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Analysis Design And Fabrication Of A Continuous Feed Fluidized Bed Reactor System For Experimentation On Biomass Fast Pyrolysis
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Book Synopsis Analysis, Design and Fabrication of a Continuous Feed Fluidized-bed Reactor System for Experimentation on Biomass Fast Pyrolysis by : Trevor Gardner Misera
Download or read book Analysis, Design and Fabrication of a Continuous Feed Fluidized-bed Reactor System for Experimentation on Biomass Fast Pyrolysis written by Trevor Gardner Misera and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Fluidized Bed Reactor by : Johnny Matta
Download or read book Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Fluidized Bed Reactor written by Johnny Matta and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design and Commissioning of a Continuous Isothermal Fast Pyrolysis Reactor by : Samuel Melville Glauber
Download or read book Design and Commissioning of a Continuous Isothermal Fast Pyrolysis Reactor written by Samuel Melville Glauber and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to meet growing demands for alternatives to fossil fuels, biomass pyrolysis is a method that has been explored in depth as a method to develop new liquid fuels. Fast pyrolysis is a subtype of pyrolysis reaction in which a specimen is heated at rates in excess of 10C/s in an oxygen-free environment, causing the specimen to thermally degrade and release a volatile bio-oil. The goal of this thesis is to design and commission a novel reactor for the continuous isothermal fast pyrolysis of ground biomass. The reactor design utilizes a vibrating plate heated to a set pyrolysis temperature. Analytical and empirically-derived vibratory transport models are presented for ground Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) to assist in setting the desired pyrolysis reaction time. A condenser system was designed to rapidly evacuate and chill the volatiles to prevent tar formation and secondary reactions. Commissioning tests were run at a pair of temperatures and biomass residence times to determine the degree of agreement between the reactor yields and two-component volatile formation data derived from batch fast pyrolysis of Pinus taeda.
Book Synopsis The Development and Optimisation of a Fast Pyrolysis Process for Bio-oil Production by : Abba Sani Kalgo
Download or read book The Development and Optimisation of a Fast Pyrolysis Process for Bio-oil Production written by Abba Sani Kalgo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A two-tier study is presented in this thesis. The first involves the commissioning of an extant but at the time, unproven bubbling fluidised bed fast pyrolysis unit. The unit was designed for an intended nominal throughput of 300 g/h of biomass. The unit came complete with solids separation, pyrolysis vapour quenching and oil collection systems. Modifications were carried out on various sections of the system including the reactor heating, quenching and liquid collection systems. The modifications allowed for fast pyrolysis experiments to be carried out at the appropriate temperatures. Bio-oil was generated using conventional biomass feedstocks including Willow, beechwood, Pine and Miscanthus. Results from this phase of the research showed however, that although the rig was capable of processing biomass to bio-oil, it was characterised by low mass balance closures and recurrent operational problems. The problems included blockages, poor reactor hydrodynamics and reduced organic liquid yields. The less than optimal performance of individual sections, particularly the feed and reactor systems of the rig, culminated in a poor overall performance of the system. The second phase of this research involved the redesign of two key components of the unit. An alternative feeding system was commissioned for the unit. The feed system included an off the shelf gravimetric system for accurate metering and efficient delivery of biomass. Similarly, a new bubbling fluidised bed reactor with an intended nominal throughput of 500g/h of biomass was designed and constructed. The design leveraged on experience from the initial commissioning phase with proven kinetic and hydrodynamic studies. These units were commissioned as part of the optimisation phase of the study. Also as part of this study, two varieties each, of previously unreported feedstocks namely Jatropha curcas and Moringa olifiera oil seed press cakes were characterised to determine their suitability as feedstocks for liquid fuel production via fast pyrolysis. Consequently, the feedstocks were used for the production of pyrolysis liquids. The quality of the pyrolysis liquids from the feedstocks were then investigated via a number of analytical techniques. The oils from the press cakes showed high levels of stability and reduced pH values. The improvements to the design of the fast pyrolysis unit led to higher mass balance closures and increased organic liquid yields. The maximum liquid yield obtained from the press cakes was from African Jatropha press cake at 66 wt% on a dry basis.
Book Synopsis Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction by : Prabir Basu
Download or read book Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction written by Prabir Basu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction, Third Edition, is enhanced with a new topic on processing and cleaning of product gas of gasification and a brief introduction to biomaterials, making it a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of a complete biomass conversion systems. With a dedicated focus on the design, analysis and operational aspects of biomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction, this edition offers comprehensive coverage of biomass in its gas, liquid or solid states in a single accessible source. The author provides many worked design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. Although the book carries the name ‘biomass’, the bulk of its content is also applicable to non-biomass fuels like coal, petcoke, municipal solid waste and others. This book will help engineers, scientists and operating personnel of biomass gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction plants, gain better comprehension of the basics of biomass conversion. Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction, Third Edition, is enhanced with a new topic on processing and cleaning of product gas of gasification and brief introduction to biomaterials making it a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of a complete biomass conversion systems. With a dedicated focus on the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction, this edition of the book offers comprehensive coverage of biomass in its gas, liquid, or solid states in a single easy-to-access source. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. Although the book carries the name ‘biomass’, the bulk of its content is also applicable to non-biomass fuels like, coal, petcoke, municipal solid waste and others. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and operating personnel of biomass gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction plants, to gain a better comprehension of the basics of biomass conversion. Features updates with the most recent research and technology Expanded to include a new chapter on syngas purification Contains step-by-step process flow diagrams, design data, conversion charts and numerical examples with solutions Provides available research results in an easy-to-use design methodology Examines the economic aspects of biomass conversion
Book Synopsis Conceptual Process Design and Techno-economic Assessment of Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass by :
Download or read book Conceptual Process Design and Techno-economic Assessment of Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass is a promising route for the production of fungible liquid biofuels. There is significant ongoing research on the design and development of catalysts for this process. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating process configurations and their effects on biorefinery economics. Herein we present a conceptual process design with techno-economic assessment; it includes the production of upgraded bio-oil via fixed bed ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis followed by final hydroprocessing to hydrocarbon fuel blendstocks. This study builds upon previous work using fluidized bed systems, as detailed in a recent design report led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL/TP-5100-62455); overall yields are assumed to be similar, and are based on enabling future feasibility. Assuming similar yields provides a basis for easy comparison and for studying the impacts of areas of focus in this study, namely, fixed bed reactor configurations and their catalyst development requirements, and the impacts of an inline hot gas filter. A comparison with the fluidized bed system shows that there is potential for higher capital costs and lower catalyst costs in the fixed bed system, leading to comparable overall costs. The key catalyst requirement is to enable the effective transformation of highly oxygenated biomass into hydrocarbons products with properties suitable for blending into current fuels. Potential catalyst materials are discussed, along with their suitability for deoxygenation, hydrogenation and C-C coupling chemistry. This chemistry is necessary during pyrolysis vapor upgrading for improved bio-oil quality, which enables efficient downstream hydroprocessing; C-C coupling helps increase the proportion of diesel/jet fuel range product. One potential benefit of fixed bed upgrading over fluidized bed upgrading is catalyst flexibility, providing greater control over chemistry and product composition. Since this study is based on future projections, the impacts of uncertainties in the underlying assumptions are quantified via sensitivity analysis. As a result, this analysis indicates that catalyst researchers should prioritize by: carbon efficiency> catalyst cost> catalyst lifetime, after initially testing for basic operational feasibility.
Book Synopsis Design of Fluidized-bed Reactors for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis by : Robert John Ng Coolman
Download or read book Design of Fluidized-bed Reactors for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis written by Robert John Ng Coolman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The net accumulation of atmospheric carbon resulting from the increase in global demand for fuels and chemicals from fossil sources warrants the search for alternatives that fit into existing infrastructure ("drop-in" chemicals and fuels) that come from renewable sources. The research presented in this thesis progresses this search for alternatives through the study of Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) of renewable lignocellulosic biomass in bubbling fluidized beds of ZSM-5. For CFP of cellulose at 500°C using a 4.92-cm ID reactor, aromatic yields of up to 39.5% carbon were obtained indicating the importance of high-cellulose feeds for production of aromatics. In a larger 9.67-cm ID process development unit (PDU) with on-stream catalyst input and output, we studied CFP of pine sawdust. The PDU maintained constant product yield of aromatics (15.5% carbon) over an extended reaction period (6 hrs). A simulated recycle stream of CFP product gases consisting of CO, CO2 and olefins increased aromatic yield to 22% carbon in contrast to nitrogen which produced only 18% yield. In a third 4.92-cm ID reactor, the effect of steam for the CFP of cellulose with ZSM-5 was studied. Irreversible effects included dealumination, a loss of total acidity, an increase in the zeolite-crystal size, and agglomeration of particles resulting in lower yields for aromatics and coke, and higher yields for methane and unidentified products. Steam co-feeding was also found to reversibly lower yields of aromatics, char/coke, and identifiable oxygenate species, increase yields of CO and methane, and not change the overall yields of CO2 and olefins. The effect of catalyst contact time was studied at coke loadings known not to deactivate the catalyst. CO and CH4 are favored at low catalyst contact times (1,000 s), oxygenated and unidentified species at medium catalyst contact times (1,000 s -- 10,000 s), and aromatics and CO2Ơ at high catalyst contact times (10,000 s). At increased time on stream, the catalyst lost activity due to coking. Most aromatic-producing activity was lost after a weight turnover of 2.0. Accumulated coke deactivates the catalyst by both filling the micropores and blocking the acid sites
Book Synopsis Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor with Gallium Promoted ZSM-5 Catalyst by : Jian Shi
Download or read book Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor with Gallium Promoted ZSM-5 Catalyst written by Jian Shi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The huge energy demand of our society is causing fossil fuel resources to diminish rapidly. Therefore, it is critical to search for alternative energy resources. Biomass is currently both abundant and inexpensive. Biofuels (fuels produced from biomass) have the potential to replace fossil fuels if a cost effective process can be develop to convert biomass into fuels. Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a technology that can convert biomass into gasoline ranged aromatics in a single step. By heating biomass quickly to an intermediate temperature, biomass will thermally decompose into small molecules which can fit into zeolite catalyst pores. Inside the catalyst pores, these small molecules undergo a series of reactions where aromatics are formed along with olefins, CO, CO2, CH4 and water. Gallium promoted ZSM-5 catalyst has been shown to promote small alkanes aromatization, thus it has the potential to increase aromatic yield in catalytic fast pyrolysis process. The focus of the thesis is to study the behavior of catalyst fast pyrolysis of biomass over Gallium promoted catalyst, and explore various ways to utilize the gas phase olefins to increase the aromatic yield. [CG1] The effect of reaction parameters (temperature, weight hourly space velocity, and fluidized gas velocity) on catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass with Ga/ZSM-5 were studied in a fluidized bed reactor using pine saw dust as the biomass feed. The product distribution and hydrocarbon selectivity are shown to be a strong function of temperature and weight hourly space velocity. Compared to ZSM-5 catalyst at the same reaction conditions, Ga/ZMS-5 has been shown to increase the aromatic yield by 40%. Olefins can be recycled back to the CFP fluidized bed reactor to further increase the aromatic yield. The olefin co-feeding with pine saw dust experiments indicates that co-feeding with propylene can increase the aromatic yield, however, co-feeding with ethylene will cause a decrease in aromatic yield. In both co-feeding experiments, an increase in the amount of coke formed was also observed. Besides a simple olefin recycle, another possible way to utilize these olefins, while avoiding the high cost to separate them from other gas phase products (CO, CO2 and CH4), is adding a secondary alkylation unit after the fluidized bed reactor. The alkylation unit could provide a way to produce additional ethylbenzene after the main CFP process. Three zeolite catalysts (ZSM-5, Y-zeolite and Beta zeolite) were tested in the alkylation unit, and ZSM-5 catalyst shows the highest activity and selectivity in the alkylation of benzene and ethylene.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis Phenomena in Fluidized BED Reactor of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Biomass by : 曾重仁
Download or read book Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis Phenomena in Fluidized BED Reactor of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Biomass written by 曾重仁 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis Computational Study on Biomass Fast Pyrolysis by : Emilio Ramirez (Chemical engineer)
Download or read book Computational Study on Biomass Fast Pyrolysis written by Emilio Ramirez (Chemical engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluidized bed reactors are utilized in a wide range of chemical industries, including petroleum refining, pharmaceutical and commodity chemicals production, and biomass conversion to fuels and higher-value chemicals. Such reactors are useful where multiple fluids (gases or liquids) and particulate solids are brought together in intimate contact to promote heat and mass transfer and chemical reactions. Recently fluidized-bed research includes computational simulations that provide new insights into the dominant physics and chemistry processes that control reactor performance. Computational simulations were utilized to understand how bubbling-bed hydrodynamics and fast-pyrolysis chemistry interact to control biomass pyrolysis reactor performance. The scope of this work is limited to bubbling bed conditions, designed and operated for lab scale studies of biomass fast pyrolysis, in a bed of inert Geldart Group B sand. Biomass particulates are injected near the bottom of the reactor and rapidly heated to release volatile compounds. The devolatilized biomass particles (char) and released volatile gases transit through the bed (at time scales depending on the hydrodynamic mixing state) and elutriate from the top of the reactor. The bubbling-bed hydrodynamics were simulated with MFiX, an open- source software package based on the two-fluid (continuum) approach for representing the bubbling bed multiphase flows. Processes of interest included the transport of biomass char and released volatile gases, and how these change with fluidizing gas flow, low-intensity bubbling, to slugging, to high- intensity turbulence. A key observation is that fast-pyrolysis tar yield can be increased by reducing the residence time in the freeboard by shortening the freeboard length or by adding secondary air. Also, of interest was how these transport processes are expected to affect the selectivity of product species exiting the top of the reactor. One promising concept for monitoring hydrodynamics in bubbling bed reactors are high- speed pressure measurements to quantify key mixing and transport properties. Computational simulations were utilized to identify quantitative statistical features in high-speed pressure measurements in the upper section of the bed, below the static bed height, to use as process monitoring tools. Other promising directions were identified for future experimental and computational studies.
Book Synopsis Combustion and Gasification in Fluidized Beds by : Prabir Basu
Download or read book Combustion and Gasification in Fluidized Beds written by Prabir Basu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Besides being one of the best Clean Coal Technologies, fluidized beds are also proving to be the most practical option for biomass conversion. Although the technology is well established, the field lacks a comprehensive guide to the design and operating principles of fluidized bed boilers and gasifiers. With more than 30 years of research and indus
Book Synopsis Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass by : A. V. Bridgwater
Download or read book Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass written by A. V. Bridgwater and published by Cpl Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited and updated version of the final report of the IEA Bioenergy Pyrolysis Task, is useful both to newcomers to the subject area and those already involved in research, development, and implementation.
Book Synopsis Design Study for Bio-Oil Production from Biomass Using a Dual Fluidized-Bed Reactor by :
Download or read book Design Study for Bio-Oil Production from Biomass Using a Dual Fluidized-Bed Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To evaluate the re-design and reconfiguration of a dual-fluidized bed (DFB) gasification system into a recirculating pyrolysis reactor, Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations of the system were conducted. The Barracuda Virtual Reactor® computational particle fluid dynamic code was used to perform simulations of the pyrolysis process. Modeling of the chemical reaction kinetics for both gas phase and solid particle phase were included. The recirculating pyrolysis reactor shown in Fig. 1a is based on a bubbling-bed biomass pyrolyzer and a riser combustor to convert the remaining char. The operational differences in the re-configuration of the DFB gasification system into a recirculating pyrolysis system for the production of bio-oil are (1) replacement of a low-surface area inert bed material with a high-surface-area bed material that has acidic properties to provide catalytic activity for the production of bio-oil with reduced oxygen content, (2) lower temperature and residence time for bio-oil production from pyrolysis, (3) replacement of the fluidization gas in the bubbling bed pyrolyzer from steam to nitrogen, and (4) the reduction of pyrolyzer freeboard volume. The bed material used for catalytic pyrolysis is Sasol 300 (300-micron dia., bulk density 0.94 kg/l, and surface area 130 m2/g) and is a theta-alumina with mild acidity. This is in comparison with previous standard bed material Carbo HSP (430-micron dia., bulk density 2.01 kg/l, and surface area 0.03 m2/g) used for gasification. For bio-oil production, pyrolysis in the bubbling bed requires temperatures in the range of 550 C in comparison with gasification temperatures near 850 C. To attain this lower temperature requires management of the energy mass balances, with control of the bed material recirculation rate between bubbling bed pyrolyzer and riser combustor, the introduction of a nitrogen purge in the pyrolyzer, and adjusting the pressure balance between the two vessels. To extract bio-oil from the pyrolysis reactor with a snorkel, two different freeboard configurations were evaluated. In Fig. 1 b the existing high freeboard configuration is shown and in Fig. 1 c the reduced freeboard design is presented. The introduction of a nitrogen purge for the high free board configuration provided the highest bio-oil production from the CFD simulations. To decrease the bed-material circulation rate, primary and secondary air on the combustor side were reduced, and the pressure on the combustor was slightly increased. A portion of the biomass and bio-oil was observed to be transported to the combustor, leading to a smaller pyrolysis yield. The control of the pyrolyzer temperature is performed by controlling the circulation rate. Good fluidization of the bubbling bed and cascade PID control are required to keep the temperature from oscillating due to large time delay experienced when changing primary and secondary air. (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. (a) Dual Fluidized Bed pyrolysis system configuration, (b) mole fraction of nonpolar biooil in high freeboard configuration, and (c) mole fraction of nonpolar bio-oil in low freeboard configuration with nitrogen purge introduced in both configurations.
Book Synopsis Development of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Model for the Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for Process Simulation by : Anna A. Trendewicz
Download or read book Development of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Model for the Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for Process Simulation written by Anna A. Trendewicz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Biomass Fluidized Bed Fast Pyrolysis Based on CFD and Study on Bio-oil Upgrading Process Towards Hydrogenation by : 謝勝強
Download or read book Analysis of Biomass Fluidized Bed Fast Pyrolysis Based on CFD and Study on Bio-oil Upgrading Process Towards Hydrogenation written by 謝勝強 and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Textbook of Thermal Engineering by : J. K. Gupta
Download or read book Textbook of Thermal Engineering written by J. K. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
