pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs), damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), pathogen receptors, and cytokines. Interestingly, several enveloped viruses can induce autophagy through membrane-fusion events that occur at the entry step of their life cycle. For human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the envelope glycoprotein gp41 is responsible for the fusion between the membrane of the virus, or the infected cell, and the membrane of the uninfected target cell. This fusion event triggers autophagy in CD4 T lymphocytes, leading to their apoptosis – the mechanism responsible for development of AIDS. Thus, autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection by killing specifically the uninfected CD4 T lymphocytes through membrane-fusion events.

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging

Author : M. A. Hayat
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124055346
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by : M. A. Hayat

Autophagy: Biology and Diseases

Author : Zheng-Hong Qin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811506027
Total Pages : 727 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy: Biology and Diseases by : Zheng-Hong Qin

Download or read book Autophagy: Biology and Diseases written by Zheng-Hong Qin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book series consists of 3 volumes covering the basic science (Volume 1), clinical science (Volume 2) and the technology and methodology (Volume 3) of autophagy. Volume 1 focuses on the biology of autophagy, including the signaling pathways, regulating processes and biological functions. Autophagy is a fundamental physiological process in eukaryotic cells. It not only regulates normal cellular homeostasis, and organ development and function, but also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases. Thanks to the rapid development of molecular biology and omic technologies, research on autophagy has boomed in recent decades, and more and more cellular and animal models and state-of the-art technologies are being used to shed light on the complexity of signaling networks involved in the autophagic process. Further, its involvement in biological functions and the pathogenesis of various diseases has attracted increased attention around the globe. Presenting cutting-edge knowledge, this book series is a useful reference resource for researchers and clinicians who are working on or interested in autophagy.

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging

Author : M. A. Hayat
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128029528
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by : M. A. Hayat

Download or read book Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging written by M. A. Hayat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 8 Autophagy and Human Diseases, concentrates on the role of Autophagy in human diseases, including tumorigenesis. The diseases discussed include melanoma, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Loss of autophagy in the central nervous system causes neurodegeneration (Alzheimers disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkin’s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). Melanoma is one of the most serious diseases in humans. Autophagy plays a key role in the anticancer response to Chemotherapy. However, autophagy can increase or decrease the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The reasons for these contradictory effects are explained. Autophagy also plays a role in idiopathic inflammatory diseases, infection, and immunity. An explanation is given how autophagy is closely linked to control of innate and adaptive immune responses in host defense in part by regulating cytokine production. The role of autophagy in cutaneous malignant melanoma is discussed in detail and expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 autophagic genes in melanoma is included to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying this very serious disease, which tends to metastasize to the brain. The effect of the treatment of this disease using Terfenadine through the induction of autophagy and apoptosis is also included. Autophagy and apoptosis are two main mechanisms involved in programmed cell death. Presents the most advanced information regarding the role of the autophagic system in life and death and whether autophagy acts fundamentally as a cell survivor, or cell death pathway, or both Introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies, in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid on preventing detrimental inflammation States recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities