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Aspects Of Adolescent Obesity In New Zealand
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Book Synopsis Aspects of Adolescent Obesity in New Zealand by : Sarah S. Carne
Download or read book Aspects of Adolescent Obesity in New Zealand written by Sarah S. Carne and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: To ascertain the quality of life (QOL) in an adolescent population with a high prevalence of obesity, compare findings to previous research, and investigate psychosocial factors that may account for differences in results by use of psychological theory. Rationale: A landmark article by Schwimmer et al. (2003) found that the QOL of severely obese children and adolescents was similar to those who had been diagnosed with cancer. It was therefore timely to discover whether a population with a high prevalence of obesity would also experience low QOL, or whether this population would normalise a higher weight status, resulting in less stigma and higher QOL. Understanding the results in terms of psychosocial factors and psychological theory will assist in more appropriate targeting of interventions.
Book Synopsis Obesity in Pacific Adolescents by : Tasileta Teevale
Download or read book Obesity in Pacific Adolescents written by Tasileta Teevale and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis was to explore socio-cultural factors that may promote or prevent obesity in Pacific communities residing in New Zealand. Specific objectives were to describe the behaviours, knowledge, beliefs and values of Pacific adolescents and their parents, as related to food consumption, physical activity and body image and to compare the responses of obese Pacific adolescents and their parents to their non-obese or healthy weight counterparts. A mixed-methods approach was utilised to gather data. Information was collected from a questionnaire administered to 4215 students who participated in the New Zealand arm of the Obesity Prevention In Communities (OPIC) project and sixty-eight individuals (33 students and 35 parents) from 30 Pacific households participated in individual interviews as part of the qualitative phase of the study. To meet the comparative objectives of the study, Pacific adolescents were recruited by obese (n=16) and healthy weight (n=17) status. The outcome of the analysis found that cost and affordability of food, time-constraints through employment obligations and lack of health education or experience negatively affected the health-promoting behaviours of Pacific adolescents and their parents (i.e. not meeting the current guidelines for healthy eating and regular physical activity). Healthy weight Pacific adolescents were significantly more active, consumed fruit and vegetables regularly and had habitual levels of breakfast and lunch consumption compared to obese Pacific adolescents. Obese adolescents were inactive, had takeaway family meals more often and skipped breakfast and lunch meals more frequently. Obese adolescents were also dissatisfied with their body weight, received more parental encouragement to lose weight and engaged in weight control behaviours more than the healthy weight cohort. Healthy weight adolescents and parents seemed to have more health-related knowledge and experience than obese adolescents and parents. There were no differences in the knowledge, values and beliefs about the health-protective effects of food and regular physical activity between obese and healthy weight Pacific adolescents and their parents. There was sound knowledge observed in the link between food and particular eating habits, physical inactivity and body size to obesity risk and study participants desired to increase their healthful behaviours, particularly amongst the obese. The key difference between healthy weight and obese adolescent households was in parental presence at home. Healthy weight adolescents came from households that were more likely to have a full-time or part-time parent at home. While obese adolescents were more likely to come from households that had both parents working full-time, particularly for sustained periods of time in shift-type working arrangements. Furthermore, all students and parents perceived overweight and underweight bodies undesirable for adverse health consequences, suggesting they understand the link between obesity and health. Most students and parents desired average-sized bodies that were functional, i.e. for adolescents, bodies that could be competent in sports and dance, for Pacific adults, bodies that could achieve daily tasks like housework, childrearing and meeting the needs of the family were desired and valued. This thesis finds that socio-environmental influences like socio-economic position, occupational type, health education and experience were much more instrumental influencers on health behaviours than socio-cultural factors. Attitudes, values and beliefs about food, physical activity and body image, which were comparable between obese and non-obese Pacific adolescents and their parents, were not as influential on health behaviours. Obese adolescents held the same attitudes, beliefs and values about food, physical activity and body image as their healthy-weight counterparts, but these factors were not protective for obesity-risk. To address obesity in Pacific youth in New Zealand, a number of macro-environmental changes are recommended to reverse obesity trends. Developing food pricing control policies to mitigate healthy food costs, revising sustained employment hour policies, making changes to school food and physical activity environments and incentivising healthy workplaces are some suggestions. This study suggests certain structural environmental factors related to poverty affects the health-promoting behaviours of Pacific communities in New Zealand. Future obesity intervention efforts for Pacific groups need to address poverty status and specific interventions that prioritise the elements of motivation, self-esteem, self-confidence and life-skills training as well as making policy changes to structural barriers is likely to be more effective.
Book Synopsis Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents by : Luis A. Moreno
Download or read book Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents written by Luis A. Moreno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite adults’ best preventive efforts, childhood obesity is on the rise in most areas of the world, and with it the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and other formerly adult-onset conditions. Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents takes the global ecological approach that is needed to understand the scope of the problem and its multiple causes and mechanisms, and to aid in developing more effective prevention and intervention programs. In the book’s first half, experts present a descriptive summary of youth obesity trends in ten world regions, broken down by age group, gender, socioeconomic status, and risk factors. Complementing these findings, part two reviews the evidence base regarding the variables, separately and in combination, having the most significant impact on young people’s development of obesity, including: • Genetic and nutrigenomic factors. • Environmental and psychosocial factors, such as family shopping and eating habits and access to healthful foods. • Neuroendocrine regulation. • Prenatal and neonatal factors (e.g., gestational diabetes of the mother). • Dietary factors, from nutrient content to young people’s food preferences. • Physical activity versus sedentary behavior. Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents is necessary reading for the range of professionals involved in curtailing this epidemic, including public health specialists, epidemiologists, pediatricians, nurses, nutritionists, psychologists, health educators, and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Pediatric and Adolescent Obesity Treatment by : William T. O'Donohue
Download or read book Handbook of Pediatric and Adolescent Obesity Treatment written by William T. O'Donohue and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-02-22 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together behavioral, medical, and public health approaches and provides the knowledge necessary for a wide range of practitioners to effectively address the current obesity epidemic among children and adolescents. The book addresses several themes in pediatric and adolescent obesity. Experts in the field discuss the prevalence, etiology, and sequelae of pediatric and adolescent obesity, as well as the medical and behavioral assessment of the overweight child, adolescent, and family. The book offers a comprehensive understanding of the wide range of approaches to pediatric and adolescent obesity treatment, in order to promote an individualized approach that will best fit the patient and family.
Book Synopsis Obesity in New Zealand Children and Adolescents by : Elizabeth Rhoda Bulloch
Download or read book Obesity in New Zealand Children and Adolescents written by Elizabeth Rhoda Bulloch and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Childhood obesity prevalence is rising both worldwide and in New Zealand. The 2011/2012 New Zealand Health Survey found that childhood obesity in New Zealand had risen from 8% to 10% between 2006/2007 and 2011/2012. Obesity in childhood is associated with poor health outcomes and the earlier development of related chronic diseases. Obesity is influenced by a number of behavioural and lifestyle factors. Evidence is emerging of a link between both eating frequency and sleep duration and obesity. These factors warrant further investigation to inform obesity prevention strategies. Aim The aim of this thesis was to review the evidence of an association between daily eating frequency and obesity as well as between sleep duration and obesity, in children and adolescents. Methods Systematic reviews were conducted to examine the level of evidence of an association between eating frequency and obesity, and between sleep duration and obesity. Data collected as part of the 2008/2009 National Survey of Children and Young People's Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviours in New Zealand was used to examine the association between 24 hour eating frequency and obesity and 24 hour sleep duration and obesity in a sample of New Zealand children and adolescents, aged 10 to 18 years. Results Systematic Reviews: review of the evidence pointed to a modest inverse association between both eating frequency and obesity, and between sleep duration and obesity in children and adolescents. Analysis: In this sample of New Zealand children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years, 24 hour eating frequency was inversely associated with obesity. Participants who ate two or fewer times per day had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.6 for obesity, in comparison to those who ate four or more times per day. In this study, no significant association was found between 24 hour sleep duration and obesity. Conclusion: This study showed that a higher meal frequency may be protective against obesity, and that eating at least four to five times a day should be promoted to children and adolescents and their families. Although no evidence of a sleep duration-obesity link was found in this study, previous evidence suggests an association. The importance of adequate, good quality sleep should be promoted to children, adolescents and their families.
Book Synopsis A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions by : Claudine Burton-Jeangros
Download or read book A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions written by Claudine Burton-Jeangros and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines health trajectories and health transitions at different stages of the life course, including childhood, adulthood and later life. It provides findings that assess the role of biological and social transitions on health status over time. The essays examine a wide range of health issues, including the consequences of military service on body mass index, childhood obesity and cardiovascular health, socio-economic inequalities in preventive health care use, depression and anxiety during the child rearing period, health trajectories and transitions in people with cystic fibrosis and oral health over the life course. The book addresses theoretical, empirical and methodological issues as well as examines different national contexts, which help to identify factors of vulnerability and potential resources that support resilience available for specific groups and/or populations. Health reflects the ability of individuals to adapt to their social environment. This book analyzes health as a dynamic experience. It examines how different aspects of individual health unfold over time as a result of aging but also in relation to changing socioeconomic conditions. It also offers readers potential insights into public policies that affect the health status of a population.
Book Synopsis The Complexity of Adolescent Obesity by : Peter D. Vash
Download or read book The Complexity of Adolescent Obesity written by Peter D. Vash and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.The research contained in this valuable compendium offers a much-needed perspective on one of the most dangerous health crises our world faces today: obesity. Obesity has become an epidemic, a fact frequently discussed in the media, with many references to both childhood and adult obesity. These
Book Synopsis Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence by : Wieland Kiess
Download or read book Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence written by Wieland Kiess and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity in childhood and adolescence has reached epidemic proportions in all industrialized countries around the world. Its impact on individual lives as well as on health economics has to be recognized by physicians and the public alike. Among the most common consequences of obesity in the adolescent are hypertension, dyslipidemia, back pain and psychosocial problems. Therapeutic strategies include psychological and family therapy, lifestyle/behavior modification and nutrition education. The role of regular exercise and exercise programs is emphasized. Surgical procedures and drugs used in adult obesity are still not generally recommended for obese adolescents. This book aims to increase physicians knowledge and understanding of obesity in childhood and adolescence as well as to further public awareness of the health burden and economic dimension of obesity at a young age. Several chapters deliver insights into the basic understanding of which factors contribute to or prevent the development of overweight and obesity in young people. Other contributions provide tools for the clinician to manage the care of the child and adolescent with overweight/obesity. In addition, knowledge from the latest scientific studies on the molecular biology of obesity is also presented.
Book Synopsis Pre-emptive Medicine: Public Health Aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease by : Fumihiro Sata
Download or read book Pre-emptive Medicine: Public Health Aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease written by Fumihiro Sata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews public health activities such as awareness campaigns, health education, and strategies for health policy based on recent epidemiological studies that provide insights into epigenetic processes caused by environmental factors and developmental plasticity. It provides the latest concepts and findings on the public health aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) research regarding early prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Attention is especially paid to key issues, including strategies for the effective prevention of NCDs in developmental stages of life and younger generations rather than in adults and the elderly. Public Health Aspects in Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) is structured in two parts; the first focuses on general remarks reviewing specific recommendations, practical methods and protocols, and future goals regarding public health aspects, while the second presents brief profiles of individual cohorts and consortia studies. This collection will benefit both new and established researchers, as well as students in the fields of epidemiology, clinical medicine, nutrition, education, and public health who are seeking comprehensive information on DOHaD and preemptive medicine.
Book Synopsis Genetic Studies of Obesity in New Zealand by : Mohanraj Krishnan
Download or read book Genetic Studies of Obesity in New Zealand written by Mohanraj Krishnan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity is a global health problem and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity is rising in New Zealand with the most recent health survey estimating 10% of all children (aged 2-14) are obese (2014/2015 New Zealand Health Survey). However, obesity varies with ethnicity, with the Māori (14.8%) and the Pacific Island (29.7%) children exhibiting higher rates of obesity when compared to the Asian (7.2%) and European/Other (7.7%) children. Although this obesity trend is underpinned by the presence of an 'obesogenic' environment, it is facilitated by the individual's genetic susceptibility to excessive weight gain. This helps to explain some of the individual phenotypic variations in development. Further characterisation of these obesity related gene variants would assist with unravelling the molecular mechanism of an affliction that affects approximately 10% of New Zealand children, opening up new avenues in the management of a disease for which no effective treatment currently exists. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the relative contributions between 80 putative genetic variations and obesity traits (BMI z-scores and Percentage Body Fat) in the Auckland Children of SCOPE cohort; a follow-up cross sectional survey of six year old children whose mothers were participants of the landmark SCOPE study. In addition, we investigated the interplay between genetic and modifiable environmental influences ('healthy' dietary pattern, physical activity levels and average sleep duration) on the predisposition to childhood obesity. Recently, a genome wide study in the Samoan population has identified a protein-altering variant (p.Arg475Gln) in CREBRF as being associated with discordant risks of BMI and T2D. We have tested for the presence and association of CREBRF -rs373863828 using the "Genetics of Gout, Diabetes and Kidney Disease in Aotearoa" case-control study recruited by the University of Otago. This study has shown that genetic variants identified in adult studies, were also associated with obesity traits in six year old New Zealand European children. This would suggest that gene variants that influence weight gain in adults, may direct growth patterns and adiposity from childhood. We have also captured additional loci (not previously detected in our earlier genetic association analysis) from the gene-by-environmental interaction analyses. From this research, we propose that there is a role for these gene variants to control body weight through satiety, energy extraction from diet and dissipation of energy as heat, and therefore act as the underlying cause behind the increased weight gain in children. We have also confirmed the presence of the CREBRF -rs373863828 variant in the broader Polynesian population residing in Aotearoa New Zealand and replicated the association with increased BMI and reduced odds of T2D. This emphasises a need for obesity genetic research away from European dominant studies. This study offers a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of the complex relationship between genetic influences, and environmental factors, in relation to childhood obesity. The health importance for New Zealand is from identifying potentially modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity, which can then be evaluated in future intervention studies. Factors identified early in the life cycle may be more amenable to interventions compared with strategies which target children who are already overweight or obese.
Download or read book The F Word written by Bill O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Childhood Obesity by : Rexford S. Ahima
Download or read book Childhood Obesity written by Rexford S. Ahima and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-07 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased worldwide in recent decades. Obesity in childhood is associated with a wide range of serious health complications and an increased risk of premature illness and death later in life. This book presents childhood obesity trends across multiple demographics and discusses the contributing genetic and environmental factors. It demonstrates the adverse health consequences of childhood obesity both as they relate to childhood and as they last into adulthood and presents multiple methods for obesity treatment included community and family-based intervention, pharmacotherapy, and surgical procedures.
Book Synopsis Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity by : Debasis Bagchi
Download or read book Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity written by Debasis Bagchi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the complex factors contributing to the growing childhood obesity epidemic is vital not only for the improved health of the world's future generations, but for the healthcare system. The impact of childhood obesity reaches beyond the individual family and into the public arenas of social systems and government policy and programs. Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity explores these with an approach that considers the current state of childhood obesity around the world as well as future projections, the most highly cited factors contributing to childhood obesity, what it means for the future both for children and society, and suggestions for steps to address and potentially prevent childhood obesity. This book will cover the multi-faceted factors contributing to the rapidly growing childhood obesity epidemic The underlying causes and current status of rapidly growing obesity epidemic in children in the global scenario will be discussed The strategies for childhood obesity prevention and treatment such as physical activity and exercise, personalized nutrition plans and school and community involvement will be presented
Book Synopsis An Epidemiological Study of Nutrition and Obesity Among New Zealand Children and Adolescents by : Jennifer Ann Utter
Download or read book An Epidemiological Study of Nutrition and Obesity Among New Zealand Children and Adolescents written by Jennifer Ann Utter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exercise Prescription - The Physiological Foundations by : Kate Woolf-May
Download or read book Exercise Prescription - The Physiological Foundations written by Kate Woolf-May and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007-09-08 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using research-based evidence, this text provides current rationale for the types, intensity, and duration of physical activity that may be prescribed to populations with commonly occurring chronic ailments. The relationship between the etiology of these conditions and the physiological effects of physical exercise for these groups of patients is explained. This text is ideal for students on courses encompassing health-related exercise and exercise prescription such as sports science, physical therapy and occupational therapy, as well as exercise professionals who may deal with rehabilitation of special populations. The book is also an ideal reference for fitness instructors, sports trainers, and medical professionals. In depth investigation into the growing areas of exercise prescription in relation to commonly encountered medical conditions. The book follows a consistent structure throughout, aiding the reader's comprehension and allowing ease of reference. Contraindications are provided, as well as guidelines for effective physical activity prescriptions. The author avoids giving specific prescriptions allowing the professional to judge from the evidence at hand what is best for each individual patient. Encourages real world application of ideas presented. A detailed glossary defines and explains terminology vital and unique to this field of study.
Book Synopsis Preventing Childhood Obesity by : Elizabeth Waters
Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Elizabeth Waters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is one of the biggest public health challenges in the 21st century. Devising effective policy and practice to combat childhood obesity is a high priority for many governments and health professionals internationally. This book brings together contributors from around the world and showcases the latest evidence-based research on community and policy interventions to prevent unhealthy weight gain and improve the health and well-being of children. The authors highlight from the evidence available what is and what is not effective and provide recommendations on how to implement and evaluate promising interventions for obesity prevention. This book is an essential read for all public health practitioners, early childhood professionals, health care providers and clinicians working to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity in their communities.
